Social Activities Research Articles

Managerial insight on triple bottom line reporting – an analysis of the Indian banking sector

Purpose Reporting on triple bottom line (TBL) practices has emerged as an essential aspect in banking sector due to evolving social and environmental concerns. Engaging in social and environmental activities is a strategic means to uphold dynamic alliances with stakeholders and eventually attain sustainable development. Furthermore, perception towards social and environmental practices is strategic to satisfy stakeholders’ interests. This paper aims to examine managers’ perception about reporting on social-environmental performance and its impact on financial performance (FP) in Indian banking sector. Research further assesses moderating effect of gender and experience in influencing the relationship between the constructs and also determines importance and performance of the constructs. Design/methodology/approach A well-structured questionnaire was distributed to 400 bank managers across India’s public, private, regional-rural, foreign and cooperative banks. The collected data were analysed through Smart PLS structural equation modelling. The moderating effect of demographics of bank managers in influencing the relationship was assessed using PLS-multi-group analysis (MGA). Besides, importance performance map analysis (IPMA) was used to understand the importance and performance of the constructs. Findings Findings indicate that bank managers believe that social and environmental activities strengthen relations between banks and stakeholders, resulting in better FP, thereby endorsing the stakeholder theory. Results of MGA suggest that gender and experience of bank managers are not effectual moderators in determining relationship between the constructs. Using IPMA, findings advocate that managers perceive environmental performance as a relatively high performance and a more important construct in influencing FP than social performance. Social implications Research would pave the way for banks to effectively communicate their commitment to sustainable development goals, engage stakeholders and demonstrate their commitment to creating positive social and environmental impacts. Furthermore, managerial perceptions can have a marked effect on customers’ understanding of social and environmental practices. This may influence customer satisfaction, conviction, commitment and constancy. Besides, a better understanding of the performance on social and environmental aspects over and above the FP of banks would facilitate the investors to make more informed and effectual decisions. Originality/value Considering the paucity of studies on the managerial perception of social and environmental activities and determining how the perception affects financial success, this study makes significant contribution to the literature. It would facilitate banks to design appropriate strategies and legislations to incorporate reporting on TBL practices for improved performance analysis. This would eventually ensure profitability along with sustainability in the Indian banking sector.

The Impact of Functionality and Psychological Outcome on Social Engagement 3-months after Intracerebral Hemorrhage

BackgroundAlthough it is well-known that intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with physical and psychological morbidity, there is scant data on factors influencing social engagement after ICH. Understanding the relationship between functionality, psychological outcome and social engagement post-bleed may facilitate identification of patients at high risk for social isolation after ICH. MethodsPatients ≥18-years-old with non-traumatic ICH from January 2015-March 2023 were identified from the Neurological Emergencies Outcomes at NYU (NEON) registry. Data on discharge functionality were collected from the medical record. 3-months post-bleed, patients/their legally-authorized representatives (LARs) were contacted to complete Neuro-QoL social engagement, anxiety, depression, and sleep inventories. Patients were stratified by ability to participate in social roles and activities (good=T-score>50, poor=T-score≤50) and satisfaction with social roles and activities (high=T-score>50 and low=T-score≤50). Univariate comparisons were performed to evaluate the relationship between post-bleed social engagement and both functionality and psychological outcome using Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s Exact test, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Multivariate logistic regression was subsequently performed using variables that were significant on univariate analysis (p<0.05). ResultsThe social engagement inventories were completed for 55 patients with ICH; 29 (53%) by the patient alone, 14 (25%) by a LAR alone, and 12 (22%) by both patient and LAR. 15 patients (27%) had good ability to participate in social roles and activities and 10 patients (18%) had high satisfaction with social roles and activities. Social engagement was associated with both functionality and psychological outcome on univariate analysis, but on multivariate analysis, it was only related to functionality; post-bleed ability to participate in social roles and activities was associated with discharge home, discharge GCS score, discharge mRS score, and discharge NIHSS score (p<0.05) and post-bleed satisfaction with social roles and activities was related to discharge mRS score and discharge NIHSS score (p<0.05). ConclusionIn patients with nontraumatic ICH, social engagement post-bleed was related to discharge functionality, even when controlling for depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance.

Participation in Social and Community Life Before and After Spinal Cord Injury/Disease: Factors Influencing Changes in Short-Term and Long-Term Participation.

Examining changes in participation frequency (productive, leisure, and social activities) from pre-spinal cord injury/disorder to at least 2 yrs post-spinal cord injury/disorder and identifying sociodemographic and spinal cord injury/disorder characteristics associated with significant shifts in participation frequency. The study used a longitudinal design, using data from the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort study. Pre-spinal cord injury/disorder participation frequency was assessed retrospectively 12 wks after spinal cord injury/disorder and prospectively 1 and at least 2 yrs after spinal cord injury/disorder. Linear mixed-effects model trees were used to identify subgroups with participation changes and related sociodemographic and spinal cord injury/disorder characteristics. The study involved 550 individuals (median age at spinal cord injury/disorder onset: 53 yrs, 30% female, 63.9% with traumatic etiology, and 5.6 yrs since onset). Pronounced decrease was observed prominently in productive activities. Education and age at spinal cord injury/disorder onset served as initial variables to split the tree at first level for each of the participation dimensions. This research identified participation dimensions most susceptible to changes during the initial years after spinal cord injury/disorder and pinpointed subgroups displaying clinically meaningful longitudinal variations across productive, leisure, and social activities. These findings have the potential to enhance the efficiency of rehabilitation programs, leading to improvements in long-term participation levels for individuals with spinal cord injury/disorder.

“Our earth, it's like it's in a toaster”: Creative, figurative and narrative interactions in interviews with lower secondary school students about climate activism

Previous studies have identified the use of metaphor and metonymy in contexts of youth-led climate protests and social media activism. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews to investigate how secondary school students in England make sense of different creative uses of metaphor and metonymy in a sample of slogans shared on social media for the Global Climate Strikes and #FridaysForFuture. For analysing students' responses, we produced a coding scheme to unpack the relationship between figurative interpretation and narrative. The findings suggest that different creative uses (e.g. twice-true, juxtaposition and personification) prompted different kinds of thinking about climate change and its relevance to students’ personal lives. The study has implications for research on figurative creativity, narrative, and climate change education.

“It feels like a parallel universe.” Worldbuilding through climate action

ABSTRACT This study set out to explore the everyday experiences of people engaged in climate action. We focus not on one specific self-defined and bounded social movement, but on individuals engaging in different forms of climate action from protest and direct action to art and social media activism. Data were drawn from focus groups and interviews with 26 UK-based climate actors to explore motivations, experiences, emotions, conflicts and successes. Participants included scientists, artists, civil servants, community organisers, media, school students and teachers. Different ways of doing and experiencing climate action were found. Drawing on literature from science fiction and game studies, we argue that these different approaches to climate action can be conceptualised as worldbuilding. Climate action as worldbuilding consists of three key features: intentionality, separation and creating new norms. We conclude that worldbuilding is an inclusive conceptualisation as it makes space for different approaches to climate action, and allows for tensions within and between climate action movements to be viewed as a resource for learning, imagining and bringing into being preferred futures together. The study demonstrates how social movement research in the context of game design can contribute to the theorisation of activism through the production of a cultural artefact.

Arts and psychomotor therapies in personality disorder treatment: An appropriate therapeutic entrance to personal development: A commentary.

Personality disorders (PD) are based not just on maladaptive ideas about self and others, they also are grounded on embodied patterns of behaviors and reactions to interpersonal stressors. There is growing interest in working with the body and through the body so to address automatisms that lead to suffering and dysfunctional social action. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In-Session the use of art and psychomotor therapies for these patients was explored by seven different clinical perspectives. Patients described presented with different PD and associated symptoms. The arts and psychomotor therapies deployed in personality disorder treatment are: (visual) art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy, dance (movement) therapy, and psychomotor therapy making psychotherapeutic use of the different modalities: art, music, play, role-play, performance, improvisation, dance, body awareness and movement. Interventions provide kinesthetic, sensory, perceptual, and symbolic opportunities to invite alternative modes of meaning-making, accessing own needs and wishes, and communicating them to others. In this commentary we summarize some of the different topics covered by the clinical-based papers, including working mechanisms of arts and psychomotor therapies, the importance of bottom-up emotion regulation processes, how to treat trauma in the presence of a PD, how to integrate art and psychomotor therapies in a fine-grained formulation and how to understand the process of change. Although there is a need for more empirical research, we hope this issue makes a solid case that clinicians can effectively include art and psychomotor therapies when treating the full range of PD.

Examining the nonlinear relationships between park attributes and satisfaction with pocket parks in Chengdu

Pocket parks have become a popular intervention for improving urban residents’quality of life. Although previous studies have investigated how park attributes contribute to user satisfaction, most assume that they have a (generalized) linear relationship. The assumption may understate the importance of parking attributes that are nonlinearly associated with park satisfaction and misestimate the effects of other attributes, yielding flawed implications for park planning and design. In this study, we employed linear regression and gradient boosting decision trees sequentially on data from Chengdu, a typical large and developing city aiming to become a Garden City by 2035, to examine the associations between park satisfaction and park attributes, which were measured on a five-point scale. Both models showed that the most important correlate of park satisfaction is entrance location, followed by footpath design, trees and shrubs, safety, flowers, convenience for social activities, and greenness.Moreover, some attributes are nonlinearly related to park satisfaction. For instance,green spaces and flowers greatly contribute to park satisfaction only when they perform well (i.e., their performance scores exceed Scale 3 of the five-point scale).The attribute of trees and shrubs diminishes park satisfaction substantially only when its performance is inferior (i.e., its score is lower than Scale 3). Furthermore, some seemingly unimportant attributes (such as recreational facilities and park maintenance) impose a non-trivial detrimental impact on park satisfaction when park users are extremely dissatisfied with the attributes (i.e., their performance scores are at the lowest level). The nonlinear relationships offer nuanced insights on the design of small public parks in densely developed urban areas.

고등학생의 디지털 리터러시 태도 양상 및 학생역량과의 관계 분석

Objectives The purposes of this tudy was conducted to identify the aspects of digital literacy attitudes according to various student variables of high school students in Gyeonggi Province and to explore the relationship between digital literacy attitude factors and student competency. Methods A t-test and F-test were conducted to examine the differences in digital literacy attitudes according to gender, reading amount, academic performance, study time, and electronic device usage time (for academic and career development, leisure, and social activities) among 4,981 high school students who participated in the Gyeonggi Province School Education Survey in 2022. In addition, a stepwise regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence between the sub-factors of digital literacy attitude and cognitive, social, autonomous, and core competencies. Results The results of the mean analysis showed that female students had more positive digital literacy attitudes than male students, and the higher their academic performance and the more time they spent studying, the more positive they were. In addition, when electronic devices were used for academic and career development, the more positive the digital literacy attitudes were as the usage time increased, but when they were used for leisure and social activities, the digital literacy attitudes of the group that used electronic devices were more positive than those of the group that did not use electronic devices. The results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that cognitive and autonomous competencies had a positive effect on digital literacy attitudes in the order of ‘self-effi-cacy &gt; self-regulation &gt; ethics’, while social competencies and core competencies had a positive effect on digital literacy attitudes in the order of ‘self-efficacy &gt; ethics &gt; self-regulation’. Conclusions This study is meaningful in that it is an empirical study that can contribute to deriving educational plans for forming positive digital literacy attitudes in high school students, but follow-up studies are needed to generalize the results.

Eco-Environmental Quality Assessment of Two Seasons Based on Pressure-State-Response Framework by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Determining the urbanization and sustainable development rate in Kirkuk City and Taza District (a town located in a suburb of Kirkuk) requires an evaluation of its ecological environment quality (EEQ). This study aims to determine the ecological index (El) and assess it using the popular pressure-state-response (PSR) method based on a set of statistical and remote sensing indicators. The indicators developed by remote sensing data were obtained using Sentinel-2 satellite images to measure the quality of the environment. As new and modern technical assistance for long-term, comprehensive mapping, monitoring through GIS techniques, and the comparison of the Ecological Index in 2023 of the spring and autumn seasons, these indicators provide a basis for decision-making related to sustainable development. It demonstrates the primary relationship between human activity and health under various weather circumstances and contrasts them. It also reveals that the ecological situation is healthier in spring than in autumn (these two seasons are considered transmission periods) due to meteorological conditions, social activities, and economic activity.

Mendekatkan Rumput Laut ke Masyarakat: Program Sosialisasi dan Pendidikan untuk Peningkatan Ekonomi Desa Ulidang, Majene

Ulidang Village, part of the Tameroddo Sub-district, has excellent potential in the fisheries and marine sector, although it still faces significant economic challenges. The potential of seaweed as a marine resource that has yet to be fully utilized is the focus of this activity. The main objective is to provide comprehensive counseling on the potential of seaweed, including cultivation methods, nutritional content, and business management aspects. This activity's implementation stage starts with planning, program implementation, and evaluation. The research results showed that socialization efforts, including explanations of seaweed potential, business management, and farming profit simulations, have provided the community with a deep understanding. The pretest and post-test evaluations illustrated the improvement in participants' understanding after the socialization activities. Thus, the development of seaweed farming in Ulidang Village can be a solution to improve community welfare, create jobs, and care for the marine environment. Strategic steps include strong partnerships, community empowerment, and adoption of innovations to ensure the sustainability of seaweed farming at the local and national levels.

Implementasi Penegakan Hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2014 terhadap Perlindungan Hukum dan Kendalanya pada Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa di Kota Semarang

The number of people with mental disorders in Semarang City continues to increase. The large number of people with mental disorders in Semarang needs to be addressed seriously to prevent causing discomfort in social activities. Therefore, the author compiled a journal titled "Implementation of Law Enforcement Law Number 18 of 2014 concerning Legal Protection and Constraints on People with Mental Disorders in Semarang City." This journal aims to uncover issues related to how the implementation of Law Number 18 of 2014 on law enforcement against legal protection for people with mental disorders in Semarang City and what factors cause people to experience mental disorders in Semarang City. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a socio-legal juridical approach. The data used in this study was obtained using data collection techniques through interviews conducted with Mrs. Lela Dwipayana, S.H. as the Social Rehabilitation Staff of the PMKS Guidance Service Sub-Coordinating Social Welfare Services. The results of this study found that Law Number 18 of 2014 on Mental Health has protected people with mental disorders by being handled by the Social Service in Semarang City.

Pengaruh Ekaristi Pada Kehidupan Umat; Penelitian Di Keuskupan Agung Palembang Dan Keuskupan Agung Makassar

The church considers that the Eucharist and the daily life of Christians are an inseparable unity. Active participation in the Eucharist is not limited only to liturgical rituals alone but should also be reflected in the daily lives of Christians. In this study, the author aims to examine the significance of the Eucharist as lived by the faithful in receiving the body of Christ in everyday life. This study was conducted using quantitative methods to answer the research question: Does receiving the body of Christ help the faithful realize their faith in everyday life? Various questions were posed to respondents via Google Form. The results showed that in the Archdiocese of Palembang and the Archdiocese of Makassar, receiving the body of Christ has a significant impact on daily life. This sacrament fosters a sense of solidarity and togetherness among the faithful and even encourages active participation in social activities and community service. Thus, it is hoped that the results of this study will inspire the faithful in other dioceses to better appreciate the meaning of the Eucharist in everyday life.

Analysis of the Effect of Insufficient Community Engagement in Land Registration through the Lens of Sunaryati Hartono's Typology of Legal Culture

Abstract: This research discusses the factors that cause low community participation in land registration in Sukoanyar Village and the impacts caused, as well as efforts made by the village government to improve land registration. We employ a juridical sociological research method, examining actual community situations to gather necessary facts and data. The findings demonstrated that Sukoanyar Village's low land registration phenomenon remains rooted in a pre-conventional legal culture. This is evident in the community's local customs, which include the conviction that they possess physical control over their land, negating the need for a certificate, their egocentric interests, and their disinterest in government land registration initiatives. The low interest of the community in registering land has several impacts on the certainty of their land rights, including uncertainty of ownership, proneness to disputes, and limited utilization of land ownership rights. In response to this phenomenon, the Sukoanyar Village government made several efforts to improve land registration in the village, including (a) conducting extension and socialization activities involving all villagers to increase public understanding of the importance of land certification and (b) participating in the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program conducted by the government through ATR/BPN. Keywords: Community Participation, Land Registration, Legal Culture, Land Certificate.

Playing sport as a central-line carrier: a survey to collect the European pediatric intestinal failure centers' view.

The administration of home parenteral nutrition improves quality of life for patients with intestinal failure, thus fostering their will to actively participate to social activities. Nevertheless, sports participation can be risky for patients with a central venous catheter (CVC). Despite literature thoroughly proving the positive impact of sports on motor-psychosocial development, no consistent evidence assessing its role on central-line complications is available. This study aimed to report the European centers' approach to children with intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition and interested in playing sports, further assessing complications and how to prevent them. A questionnaire focusing on children with intestinal failure regarding physical activity was circulated to 20 centers. Questions assessed the centers' policy for CVC management, the sports-related recommendations for patients on home parenteral nutrition and complication rates. Sixteen (80%) centers filled in the questionnaire. Twelve centers reported not to have a standardized formal protocol for catheter care during sports. All centers encouraged patients to perform mild/moderate exercise, whereas high-contact sports were allowed by one center only. Specific dressings were suggested to protect the vascular access device, especially for water sports. Only one sports-related complication (rupture) was reported. This survey emphasizes that sports should not be restricted in patients with intestinal failure and represents a blueprint for sports-related recommendations for these patients. Prospective studies assessing complication rates are advisable to ensure an improved access to sports for these patients.

Voluntrip atau Voluntrap? Mengungkap Permasalahan Etis dalam Voluntourism for Profit: Studi Kasus Project Bakti Milenial #6 Banda Neira

This study examined the ethical concerns related to profit-driven voluntourism, specifically highlighting Project Bakti Millenial #6 in Banda Neira. The study sought to elucidate the ethical issues and obstacles inherent in voluntourism, emphasizing the intricacies of merging voluntary activity with commercially-driven tourism activities, which was termed a 'voluntrap'. This study offered a comprehensive examination of the ethical implications and repercussions of such programs and delivered a critical analysis of Project Bakti Millenial #6 as a case study. This research revealed that the complexities stemming from the commercialization of voluntourism underscore ethical concerns, including deceptive claims, information manipulation, and business practices that commodify social activities, thereby necessitating a heightened sense of responsibility in fulfilling the altruistic objectives of voluntourism. Organizing voluntourism necessitates the active involvement of local communities, financial transparency, ethical education, partnership with qualified entities, and enhanced communication to assure sustainability, foster trust, and prevent future issues.

College Amenities Application (CampusIn)

Abstract—In the digital age, enhancing student experience and academic success through efficient services is essential for modern educational institutions. The College Amenities application serves as a comprehensive, multifunctional platform that integrates various aspects of academics into one seamless system. It offers a range of services, including food ordering, where students can conveniently browse menus, place orders, and track deliveries; event showcasing, which keeps students informed about campus events, workshops, social activities and placement information, providing access to job opportunities, internships, and career resources. Additionally, the application features like secure document storage, enabling students to organize and retrieve academic materials such as notes, assignments, and research papers with ease. By combining these features, the application improves campus connectivity, enhances student engagement, and supports academic and professional growth, making it a valuable tool for fostering a more efficient and interactive campus experience. Keywords: Service Automation, Campus dining, Event Registration, Placement Automation, File Storage.

Pengaruh Perencanaan Program Kesiswaan Terhadap Pengembangan Karakter Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

The student program, which includes extracurricular activities, student organizations, and social activities, plays an important role in supporting the character development of students. This research aims to analyze the influence of student participation in extracurricular programs on character development at SMPN Sijunjung. This study employs a quantitative method with a survey approach and cross-sectional design. The research sample consists of 200 students randomly selected from several middle schools in Sijunjung. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire to measure students' perceptions of their participation in student programs and character development. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical tests, specifically Pearson correlation, using SPSS software. The research results indicate that students' participation in student programs is positively and significantly related to their character development, with a Pearson correlation value of r = 0.65. Sports extracurricular programs have the strongest influence on character development, followed by student organizations. More frequent participation in student activities is also associated with a higher level of character development. This research suggests the need for an improvement in the quality of student programs and stronger support from teachers, parents, and school authorities to maximize the positive impact on students' character

Improving Taxpayer Understanding in the UIN Salatiga Community Through e-SPT Filing Assistance Program

Research Aims: The general goal of this community service research is to provide assistance in filling out e-SPT for the academic community and surrounding residents of UIN Salatiga, analyze the effectiveness of the assistance program, and analyze the constructs of the TAM theory, which includes perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technology perception, and intention to use e-SPT. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a combination of experimental-quantitative methods with primary data. The experimental method is conducted by comparing the participants' answers to tax-related questions and the technical aspects of filling out SPT before and after the assistance program. The quantitative method with primary data is applied by analyzing the participants' perception questionnaires regarding the usefulness, ease of use, perception of e-SPT technology, and intention to use e-SPT, both before and after the assistance program. The experimental method in this study will use a 2x2 between-subject factorial design. A saturated sample will be used in this research, with a total of 49 participants, comprising members of the academic community and the surrounding residents of UIN Salatiga. Research Findings: The socialization and assistance activities for filling out e-SPT proved to be effective, able to increase respondents' positive perceptions of the usefulness and ease of e-SPT, and were able to enhance the academic community's interest in using e-SPT as a tax reporting platform. However, the perception of usefulness did not influence the academic community's interest in using e-SPT, while the perception of ease of use and technological attitude were able to influence the interest in using e-SPT among the academic community of UIN Salatiga. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study provides both practical and theoretical contributions. Practically, it is expected that the assistance in filling out e-SPT will increase the understanding of the academic community and the surrounding residents of UIN Salatiga regarding taxation in general and the technical aspects of filling out e-SPT in particular. Theoretically, this study can contribute additional literature in the field of community service and taxation.

Water Drops

This article examines how individuals of diverse cultural backgrounds in Norway participate in anti-racist activism via social media. It investigates the nature of digital activism compared to traditional paradigms, highlighting the varied forms of engagement enabled by digital technology. Drawing on nine months of ethnographic fieldwork among individuals in the arts and cultural sector, it reveals how seemingly minor actions on social media can spark organized activism, unveiling the political activism inherent in daily life and social media practices. The article argues that individuals not identifying as political activists still contribute to political change through everyday social media activities, suggesting that contemporary activism can exist without activists. Introducing the metaphor of ‘water drops’ the article conceptualizes everyday politics as small contributions that may collectively shape meaningful change. Small acts can be merely drops in a vast ocean without major significance. However, if sustained over time, efforts across disparate online spaces can coalesce to challenge and subvert dominant social narratives regarding difference, racism, discrimination, and exclusion. Thus, contemporary activism can thrive with ordinary people who contribute to collective social transformation through digital and mundane interactions.

AI-driven personalization framework for SMES: Revolutionizing customer engagement and retention

In today's competitive business landscape, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face unique challenges in building and maintaining strong customer relationships. An AI-driven personalization framework offers a transformative solution by enabling SMEs to deliver highly targeted and individualized customer experiences, improving both engagement and retention rates. This review outlines how artificial intelligence (AI) can empower SMEs by integrating data-driven insights with customer interaction processes to revolutionize business practices. AI-driven personalization leverages machine learning algorithms, natural language processing (NLP), and predictive analytics to analyze customer behaviors, preferences, and feedback. By aggregating data from various sources—such as online interactions, purchase histories, and social media activity—AI can generate personalized recommendations, offers, and communication strategies that resonate with individual customers. The framework facilitates dynamic customer segmentation, allowing SMEs to tailor marketing efforts and enhance service delivery. The personalization process also extends beyond marketing by optimizing customer support through AI-powered chatbots and recommendation systems, which provide real-time solutions and advice. This level of personalization fosters stronger emotional connections, increasing customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Additionally, AI-driven insights enable SMEs to anticipate customer needs, predict churn rates, and proactively address potential issues, thereby boosting retention rates. For SMEs, the implementation of an AI-driven personalization framework is not only cost-effective but scalable, making it accessible even to businesses with limited resources. As SMEs increasingly adopt digital tools, the integration of AI-based personalization becomes essential for staying competitive in a rapidly evolving market. This review highlights the potential of AI in transforming customer engagement strategies for SMEs by offering a tailored, efficient, and sustainable approach to enhancing customer experiences.