Social Welfare Problems Research Articles

Optimizing the Role of DKI Jakarta Province Social Services: Efforts to Prevent Child Exploitation for Begging

Children are one of the gifts given by God who will continue the ideals of the nation, therefore children must be protected from all forms of exploitation. This research focuses on the role of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Social Service in eradicating the exploitation of children to become beggars in DKI Jakarta Province and its optimization efforts. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory regulatory approach; primary materials in the form of statutory regulations; Secondary materials include books, journals and legal articles. The qualitative data that was obtained was analyzed using descriptive writing techniques. The results of the research that has been carried out show that based on Article 6 of Governor Regulation Number 169 of 2014 concerning Handling Patterns for People with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS), the PMKS handling pattern carried out by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Social Service is divided into 4 (four) stages, namely prevention efforts, provision of social welfare services, guidance and further guidance. However, in its implementation, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Social Service can be more assertive in providing guidance to economically disadvantaged communities as an effort to reduce cases of exploitation of children to become beggars.

Peran Satuan Bakti Pekerja Sosial dalam Penanganan Kasus Anak Terlantar di Kota Kupang Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia

Abandoned children are a type of social welfare problem where the child's physical, mental and spiritual conditions are not met. Social workers have an important role in handling cases of abandoned children in accordance with Indonesian laws and regulations. This research aims to determine the role of the social work service unit in handling cases of abandoned children as well as the challenges and obstacles faced in handling cases of abandoned children. This research uses empirical research methods that are empirical juridical in nature. The sample was selected by purposive sampling, data collection techniques used interviews, observation and documentation review. Social workers strive to rescue children from dangerous environments, help provide temporary shelter if necessary, and collaborate with various parties to ensure the safety and welfare of children, in providing protection for abandoned children social workers identify children who are at risk of experiencing neglect, exploitation or violence, this is done through surveys, direct interactions, or reports from other parties, after identifying children at risk, social workers carry out an in-depth evaluation of their situation by conducting an assessment. The results of the research on the role of social workers in handling abandoned children, namely companions as facilitators and counselors, as service providers or liaisons and advocates, however there are several obstacles and challenges faced, namely unclear identity of children, complex conditions of children's families, long legal processes, limited resources and lack of public awareness.

The Indonesian Government’s Dilemma in Repatriating Former ISIS Members: Balancing Advocacy, Citizenship Status, and Human Rights

Indonesian Government confronts a multifaceted challenge in repatriating former ISIS members, necessitating a delicate equilibrium between advocacy, citizenship status, and human rights principles. International conventions uphold the fundamental right to nationality, articulated in Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, yet over 500 former ISIS members from Indonesia remain stranded in Syria, having illegally departed and destroyed their official documentation. While several countries in Southeast Asia and Europe have undertaken repatriation efforts under rigorous conditions, Indonesia faces a quandary. These individuals do not qualify as People with Social Welfare Problems under domestic law, complicating their reintegration. This classification divergence conflicts with international obligations requiring nations to accept and restore nationality to their citizens, notwithstanding their affiliation with extremist groups not recognized as refugees by the UNHCR. This paper delves into the legal and humanitarian imperatives compelling Indonesia to address this issue. It examines international frameworks and national legislation to argue for the necessity of repatriation, while also exploring the preventive and repressive measures Indonesia employs. Balancing the imperative to safeguard human rights with national security concerns presents a formidable task, demanding a nuanced approach that ensures compliance with international standards while safeguarding domestic stability and security.

The representation of indigenous children in policies in Indonesia

AbstractAccording to the Indonesian Child Protection Law, Number 35/2014, the group of children that should receive special protection are minorities and isolated children; this includes Indigenous children who mostly live in remote areas. Under this law, Indigenous children gain special protection, including facilities to share their cultural practices, practice their beliefs, and use their language. This article aimed to describe how Indigenous children have been represented in selected policies in Indonesia. The first step of a policy analysis approach known as “What's the problem represented to be” (WPR), introduced by Carol Bacchi in her book “Analysing policy: What's the problem represented to be?” in 2009, was applied to examine how Indigenous children in Indonesia are represented in six significant policies. Findings from the analysis indicate that the government of Indonesia acknowledges Indigenous rights. However, the policies describe Indigenous children as vulnerable and linked to social welfare problems. Social work core values state that respect for the dignity and worth of all human beings, promotion of welfare or well‐being, and social justice should be extended to Indigenous children. To promote well‐being, it is argued that social workers must be given more opportunities to be involved in policymaking and advocacy for implementing Indigenous children's policies in Indonesia.

The Role of the Social Services and Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) of the East Java Provincial Social Service in Psychotic Services

This research study is to analyze the role of social service and rehabilitation centers for Persons with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) of the East Java Provincial Social Service in serving people with psychotics. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach, by conducting interviews, documentation and observation. The results of the research obtained show that: First, the Facilitative Role in services is to meet the basic needs of PMKS by meeting the needs of facilities and infrastructure as well as clothing and food needs for PMKS. Second, the role of education in services at the PMKS Center is currently very helpful for PMKS where various programs and training have been provided to improve the welfare of people with social welfare problems (PMKS). Third, the Representational Role in PMKS center services has collaborated with various institutions and agencies to obtain external resources for training to develop the potential of each different person. Fourth, the technical role in the PMKS center is very helpful in assessing needs for developing individual, group and community potential.

Optimization of social welfare in P2P community microgrid with efficient decentralized energy management and communication-efficient power trading

The primary objective of implementing a demand response (DR) program is to actively involve participants in maximizing social welfare by effectively reducing electricity demand, optimizing cost savings, and facilitating peer-to-peer (P2P) trading of surplus power between prosumers and consumers residing within a community. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to optimize the scheduling of home-controlled appliances, minimize overall electricity costs of the community, and prioritize participants' privacy by integrating non-cooperative energy game theory under time-of-use (TOU) tariffs and incentive schemes. The proposed Segmentation Based Distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (SBD-ADMM) is a novel algorithm that efficiently addresses the social welfare and participants' privacy problem in a decentralized distribution of power. It introduces a communication-efficient approach to optimize power trading while maximizing collective welfare, without relying on a central hub or authority. Node coloring is used in the formulation of the algorithm, in which every node just needs to trade with its neighbors in order to attain the entire optimum solutions. The suggested P2P trading algorithm is assessed on a broad range of scenarios, demonstrating its efficiency as well as fast convergence. The P2P trading algorithm provides similar optimum results with considerably a lesser number of communications and iterations as compared to other contemporary decentralized techniques. The suggested strategies for DR program and P2P trading are more feasible and privacy-preserving compared to other modern strategies. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that demand response and P2P trading can reduce overall costs for consumers by up to 30.23 % and for prosumers by up to 44.34 %.

Data privacy: From transparency to fairness

In recent years, data privacy has attracted increasing public concerns, especially with public scandals from top Internet companies, emerging over inappropriate data collection, lack of transparency in data usage, and manipulation of users' preferences. This has led to responsive efforts from multiple sectors of society to constrain the violation of individuals’ data privacy. Among these efforts, the regulations like GDPR are the most influential, which are believed to be able to change the foundation of the whole data ecosystem. The main concern of current regulation is data transparency, designed to enable individuals to make rational decisions about their data. However, I argue that transparency cannot mitigate a key issue of data privacy, which is the right of receiving benefits from data. This issue is getting severe with the rapid development of the data economy and will become the essential problem of social welfare and fairness in the AI era. I further point out that the key to solving this issue is to migrate the current centralized data utilization paradigm to a new decentralized paradigm. Based on the recent technical advancements, I propose an applicable pathway to implement such a paradigm. And to realize a fair and sustainable data eco-system, joint efforts should be made within this paradigm.

Peran Dinas Sosial terhadap Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PMKS) di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota

This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, in determining researcher informants using purposive sampling methods and techniques. Data collection techniques are carried out by interviews, observation, and documentation. In testing the validity of the data, researchers used method triangulation techniques. As for data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study conclude as follows; (1) The role of the Social Service towards people with social welfare problems (PMKS) in Fifty City District, namely (1) the role of facilitators by providing education and training to people with social welfare problems in order to improve their skills in overcoming problems and building independence. (2) the role of education carried out by raising awareness such as children facing the law (ABH). (3) representational roles by building partnerships. The representational role of the Fifty City District Social Office involves building partnerships with various parties, including NGOs, community organizations, and other related parties. (4) the technical role of the Fifty City District Social Office towards people with social welfare problems by providing social service delivery includes the provision of financial assistance, access to mental health services, housing services, counseling, and employment guidance. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors for the role of Social Services towards people with social welfare problems (PMKS) in Fifty City Regency are limited resources and lack of public awareness.

Occupational Therapy Making Salted Eggs On Improving Ability And Independence Of ODGJ

The need for social interaction is a basic human need, in minimizing social welfare problems, especially for people with disabilities, namely people with mental disorders, the role of an agency is needed, one of which is the Ngletih Community Health Center in Kediri. However, at the Ngletih Mental Health Center posyandu there are no activities that can improve the ability and independence of ODGJ. Seeing this problem, we provide a solution by providing occupational therapy as an effort to increase the independence of ODGJ at the Ngletih Health Center. The research activity aims to determine the increase in the ability and independence of ODGJ before and after being given occupational therapy to make salted eggs. The research was conducted at the Ngletih Mental Health Center Posyandu with 13 people who came. The method used is pre-experiment research with a one-group pretest-posttest design, data collection using questionnaires, analysis techniques using pre post data scale statistics. The results of the research that have been carried out produce an average value before treatment is 50.76 while the average ability to make salted eggs ODGJ after being given treatment or occupational therapy is 81.15 this proves that the ability to make salted eggs increases after the provision of salted egg making occupational therapy, so it can be concluded that the provision of occupational therapy to make salted eggs can increase the independence and ability of ODGJ in the Ngletih Puskesmas Mental Health Post.

Crisp-DM Implementation for Elderly Social Protection

In Jakarta, social assistance is available for specific categories of older adults but is given by Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT). Technical assistance is based on a database of beneficiaries and its mining due to the regulation registry. The sub-national social government maintains a Mining database. The author uses a database in one of the districts as a case study. The author uses Crisp DM to understand this social welfare problem because it has its logic of understanding, the logic and the details of pre-processing the data. Then, to decide, used a Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a model and tested it with cross-validation. To obtain the classification accuracy formed from the data processing results. This research aims to see the predictive results of the distribution of KLJ program assistance. Then, answer the form of modeling to create a decision system for the distribution of KLJ. For this reason, SVM is used to make decisions related to social assistance issues. In the SVM, which consists of two classes, it can be interpreted that one class contains “stop” while the other “receive”. However, there are offers bias in the data processing, with the "if" condition. The data processing reaches 100% accuracy and gets SVM kernel weight.

Implementasi Program Pemeliharaan Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (Studi Kasus UPTD Kampung Anak Negeri Wonorejo)

In implementing public policy for the care of children with social welfare problems (PMKS), it is necessary to plan strategically the reasons for the background of the initial problem of cases of violence against children. The city of Surabaya was selected as the highest population in East java, amounting to 595 children. Ratified by mayor regulation Number 61 of 2012 concerning organization of the technical implementation unit for the State Children’s village Service at the Surabaya City Social Service, PMKS maintenance is carried out with the acceptance process action (1) Contoling by Satpol PP (2) delegeted to the Pondok Social Keputih neighborhood, (3) identification data from the results of the raid on children with social problems in the city of Surabaya from information from related institutions (RT/RW/Lurah) from community members (4) acceptance and maintenance with physical and social environmental assessment officers UPTD and regulations that must obeyed.
 The objectives of this research are (1) to obtain research results from the successful implementation of the program (2)to obtain a collection of data representing the implementation of the program. The research method is qualitative research and theory by George C.Edward III.

The Analysis of Gender Inequality in Education in Nigeria

In recent years, the awareness of gender equality has been gradually awakened in peoples minds. Nigeria is one of the strongest countries in Africa but still faces problems of poverty, gender discrimination, and social welfare. The paper focuses on analyzing the gender inequality in education in Nigeria, its causes, and suggesting some possible solutions. Analyzing gender inequality in education in Nigeria will provide insight into the impact of ideology and policy on education and provide a new perspective on how gender inequality in education can be improved. The study was conducted through analysis and review of previous literature and comparative data analysis of the entire educational environment in Nigeria, from elementary schools to universities and even the academic sector as a whole. This thesis finds that although gender inequality in education in Nigeria has improved in recent decades, it remains a severe problem, not primarily due to deficiencies in policymaking but rather to the entrenchment of ideas and internalization of behaviors.

Penerapan Terapi Kelompok Teknik Self disclosure untuk Meningkatkan Penyesuaian Diri Anak Jalanan Di Panti Sosial

The Bina Insan Bangun Daya 2 Jakarta Social Institution is a social institution that providestemporary shelter for people with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) as a result of policing and socialoutreach and has the responsibility to provide motivation and social guidance for PMKS who willbe referred to related social institutions in accordance with the problem, either being returned tothe family or sent back to the place of origin. One of the PMKS in the community is street children;they are given guidance and provided with services and rehabilitation so that they can adjust to thecommunity environment and have the ability to start new businesses and no longer associateillegally and work on the streets; it's just that street children who are in Social Institutions. Aftercarrying out a psychological examination with clinical interviews, observation, psychological tests,and self-adjustment scales, it is known that WBS are less able to adapt, which is marked by beinglazy to follow various guidance and skills training, preferring to be alone, being unable to acceptoneself, and being lazy to get along. After doing group therapy with self-disclosure techniques, streetchildren begin to want to participate in activities, are calm and optimistic, and are able to socialise.The percentage increase in self-esteem averaged 27.9%.

Penerapan Terapi Realitas Teknik WDEP untuk Meningkatkan Penerimaan Diri WBS Panti Bina Insan Bangun Daya

The East Jakarta Bina Insan Bangun Daya II Social Institution itself accommodates various characteristics of peoplewith social welfare problems (PMKS) that disturb public order. Some of the WBS in the orphanage aresocioeconomically vulnerable women. Most of the WBS already have children, have been abandoned or divorced fromtheir husbands, and have uncertain jobs, so they end up on the street. Brought to an orphanage for training. However,during WBS coaching, they showed negative behaviours such as being emotionally unstable, irresponsible, difficultto accept circumstances, blaming themselves, and being alone. Calhoun and Acocella (1995) explain that selfacceptanceis related to a positive self-concept, and with a positive self-concept, a person can accept and understandfacts that are so different from himself. Self-acceptance is the ability to accept everything that is in oneself, both thestrengths and weaknesses that are possessed. To increase self-acceptance in WBS assisted by Reality Therapy withthe WDEP Technique, which was carried out in 10 sessions. The results of measuring self-acceptance used a selfacceptancescale based on Sheerer's theory (1957) in the form of a pre-test and post-test, resulting in findings of achange in self-acceptance in the WBS of 43% from the medium to high category.

An Empirical Study on Maltreatment of Children by Parents and its Effect on their Academics

Child maltreatment continues to be a major health and social welfare problem across the globe. In the Indias, millions of children from all socioeconomic backgrounds, across all ages, religions, and cultures are victims of child maltreatment every day and millions more are at risk. Research has consistently shown that exposure to child maltreatment in all its forms negatively affects the current and future educational performance and emotional and psychological well-being of children. The purpose of this paper is to provide a literature synthesis of the impact of child maltreatment on the educational and psychological well-being of students. Recommendations for educators working in school settings are provided.This paper discusses the maltreatment by parents among students. It discusses the pressure which students face during their academic years which leads them to problem. It discusses pressure due to peers, due to academics, financial pressures, parental expectations and other reasons for maltreatment. The aim of this research is to explore the primary reasons for maltreatment among parents and to analyze the awareness among the common people. The Empirical method was used to conduct this Non-Doctrinal research, using primary sources like questionnaires and surveys; and secondary sources like books and journals. The paper gives a deep understanding of the problems which students face which leads them to mental problems like depression and anxiety.

Strategi Penanganan Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PMKS) di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir (Studi Kasus Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa)

A person with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) is a family or community group who due to an obstacle, difficulty or disorder, is unable to carry out their social functions, so that they cannot meet their life needs (physical, spiritual, and social) adequately and reasonably, these obstacles, difficulties and disorders can be in the form of poverty, displacedness, disability, social decency, backwardness, alienation and environmental changes (suddenly) that are lacking supportive, such as the occurrence of disasters. Therefore, the Social Service as an element that organizes local government affairs with the authority of decentralization and deconcentration in the fields of protection, social security, services, social rehabilitation, social empowerment of the poor provides direct services to protect, redability and empower as well as meet the basic needs of PMKS. The purpose of this study is to find out how the strategy of handling people with mental disorders in Rokan Hilir and to find out the inhibiting factors in handling people with mental disorders in Rokan Hilir Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods, and data collection techniques, namely interviews and documentation. The Strategy for Caring for Persons with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) case study of People with Mental Disorders (ODGJ) in Rokan Hilir Regency, it can be concluded that the Stretegi currently carried out by the Social Service Office is already running, the focus of the strategy carried out is still on mental rehabilitation and although the program is running well, there are obstacles faced, namely the lack of funds and lack of community participation. This is explained in the indicators of the Mintzberg, Lampel, Quinn, Ghospal theory indicators, namely Objectives, Policies, Programs. But there are still inhibiting factors, namely the lack of budget for handling people with mental disorders (ODGJ) in Rokan Hilir Regency, lack of public understanding of the ODGJ Treatment Program. It is hoped that in the future the need to increase welfare and support for ODGJ aims to provide a focus in preventive efforts to prevent mental health problems, the allocation of funds from the Regional Government of Rokan Hilir Regency, especially for handling ODGJ, is expected to be more optimal and the Social Service is expected to be able to carry out outreach programs for ODGJ more evenly. 
 
 

Legal Politics of Social Workers Law as an Advocacy Effort of Social Workers

As the organizer of the realization of social welfare, the state has not been able to optimally overcome social changes, which have an impact on increasing the number and complexity of social welfare problems. With the arguments of humanity and the principle of mutual cooperation, some parties help the government, then are called social workers. To ensure their existence, social worker organizations in Indonesia initiated the formation of the Law on the Social Worker Profession. Law Number 14 of 2019 concerning Social Workers was formed. After the birth of this Law, some questions emerged whether the Law provided solutions to the problems faced by social workers in assisting social welfare, or with this Law, the state would be out of hand and emphasize the resolution of social problems to social workers. This study described the legal political conditions for forming this Law. This study answered the politics of the formation of Law Number 14 of 2019 and the challenges for Social Workers in Indonesia after the birth of the Law. Answering those problems, this study used—statute approach, historical approach, and conceptual approach, strengthened by some literature related to Law and social workers. Besides that, this study also used protection theory to assess the Law. This study also compared some regulations in some countries regarding social workers in some cases. In short, this study found that the strong historical background, the long existence of social workers in Indonesia, and the need for legal protection and certainty have become the reason for establishing Law No. 14, 2019. However, after the birth of the Law, challenges arose for social workers where their actualization was not easy and limited according to their profession and education. In addition, it is alleged that the Law could lead to malpractice because there are no sanctions. While in Australia, and USA, social worker laws give more space for social worker.

Peran Ganda Istri dalam Meningkatan Ekonomi Keluarga (Studi Deskriptif Pekerja Perempuan Peternakan Ayam Petelur di Desa Kandangan, Kecamatan Srengat, Kabupaten Blitar)

Social welfare problems arise because basic needs are not met due to the relatively small income of the husband. Most of the women who are in the laying hen farm environment choose to become laying hen farm laborers, due to low levels of education, limited employment opportunities, limited skills This study aims to describe and analyze the dual role of wives in improving the family economy. The approach in this research is qualitative with descriptive study research type. The technique of determining informants using purposive sampling with seven main informants and eight additional informants. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study describe the dual role of wives in improving the family economy which is divided into three, namely the dual role of wives, factors that influence the dual role of wives, and the role of wives in improving the family economy. The role of wives as laying hen farm laborers is influential in improving the family economy because the income received by the husband is felt to be unable to meet daily, so the wife wants to help earn additional income. With an increase in the family economy by 2.32% from before, the family welfare can be said to have increased.

Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Anak di Kota Pekalongan

Policies about effort Protection of Children beside Constitution Number 23 of 2002 in conjunction with Law Number 35 of 2014 on Child Protection in detail regulated by government regulations Number 59 of 2019 concerning Implementation of Coordination on Child Protection Problems with child protection The problem with child protection is that there are still many children who cannot enjoy their rights. This is proven in Central Java from the Central Java Statistics Agency (BPS) report, since 2021 there have been reports of complaints of neglected children totaling 10620 children having problems with law 451 and children who have been subject to acts of violence totaling 282. Data from the Pekalongan Dinkominfo Public Communication Team reported on January 14, 2022, there were 8 cases of violence against children. This research was conducted with the aim of explaining and analyzing the implementation of child protection in Pekalongan City Child Welfare Institutions (LKSA). This research uses a qualitative approach to solve the problems in this study, the descriptive method is related to the problems of Child Welfare Institutions (LKSA). The results explain that there are still many children with social welfare problems (PMKS) who need to get care at the Child Social Welfare Institution (LKSA) in Pekalongan City.

Empowerment of Psychotic Cases as an Effort to Restore Social Functioning for People with Social Welfare Problems (Case Study at the Sidoarjo Social Service and Rehabilitation Center)

Empowerment is a process to form empowered individuals over themselves. The empowerment model is one of the efforts to shape social functioning. The objectives of this study include two things. First, to find out the empowerment model applied by the Sidoarjo Social Service and Rehabilitation Center for people with psychotic type social welfare problems. Second, to determine the social functioning of people with psychotic type social problems after following the empowerment model. This research uses the ACTORS theory by Sarah Cook and Steve Macaulay supported the concept of social functioning. This research uses qualitative methods, case study approach. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The technique of determining informants uses purposive sampling. Miles and Huberman model data analysis. Data validity techniques use source triangulation. The results of this study show that the empowerment model applied to psychotic type PMKS by the Sidoarjo Social Service and Rehabilitation Center consists of guidance, mental and spiritual, social, and skill training programs. Based on the research conducted, the program can form social functioning in psychotic type PMKS. This happens to psychotic PMKS who are still in the hall or return to the family. The first indicator in the concept of social functioning, evidenced by independence in getting a job. In the second indicator, the ability to perform tasks according to their status. The third indicator shows the initiative of action when experiencing problems.