Socialization Of Regulation Research Articles

PENGARUH BUDAYA HUKUM DI LOMBOK TENGAH DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA KESUSILAAN

Lawrence M. Friedman stated that the effectiveness of law enforcement depends on three elements of the legal system, namely legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. Criminal Acts Against Morality are one of the fairly complex acts in terms of law enforcement. Lombok Tengah was once in the spotlight regarding several criminal acts against morality that were not fully investigated. Empirical legal research methods were used to find answers to the questions of what factors influence law enforcement and the role of legal culture in enforcing criminal acts against morality. Legal regulation factors and legal understanding of law enforcement officers are part of the inhibiting factors, while adequate facilities and infrastructure are supporting factors in enforcing the law on Criminal Acts Against Morality in Lombok Tengah. The patriarchal legal culture of society, victims who are embarrassed to the point of withdrawing their reports, and slow performance factors from officers make law enforcement on criminal acts against morality not run as it should. Socialization of regulations on crimes against morality, increasing the capacity of law enforcement officers and strengthening victims, victims' families and the community are part of the solution in enforcing the law on crimes against morality in Lombok Tengah

The Influence of Racial Socialization, Mentor Support, and Emotion Regulation on the Psychological Well-Being of African American Boys.

Although it is well-documented that school-based racial discrimination can have adverse effects on African American adolescents, the understanding of how socio-emotional factors can act as safeguards is still limited. This study explores whether emotion regulation, mentor support, and parent racial socialization help African American boys cope with school-based racial discrimination. Factors such as emotion regulation are internal assets, while mentor support and parent racial socialization are external resources. Four hundred and eighty-seven African American boys aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.33; SD = 1.62) participated. School-based racial discrimination correlated negatively with psychological well-being. Only emotion regulation and parental racial socialization were related to positive psychological well-being. However, mentor support buffered against the negative impacts of school-based racial discrimination on psychological well-being. These results underscore the significance of assets and resources in bolstering African American boys' resilience against school-based racial discrimination, with implications for interventions and future research.

Analysis of the Role of the Kendal Regency Manpower and Industry Service in Protecting Workers' Wage Rights in Accordance with Kendal Regency Regulation Number 101 of 2021: A Qualitative Study

Kendal is located on a strategic route between Semarang and Surabaya, the two largest metropolitan cities in Central Java. Kendal has a large working age population and is relatively cheap compared to other areas in Central Java. The district minimum wage (UMK) in Kendal is low compared to other areas in Central Java. Disnakerind has an important role in enforcing regulations and protecting workers' rights. This research aims to analyze the role of the Kendal Regency Manpower and Industry Service (Disnakerind) in protecting workers' wage rights in accordance with Kendal Regency Regulation Number 101 of 2021. This research is important to carry out because wages are a fundamental right of workers which is protected by regional laws and regulations. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews with key informants at the Kendal Regency Manpower and Industry Office, workers and entrepreneurs in Kendal Regency. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The research results show that the Kendal Regency Manpower Office has an important role in protecting workers' wage rights in accordance with Kendal Regency Regulation Number 101 of 2021. This role is carried out through various activities: Socialization of regulations: Kendal Regency Manpower Office carries out socialization of regulations regarding district minimum wages (UMK) and rights. other labor rights to workers and employers; Wage inspection: Kendal Regency Manpower and Industry Office carries out wage inspections in companies to ensure that employers pay wages to workers in accordance with the UMK and other laws and regulations; Handling complaints: Kendal Regency Manpower and Industry Office receives and handles complaints from workers who feel their wage rights have been violated by employers; Worker empowerment: Kendal Regency Manpower and Industry Office provides training and assistance to workers about their rights, including wage rights. In conclusion, the Kendal Regency Manpower Office has an important role in protecting workers' wage rights in accordance with Kendal Regency Regulation Number 101 of 2021. However, there are still several challenges that the Kendal Regency Manpower Office needs to overcome so that it can carry out its role optimally.

Model Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif pada Masjid dan Pesantren Berbasiskan Hukum Islam dan Peraturan: Studi di Palembang

Palembang, the oldest city in Indonesia, has historical religious assets. The mosque has a unique character, built in the 18th century, standing on the bank of the Musi River, founded by a famous charismatic ulama figure, as a waqf treasure and designated as a cultural heritage. The Islamic boarding school is considered the oldest, standing not far from the river with private ownership status. Both assets still exist today, are maintained and continue to develop. The aim of this research is to discover laws regarding regulations, as a basis for a productive waqf management model in developing mosques and Islamic boarding schools in Palembang with legal certainty. This study takes another side regarding the productive waqf management model. Through observations, interviews, and document studies, used to build an analysis as seen in this paper. The data is grouped and analyzed so as to provide a complete explanation of the problem. This study clearly shows a model for developing mosques with waqf status and Islamic boarding schools have private property status, both management models are conventional. Even though there is legal certainty with the Waqf Law, allows managing waqf productively. The findings show that there are no productive waqf management practices, even though there is already a desire for it. This is because the socialization of regulations has not been evenly distributed, This is because the socialization of regulations has not been evenly distributed,

VILLAGE GOVERNMENTS’ CAPACITY CHALLENGES FACING HINDRANCES TO IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “RECOGNITION PRINCIPLE” IN KOLILANANG VILLAGE, EAST FLORES DISTRICT IN 2022

The principle of recognition not only corroborates and develops the unique tradition of running the village, but also reinvigorates the village to make innovations and rearrangements of its administration based on autochthonous autonomy and decentralization-based local government. This research aims to explore the capacity of village administration to implement the principle of recognition and to reveal impediments being faced, also to contribute to strengthening local capacity for solving community problems. The methods used in this research are qualitative and descriptive where data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. The result shows that the village administration and the village consultative body both collectively and individually lack the capacity to implement the recognition principles. The inability to implement the recognition principle is caused by poor human resources of both the village administration personnel and the village consultative body. Consequently, there are no creative ideas set forth by the village administration or by the village consultative body as well as by the villagers as a whole to formulate innovative development programs or culture-based village regulations. Therefore, we need to implement capacity-building programs through training, technical assistance, socialization of regulations and well-scheduled sustainable apprenticeship in order for the village administration to design innovative development programs in accordance with the local needs and uniqueness of the village.

PENGARUH SOSIALISASI, TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, DAN PEMAHAMAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK UMKM

MSME tax is one of the national development sources. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tax socialization, education level, taxation comprehension, and government regulation No. 23 of 2018 on MSME taxpayer compliance. This research was done by forty East Jakarta MSME respondents. Utilizing Partial Least Square, the SmartPLS application conducts data analysis. This study demonstrates that tax socialization and comprehension affect MSME taxpayer compliance, while education level has no effect. Keywords: Tax Socialization, Education Level, Tax Understanding PP No. 23 of 2018

Aggressive behavior and the socialization and regulation of anger in early adolescent friendships

This research explored the relations among aggressive behavior, friend socialization of anger, and adaptive anger regulation within early adolescent friendships. Participants were 202 adolescents (52.50% girls; Mage = 12.68 years) who participated in 101 same-gender close friend dyads at an initial assessment (T1) and a second assessment two years later (T2). At T1, adolescents reported on their aggression, adaptive anger regulation, and on their friends’ socialization responses to anger at T1, and at T2 their own adaptive anger regulation. ActorPartner Interdependence Modeling (APIM) evaluated relations among aggression, anger socialization, and anger regulation. Adolescents’ T1 aggressive behavior was associated with lower supportive and greater unsupportive anger socialization within friendships, and with their lower T2 adaptive anger regulation. In turn, supportive anger socialization was associated with greater adaptive T2 anger regulation and unsupportive anger socialization with lower T2 adaptive anger regulation. Mediational analyses indicated that T1 aggressive behavior predicted lower T2 anger regulation indirectly through T1 greater unsupportive anger socialization. Results highlight how aggressive behavior may hinder healthy anger socialization processes within friendships and demonstrate the importance of friend emotion socialization as a venue in which adolescents may (or may not) learn adaptive ways of managing anger arousal.

The role of parent and peer emotion socialization and emotion regulation in the development of internalizing problems in adolescents

Adolescence is a dynamic period for the development of emotion regulation skills. Difficulties in emotion regulation are an important predictor of risk for internalizing problems. Parents and peers play an important role in both emotion regulation (ER) skills and the development of internalizing problems, however, few studies have examined their influence concurrently using longitudinal data. This study investigated the impact of parent and peer emotion socialization and adolescent ER on adolescent (N = 213; aged 13 to 14 years old) internalizing problems 11 months later, as reported by adolescents. Results indicated peer but not parent emotion socialization predicted adolescent internalizing problems. Moreover, adolescent difficulties in ER at baseline moderated the impact of peer emotion socialization on adolescent internalizing problems. The findings highlight peer emotion dismissing responses impact internalizing problems, especially if adolescents also report difficulties in ER, underscoring the importance of prevention during earlier developmental periods.

THE SUPERVISION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) AS THE EFFORT IN INCREASING BEHAVIOR BASED SAFETY (BBS) ON HIGH TENSE WORKING UNITS (HVWU) OF PT. PLN (PERSERO) MALANG AREA

JSA (Job Safety Analysis) is a method used to identify work that has potential hazards ao this method aims at making corrections before the accident happens. The purpose of Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is to explain the potential hazards that arise during the process of work on the working area and control the potential hazards. The supervision on the implementation of JSA is in accordance with the Company’s SOP (Standard opeating Procedure) which is expected to improve the Behavior Based Safety (BBS). Behavior Based Safety (BBS). is a corporate system to change unsafe behavior so that it can educate employees to look for causes of accident-prone behavior. This awakens employees behavior causing the risk of work accident. The observed behavior is documented and discussed in meetings, so that everyone can have a safer environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of Job Safety Analysis method. This research was located in PT. PLN Persero Malang Area. The subject of this research was focused on unit PDKB/High Tense Working Unit (HTWU) of PT. PLN (Persero) Malang Area. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The data collection techniques in this study used observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The type of this research was descriptive qualitative case study. The results of this study indicate that High Tense Working Unit (HVWU) of PT. PLN (Persero) Malang Area has identified potential hazard periodically by using Job Safety Analysis method. Therefore, PT. PLN (Persero) Malang Area has a way of improving Behavior Based Safety (BBS) using JSA training, dismissal of workers, regulation socialization, implementation of safety awareness program and giving a sanction.

SOME ISSUES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTRACTUAL LEASE RELATIONS FOR LAND RESOURCES IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of the development of contractual lease relations for land resources in Ukraine. Thus, the effective functioning of the land market is now experiencing obstacles due to the imperfection of the system, gaps in the current legislation, the incompleteness of the process of transformation of economic and legal relations of land ownership, etc. As of the present, changes in the direction of reforming the relations of land resources continue in Ukraine, however, there remains a crisis state of the situation in this area, which impedes the development of productive forces and the formation of sustainable land use. It has been established that contractual lease land relations are a combination of complex and multifaceted phenomena and a progressive form of management. At its core, rent is a flexible tool in the formation of a new structure of agricultural production and the implementation of socio-economic programs. The author has identified a set of mandatory elements of contractual lease relations for land resources and a reasoned list of factors on which the further development of these relations depends. In addition, it was noted that the improvement of contractual lease relations regarding land resources in the context of the transformation of national legislation and European integration is both a political and economic issue that concerns not only land owners and future buyers, but without exaggeration affects the interests of the whole society as a whole. Compare the categories: land lease and emphyteusis, in order to determine the benefits available. It was found that the mechanism of contractual lease relations for land resources needs further effective changes, despite the existing number of legislative acts in this area. In addition, on the basis of the study and the resulting conclusions, the author proposed the most important, in his opinion, steps to achieve positive results of reforming and further development of contractual lease relations regarding land resources. The development of strategic principles for the development of contractual lease relations for land resources, the substantiation of the economic mechanisms of their socialization, greening and state regulation are seen as prospects for further scientific research in this direction. Key words: lease, contract, lease relations, emphyteusis, land market.

The Contribution of Organizational Culture in Schools to Improving Teacher Performance

The role of organizational culture in improving school quality cannot be ignored, such as hard work habits, responsibility, relationships between school members, and efforts to improve quality. Meanwhile, teacher performance is very important for academic achievement. This study aims to reveal the extent of the role of organizational culture in schools in improving teacher performance. The approach used in this study is qualitative by using the narrative literature review method. The results of this study indicate that the role of organizational culture on teacher performance is very large. However, the implementation of organizational culture faces various obstacles, such as the socialization of regulations that have not been maximized, teachers who have not been disciplined, and in general, school residents who are comfortable with their previous habits. The influence of organizational culture on teacher performance and teacher motivation is quite significant. What needs to be anticipated are the implications because organizational culture that has been embedded for a long time sometimes becomes an obstacle to the change process.

PENGUATAN BUDAYA TENUN ATBM PADA LURIK TRADISIONAL DI PEDAN KLATEN (MITRA: SUMBER SANDANG TENUN DI PEDAN)

Until now, integrated textile industry centers in Indonesia are very rare, apart from the integrated textile industry with the Pekalongan batik craft in Central Java which is synergistic with the growth of the fashion business and the proliferation of tailors and fashion design. However, this landscape can be found in Pedan Klaten Subdistrict, which is a production center for ATBM weaving whose business growth is increasingly strengthening into an integrated area. Pedan Klaten's original ATBM weaving has always been known to be very skilled and detailed in its work so that the resulting product is very smooth and can be tight with the main motif is lurik. In particular, the formulation of the problem posed, how to develop lurik design innovations in responding to the challenges of global fashion trend competition? And, how is the concept of lurik lyrics getting more and more glimpsed by all circles of society not just a fashion function application but the formation of an integrated lurik industrial area as a tourist area? The hope is that Pedan, who has a long history of lurik craftsmen, can improve the welfare of the community and have a widespread socio-cultural impact as a fashion tourism area that the world community is eyeing. The problems to be resolved, including; (1) Strengthening the Lurik Pedan brand as a pioneering integrated tourism-industrial area. (2) The E-Commerce system has not been maximized in strengthening the Marketing Communication (MARCOM) system as an effort to increase sales turnover and strengthen business strategies. (3) There is no legal protection for intellectual rights, IPR for each of its superior products. (4) The design innovation assistance has not been intensive yet so that it can participate in national and international exhibition events. (5) The lack of interest in lurik as a subject of study in international scientific publications. Output targets to be achieved (1) Strengthening the Lurik Pedan Branding Strategy program as a pilot for an integrated tourism-industrial area. (2) Optimizing the ECommerce system in strengthening the Marketing Communication (MARCOM) system as an effort to increase sales turnover and strengthen business strategies. (3) Socialization of regulations and legal assistance for intellectual rights protection, through IPR registration for each of its superior products. (4) Providing intensive design innovation assistance in national and international exhibition events. (5) Conduct international scientific publications (both seminars and journals). The method used is that the Team carries out a mentoring program through regular workshops and is always oriented to the problems faced by Partners. This assistance is expected to be able to assist Partners in solving both technical and non-technical problems

FUNGSI BIRO HUKUM SEKRETARIAT DAERAH ACEH DALAM RANGKA PELAKSANAAN TELAHAAN, EVALUASI DAN SOSIALISASI KEBIJAKAN DAERAH

The function of the law firm of Aceh regional secretariat is the implementation of research and evaluation of the implementation of central and regional legislation. In the execution of it then performed in accordance with the stages of internal meetings, coordination meetings, consultation meetings with experts, and regional policy documentation. While the evaluation of regional policy through the review of existing regulations and need socialization. In observastion, evaluation and socialization of regulations and policy there are still obstacles, among others limited time, infrastructure/facilities and limited ability of the apparatus in the implementation of research, evaluation and socialization. Therefore, the researchers want to analyze how the function of the law firm of Aceh regional secretariat in the implementation of research, evaluation and socialization of legislation, and what is the factors are obstacles and supporters of research, evaluation and socialization of regional policy on legislation. This research used a qualitative descriptive. The informant is bureau chief, head of division and section chief of the law firm of Aceh regional secretariat. The result of the research is in the implementation of research, evaluation and socialization of regulations has been running but there are still obstacles especially on the matter of time, infrastructure or facilities, then limited ability of the apparatus, including experts who assist research and evaluation are still limited in both of quantity and expertise. In other words, evaluation and socialization of regulation is still limited in the order to support the interests of the government, while the substance is inadequate.

SOCIALIZATION OF INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY RIGHTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAND RIGHTS IN THE TOGUTIL COMMUNITY OF EAST HALMAHERA

This community service activity is motivated by the worsening position of Indigenous Rights that are already rooted in the lives of indigenous peoples. Weak socialization and public understanding of the importance of law that can protect themselves from the progress of the times, so this community service has the aim of (1) providing an understanding so that customary rights with their local wisdom can be protected by the government in the form of regional regulations so that in the future whoever will lead will still have legal certainty, (2) Encourage local governments to immediately make regulations (customary regulations) that can protect the rights of local indigenous peoples. This activity is a socialization of regulations so that indigenous peoples know that their rights can be protected by the government in the form of local regulations. This can be seen from the presence of one of the tribes (Togutil) at the activity location who is still living in the Halmahera forest, North Maluku, whose existence is in a mining area that has the potential to be exploited and they are vulnerable to not being involved in the management of the results, let alone being able to share it to be utilized. as much as possible for their prosperity and welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution, because there is no central government or local government policy that reflects the existence of the Togutil tribe as the most important part in the management of natural resources. The conclusion of this socialization activity received a positive response from the community, marked by the start of the drafting of a regional regulation with support from local academics and other related parties so that indigenous peoples will receive legal certainty over their rights.

Integrating human and ecological dimensions: The importance of stakeholders' perceptions and participation on the performance of fisheries co-management in Chile.

Increasing attention is paid to the interdependence between the ecological and human dimensions to improve the management of natural resources. Understanding how artisanal fishers see and use the common-pool resources in a co-management system may hold the clue to establishing effective coastal fisheries policies or strengthening existing ones. A more comprehensive planning of the system will also have a bearing on how to reduce conflicts and strengthen social networks. We surveyed artisanal fishers and decision-makers to determine their perceptions about the Management and Exploitation Areas of Benthic Resources (known as MEABR) in Chile's Biobio region. We performed a field study from November 2018 to August 2019, applying a set of questionnaires to determine the ecological and human attributes that contribute to MEABR outcomes, and then constructed composite scores for those attributes according to a multidimensional scaling technique ("Rapfish"). We find that fishers have different perspectives: surprisingly, women highlighted that the institutional dimension was the most influential on MEABR performance, whereas men highlighted the ecological and economic outcomes. The decision-makers' role in the MEABR system was considered adequate, but communication and socialization of regulations were irregular. Results also showed that fishers expressed dissatisfaction with illegal fishing practices (poaching), productivity, profits, and conflicts inside and outside the MEABRs. Our study allowed us to better understand how the MEABR has developed in the region. We recommend strengthening local management strategies with particular attention paid to networking among stakeholders, including gender inclusive relationships.

Olly: A tangible for togetherness

• Olly is a sonic e-textile tangible to foster social play and self-regulation. • Olly was tested with a group of children with autism who like music for an average of 24 minutes, once per week, over five weeks in specialized school. • Olly's affordance eased children to gather together around one artifact and interact with each other. • Olly offered open-ended playful opportunities within a semi-structured environment that were positively experienced by the children. This research explores how tangible interactive technology might offer opportunities for socialization and sensory regulation. We present a study carried out in an educational setting during leisure activities with a small group of children with autism who like music. We introduce Όλοι (pronounced Olly), a sonic textile Tangible User Interface (TUI) designed around the observations of five minimally verbal children with autism aged between 5-10 years. The TUI was tested for an average of 24 minutes once per week, over a period of five weeks in a specialized school based in North-East London, UK. We propose a methodological approach that embraces diversity and promotes designs that support repetitive movements and self-regulation to provide the children with a favorable environment and tools to socialize with peers. The findings show positive outcomes with regards to spontaneous social interactions between peers particularly when children interacted with or around Olly. These were observed in the form of eye-contact, turn-taking, sharing (of the space, the object and experience), and more complex social play dynamics like associative and cooperative play. We illustrate how the TUI was a positive stimulus of social behaviors and discuss design implications for novel technologies that aim to foster shared experiences between children with autism.

Parental Socialization of Emotion and Psychophysiological Arousal Patterns in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at considerable risk for difficulties with emotion regulation and related functioning. Although it is commonly accepted that parents contribute to adaptive child regulation, as indexed by observable child behavior, theory and recent evidence suggest that parenting may also influence relevant underlying child physiological tendencies. The current study examined concurrent associations between two elements of parental socialization of emotion and measures of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity in 61 children with ASD aged 6 to 10years. To index parental socialization, parents reported on their reactions to their children's negative emotions, and parental scaffolding was coded from a dyadic problem-solving task. Children's baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), electrodermal reactivity (EDA-R), and RSA reactivity in response to challenge were obtained as measures of the children's physiological activity. Regression analyses indicated that supportive parent reactions were related to higher child baseline RSA, a biomarker of regulatory capacity. Fewer unsupportive parent reactions and higher quality scaffolding were associated with higher EDA-R, a physiological index of inhibition. The identification of these concurrent associations represents a first step in understanding the complex and likely bidirectional interplay between parent socialization and child physiological reactivity and regulation in this high-risk population.

A cohort sequential study of adolescent emotion regulation and developmental psychopathology (4): An interaction between parental and peer emotion socialization and emotion regulation.

A cohort sequential study of adolescent emotion regulation and developmental psychopathology (4): An interaction between parental and peer emotion socialization and emotion regulation.

Maternal Substance Use and Child Emotion Regulation: The Mediating Role of Parent Emotion Socialization

Children of substance-dependent caregivers are at significantly increased risk for emotion regulation deficits, yet little is known about the role of parent emotion socialization in this process. Given the strong link between parent emotion socialization and child emotion regulation in both community and other at-risk samples, our goal was to examine this mechanism within the high-risk clinical context of maternal drug use. We examined parent emotion socialization as a risk mechanism underlying child emotion regulation deficits among young children of substance-dependent mothers. We focused on supportive, non-supportive, and degree of consistency in parental reactions to children’s emotions during episodes of maternal drug use. We employed a multisite design and conducted interviews with mothers in substance abuse treatment who had children ages 3–8 years. We employed structural equation modeling to test three unique dimensions of parent emotion socialization as mediators of the relation between maternal substance use and child emotion regulation. Findings supported a mediated risk mechanism such that more severe impairment related to maternal substance use predicted higher levels of non-supportive reactions to children’s negative emotions which, in turn, predicted poorer child emotion regulation. Furthermore, when controlling for the potential co-mediating effect of parenting behaviors more generally, we found that general parenting style did not co-mediate this relationship, indicating specificity in this risk mechanism uniquely related to parent emotion socialization. Prevention and treatment implications suggest that non-supportive emotion socialization behaviors may be an appropriate target for supporting children’s emotion regulation within contexts of maternal substance use.

Implementation of Discipline Character Education in Early Childhood (Mul-ti-Site Study in Tunas Bangsa and Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Integrated Early Childhood Education at Golf Landasan Ulin)

The research aims to describe and analyze the Planning, Strategy, and Evaluation of the implementation of disciplined character education in Tunas Bangsa Integrated PAUD and Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Golf Integrated Course in Ulin. The results showed: Planning involves foundations, principals, teachers, and education personnel, to formulate policies, set regulations, through meetings, involve parents, and be socialized at the beginning of the school year. Referring to the 2013 Curriculum, 9 pillars of character and K4 from IHF, training, are integrated in the implementation of learning. Implementation strategy: socialization of regulations, integrated in every lesson. Through habituation, example, protecting attitude, caring, caring, punishment, rewards (consequences), motivation, and consistency. The constraints to its application are in the family and school environment. Evaluation of school regulations by the Foundation, school principals, teachers and educators by identifying problems, deliberations, gathering information, determining solution criteria (follow-up) according to the school's vision, mission, goals. Evaluation of aspects of learning: observation, checklist, daily notes, anecdotes