Social Victimization Research Articles

The Role of Fathers' Involvement in Parenting and Adolescent Social Harms: A Narrative Review

Background: In today's society, the issue of fatherhood and involvement in the upbringing of children has been emphasized. The study aimed to investigate the impact of fathers' involvement in parenting on the social victimization of adolescents. Methods: The present research utilized a narrative review methodology, with technical terms being explained at the beginning. Relevant sources were identified by conducting searches on reputable academic databases, including ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Ovid, Elsevier, SID, and Magiran, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. The search keywords encompassed various related themes, such as fatherhood, absent fathers, childrearing, adolescents, father involvement, engagement, social problems, and Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). Compilation procedures were conducted according to the SANRA checklist. In the initial search, 162 articles were obtained. After removing duplicates and evaluating their titles and abstracts, 9 articles were selected for the review. Results: Based on the findings of this literature review, paternal involvement in child-rearing is shown to positively affect the intellectual, moral, and social development of adolescents. Conversely, the absence of a father figure has been linked to negative outcomes such as drug addiction, decreased academic performance in both school and university, anti-social attitudes, separation anxiety, aggression, feelings of insecurity, and negative thoughts in teenagers. Conclusion: The involvement of fathers in upbringing of their children fosters critical thinking and reinforces children's empowerment in making pivotal decisions, while simultaneously acting as a safeguard against social risks.

Bullying and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms Among Adolescents of Public Schools in Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Bullying is a frequent, yet sometimes dismissed dynamic in school-aged youth, despite all the literature around its prevalence and detrimental effects. Around the world, prevalence estimates have demonstrated wide variability. In Colombia, between 22% and 49.9% of adolescents have experienced bullying. Much research on school bullying has focused on perpetrators and those victimized; less is known about those who witness it. The main objective of this cross-sectional study of 1224 Colombian public high school students was to determine if there is an association between the different types of involvement (victims, aggressors, witnesses) in bullying and the presence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We measured individual sociodemographic factors, types of involvement in bullying, the presence of PTSD symptoms, and levels of family dysfunction. We found that verbal abuse was the most frequent behavior reported. Also, a high proportion of PTSD symptoms among victims, witnesses, and aggressors were identified. In the logistic regression analysis, presence of PTSD symptoms was associated with subjects identified as social victims (OR = 2.067; CI = 1.381– 3.095), verbal victims (OR = 2.779; CI = 1.599–4.828), victims by coercion (OR = 4.038; CI = 1.710–9.532), social aggressors (OR = 1.974; CI = 1.355–2.919), and in those with severe family dysfunction (OR = 3.372; CI = 1.744–6.520). Additional research is needed in the Colombian population to identify and explore appropriate options for prevention and intervention in those most vulnerable to bullying.

Teacher Victimization by Students, Their Parents, and School Staff: Prevalence and Links with Teachers’ Life Satisfaction in a Lithuanian Sample

The links between different forms of teacher victimization and teachers’ life satisfaction are still under-researched. To highlight teacher victimization by various parties within the school environment and its associations with teachers’ life satisfaction, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Multidimensional Teacher Victimization Scale, and some additional measures were applied. The findings based on a Lithuanian sample (n = 1146) revealed that a significant portion of teachers have experienced victimization in various forms: 38.5% of teachers have been bullied by school staff, 33.9% have faced verbal victimization from students’ parents, and victimization by students affected 65.8% of teachers, with verbal and social victimization being the most common. An SEM analysis (χ2 = 355.787; Df = 33; CFI = 0.928; TLI = 0.902; NFI = 0.922; RMSEA = 0.092 [0.084–0.101]; SRMR = 0.0432) revealed that bullying by staff is not only detrimental in its own right but also relates positively to other forms of victimization, including verbal victimization by parents and multidimensional victimization by students, as teacher victimization by students and their parents mediated the relationship between teacher victimization by school staff and teacher life satisfaction. The findings suggest a complex problem within the school environment where different forms of victimization are interconnected and call for urgent attention and action from educational policymakers and school administrators to address and mitigate teacher victimization.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BANTUAN SOSIAL BENCANA BANJIR DI KECAMATAN DAYEUHKOLOT KABUPATEN BANDUNG

The expansion of an establishment makes a new problem in the surrounding environment so that claims to a safe state, from regional disasters, especially flood disasters in the Dayeuhkolot District, Bandung Regency, become a common interest, especially residents affected by flood disasters in the sub-district, significant population development makes a new challenge for all parties affected. However, the dedication of all sectors involved in the implementation of the distribution of social assistance for flood victims is in accordance with common expectations. As well as in the important sector of assistance from the informal sector in the implementation of the distribution of community contributions channeled does not run effectively. Based on these problems, the study is intended to describe how the implementation of policies, obstacles and efforts made in the process of implementing policies in the distribution of social assistance to victims affected by the disaster. The form of study in this research uses a strategy that emphasizes the quality of the entity. Data collection is done through consultation, observation, and processing. The data description used is an explication model, where the data collected is then described in the form of an interpretative description above. Based on the research, the obstacles faced by the local government of Bandung Regency in implementing the policoes for the distribution of social assistances for flood victims include a lack of awareness of the duties and function of a related organizations, people who tend not to understand the existence of regional regulations which contain policies regardimg the implementation of aid distribution, social victims of the flood disaster in Dayeuhkolot sub-district.

Ineffectiveness of Law N° 30490 to guarantee the Fundamental Rights of Older Adults in a Peruvian Region

The need to seek alternative solutions to the situation of abandoned, unprotected, invisibility in which older people are in vulnerable conditions was the primary motivation for developing this study, the purpose of which was to analyze the ineffectiveness in the application of Law No. 30490, which protects the fundamental rights of the elderly in Peru. The research is applied descriptive; the doctrinal legal method is used, with a mixed approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design. Magistrates, specialists in Family Law, and authorities of public entities were taken as study units, applying a questionnaire. The observation was used as a technique; documentary analysis, articles, laws, and doctrines. The family is considered to be the main responsible for the violation of the rights of the older adult and the state itself with its entities, which must fulfill the purposes of public function, prioritizing and optimizing the resources they have, following the Law of the Framework for the Modernization of State Management. The main contribution of this research is that it concludes in a proposal, type bill, that seeks to modify article 25, Law No. 30490 of Title III, Chapter I, for a new definition of Older Adult Person, to achieve the timely identification and protection of this age group.
 Keywords: Demographic Aging; Older Adult Person; Vulnerability; Social Victimization.

Integration of human papillomavirus associated anal cancer screening into HIV care and treatment program in Pakistan: perceptions of policymakers, managers, and care providers

BackgroundThe incidence of anal cancer, largely associated with anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women living with or without HIV. Screening for anal cancer to detect anal precancerous lesions in high-risk groups is an important opportunity for prevention but still lacking in many low-and-middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to explore the readiness of Pakistan’s healthcare system to integrate anal cancer and HPV screening into a national HIV program, as perceived by policymakers, health managers, and healthcare providers.DesignThis qualitative study using key-informant interviews with participants influence in policy making, implementation and advocacy from public and private sector were conducted between March 2021 to August 2021 in Karachi Pakistan.MethodsKey informants were purposely selected from different domains of the healthcare system responsible for the target group of interest, MSM and transgender-women in general and people living with HIV in particular. A total of 18 key informants, at different levels of seniority were recruited from governmental and non-governmental organizations, high-level infectious disease healthcare managers, and United Nations Program representatives. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify the manifest and latent themes, based on socioecological framework.ResultsThe results were grouped into five major themes; (1) The policy context and priorities, (2) Health systems factors, (3) Community environment, (4) Healthcare setting & providers and (5) Individual-level obstacles. The policy actors expressed their concerns about their limited voice in country’s health and health related priority setting. Informants reported a lack of political will and suggested that government should bring a change in the paradigm of healthcare service delivery from reactive to proactive approach. Although, participants unanimously favored integration of HPV preventive services into existing HIV program, they also identified several service delivery barriers including trained workforce shortage, limited capacity of information technology, lack of supplies needed for screening, lack of financing, and lack of services that could meet key-populations needs. Participants also predicted other implementation challenges such as stigma, social victimization, and systemic discrimination against at-risk groups at healthcare facilities.ConclusionAlthough policy makers and health providers in Pakistan saw a clear need to scale-up and integrate anal cancer screening for key populations, the feasibility of this is dependent on political will, financing, anti-stigma and discrimination interventions and health system efficiency.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Oleh Korporasi

In environmental crimes, if a corporation has been sentenced to a criminal sentence, it is as if the sentence has been fulfilled. Considering that environmental crimes can result in many victims, both physically and psychologically, who feel disadvantaged as a result of criminal acts committed by corporations. However, along with the number of environmental crime cases, there are also many rights of social victims and social objects that have not been fulfilled. Therefore, this research wants to find the ideal legal protection for victims of environmental crimes. This research method uses a qualitative type of literature review. Primary data source UUD RI and research journals. This data analysis uses content content. The results of the study show that the main form of legal protection for victims of environmental crimes besides the form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is environmental restoration for the benefit of environmental preservation. In resolving environmental disputes, the parties can use out-of-court channels, namely mediation or court channels with the concept of restorative justice that emphasizes the rights of victims and the interests of perpetrators of environmental crimes.

An Answer to Spivak’s Can the Subaltern Speak? A Study of Marginalized Women’s Autobiographies

This article discusses marginalized women’s resistance to patriarchal norms in a male-dominated Afghan society. This study analyses the literary modes of selected autobiographies—Fawzia Koofi’s The Favored Daughter, Sarina Sarwari’s Sokhan-i Del-i Yek Zan (Words from the Heart of a Woman) and Hadisa Osmani’s Pursuing My Dreams as an Afghan Woman—with Spivak’s essay ‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’ In this article, Spivak’s idea of subaltern has been deconstructed and needs to be re-read and understood in the context of Afghan women’s autobiographies. In answer to Spivak, yes, the subaltern can speak to resist patriarchal voices, speak against women’s subjugated situation and talk about women’s emancipation. This can be demonstrated by examining Afghan women’s autobiographies. Afghan women’s autobiographies focus on women’s courage and emancipation to resist social victimization and verbal and physical violence. It further states that numerous contemporary Afghan women have highlighted women’s issues due to the absence of a strong feminist voice. Therefore, it demonstrates Afghan women’s gradual awakening, as well as their resolution to resist victimization, subjugation, oppression and violence in a patriarchal and culturally complex male-dominant society. Hence, the present study appraises Afghan women’s struggle to give them recognition and a contribution to the literature, giving a positive light to other women. These women are promoting awareness and giving a feminist message as a women’s strong voice is necessary for a progressive and gender-equality-based society. Afghan women’s writing testifies to finding an answer to Spivak’s question, ‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’

Children as Social Victims in Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist and David Copperfield

Charles Dickens (1812-1870) is a remarkable Victorian novelist whose novels are highly admired by critics and still read and academically taught all over the world.  Dickens’ novels are considered as literary vehicles by which he managed to criticise both society and government for the suppression, misery, hunger and injustice that were in vague then. His novels give a faithful picture of the Victorian life with all its diversities and complexities. His ideas lead many critics to consider him as a social reformer who called for a radical change in every aspect of people’s life so as to reform society.  Dickens’ main concern was children as being an essential part of the society. He focused on the children characters in his novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield so as to show how childhood was destroyed by the absent justice of both society and government. Dickens himself suffered a lot in his childhood therefore his novels convey true feeling to the extent that his novels are described as being written by a pen made out of his blood.

Neural Correlates of Antisocial Behavior: The Victim's Perspective.

Antisocial behavior involves actions that disregard the basic rights of others and may represent a threat to the social system. The neural processes associated with being subject to antisocial behavior, including social victimization, are still unknown. In this study, we used a social interaction task during functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural bases of social victimization. Brain activation and functional connectivity (FC) were estimated and correlated with the Big 5 Questionnaire, Temperament Evaluation in Memphis, Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS-M), and a Questionnaire of Daily Frustration scores. During social victimization, the right occipital and temporal cortex showed increased activation. The temporal cortex also had reduced FC with homotopic areas. Compared to the prosocial interaction, social victimization showed hyperactivation of the dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortex, putamen, and thalamus and increased FC of the medial-frontal-striatal-thalamic areas with the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, dorsal cingulate, and postcentral gyrus. Lastly, neuroticism, irritable temperament, and frustration scores were correlated with the magnitude of neural responses to social victimization. Our findings suggest that social victimization engages a set of regions associated with salience, emotional processing, and regulation, and these responses can be modulated by temperamental and personality traits.

The impact of resilience as a protective factor on Health-Related Quality of Life’s psychological dimensions among adolescents who experience peer victimization

Peer victimization have a negative impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) during adolescence, however some personal skills such a person's resilience could play a significant role in this relationship. In this context, this study aims to analyse if resilience is a moderator of the relation between peer victimization and HRQoL’s psychological dimensions. Sociodemographic data, peer victimization, psychological domains of HRQoL and resilience were measures in a sample of 1428 secondary school students using the following scales: “Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument-Bullying”, “KIDSCREEN-52” and “Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Different multivariate analyses were carried out using linear regression. PROCESS tool was used to examine the moderating role of resilience, with John-Neyman post-hoc approach to quantify moderation. Results suggest that resilience could moderate the association between physical (β = − 0.0021; p = 0.025) and verbal victimization (β = − 0.0018; p = 0.024) and the “Mood and Emotions” dimension of adolescents’ HRQoL. Nevertheless, this regulating influence appears to be faint (∆R2 0.004). Resilience showed no moderating effect between social victimization and psychological dimensions of HRQoL. We concluded that resilience could function as a protective factor that weakly regulates the negative association between physical and verbal victimization and the psychological sphere of adolescents’ HRQoL.

Development of a measure for assessing victimisation at UK universities

School bullying has been researched extensively, yet research on student bullying at university is still in the early stages and lacks valid measurement instruments. This paper outlines three studies conducted to develop a new scale to measure victimisation and perpetration at university (ultimately focusing on victimisation). Wider bullying literature from the school context and the workplace was consulted alongside an initial qualitative study exploring students’ perceptions of university bullying. For Study One, an exploratory factor analysis on data from a sample of UK university students (N=243) resulted in a reliable scale with four factors: (1) psychological victimisation, (2) physical act/trace victimisation, (3) social victimisation, and (4) direct verbal victimisation. After modification, Study Two tested the altered structure of the scale on a new sample of UK university students (N=304), finding two alternative two- and three-factor models. Study Three tested the competing models from the first two studies using confirmatory factor analysis (N=441), finding the four-factor structure to be the best model out of the three, but with the scale requiring further work. Although none of the fit indices’ statistics were ideal, this is the first attempt to design a higher education bullying scale based on a multi-phase approach, which shows potential as a useful tool for measuring victimisation following further research.

Victimization in Young Migrants from Central Asia and Transcaucasia

The present research featured the psychological characteristics of the young people who migrated from Transcaucasia and Central Asia. These two groups proved to share such aspects as nepotism and patriarchy, but the specifics of victim behavior were different. The psychodiagnostics tools included O. O. Andronnikova’s methodology for victim behavior propensity and M. A. Odintsova’s questionnaire of role victimization. The study sample consisted of 122 teenagers from families that came to Russia from Transcaucasia (60 people) and Central Asia (62 people). All the respondents studied in schools of the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra). Teenagers from Transcaucasia were more prone to aggressive, self-destructive, and selfharming behavior, while those from Central Asia were more prone to uncritical and realized type of victim behavior. Teenagers from Transcaucasia assumed the play role of a victim, while students from Central Asia assumed the social role of the victim. The victim profile of teenage migrants from Transcaucasia was characterized by a direct relationship between the propensity to realize the victim play role and active victim behavior; a direct relationship between the propensity to realize the victim play role and aggressive type of victimization the inverse relationship between social victimization role and passive type of victim behavior. Teenagers from Central Asia demonstrated the statistical significance of the relationship between the social role of the victim and the passive type of victimization. In addition, the study revealed an inverse relationship between the social role of the victim and the propensity for an active type of victim behavior.

Canine Comfort: The Protective Effects of Dog Ownership and Support for Victimized Adolescents

ABSTRACT Despite anecdotal and empirical evidence that pets are beneficial for mental health, little is understood about these relationships in adolescents. This study examined the moderating effect of family dog ownership and perceived dog support on the relationship between social victimization and mental health complaints in adolescents. Adolescents (n = 246; 106 boys, 140 girls) and their parents completed measures of peer victimization and mental health complaints. Additionally, adolescents provided information about the number and type of pets in the home. A total of 131 lived with a dog; 105 chose a dog as their favorite pet. Adolescents who lived with a pet completed a measure of perceived support from their favorite animal. Living with a family dog moderated the influences of social victimization on mental health problems, especially internalizing problems, such that the relationship between victimization and mental health problems was weaker for those living with a dog. Perceived dog support further moderated the relationship between victimization and total problems, anxious/depression, thought problems, attention problems, and aggressive behavior, such that the magnitude of the relationship between victimization and these variables was weaker when more dog support was perceived. Results suggest that perceived support can be derived from a family pet and may buffer against the negative influence of peer victimization.

Resilience in the face of peer victimization and perceived discrimination: The role of individual and familial factors

BackgroundPeer victimization and discrimination are two related forms of social victimization. However, the majority of studies only focus on one form or the other. This study investigates resilience in victims of both these forms of violence. ObjectiveTo identify individual and family level factors that foster, or hinder, resilience in the face of both peer victimization and perceived discrimination. ParticipantsIn a sample of 2975 high-school students, 22% (n = 644) met the criteria for substantial social victimization. The sample's mean age was 16.5 years, 57% were girls, 19% were in vocational courses, 12% were from an ethnic minority background, and 5% were lesbian, gay, or bisexual. MethodA measure of resilience was created by regressing the mean levels of current mental health, self-esteem, and life satisfaction on the frequency of lifetime peer victimization and past year perceived discrimination. Regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of resilience considering protective and vulnerability factors, including sociodemographic information, anxious personality, empathy, coping strategies, familial optimism, and the relationship with their mother and father. ResultsResilience was associated with low anxious personality, four coping strategies (active, use of humor, low self-blame, low substance use), and satisfaction with the relationship with the mother. ConclusionsResilience is related to both behavioral and meaning-making coping strategies, personality traits, and satisfaction in relationships. This study's findings can be used to tailor interventions to foster resilience in adolescents exposed to social victimization.

Concordance in Child-Parent Reporting of Social Victimization Experiences in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Concordance in Child-Parent Reporting of Social Victimization Experiences in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Teaching young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to recognize and respond to coworker victimization

AbstractAdults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at risk of experiencing social victimization and should be taught to respond to potential victimization they may encounter in a workplace. Using a multiple probe across participants design, the current study evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral skills with multiple exemplar training (BS + MET) to teach four young adults with IDD a four‐step response to coworker victimization protocol. Two participants demonstrated mastery of this response after only BS + MET, while the other two participants demonstrated mastery of the response after BS + MET and additional in situ training (IST). Three of the four participants demonstrated generalization across settings, across exemplars, and with coworkers, and they maintained the response up to two months after the completion of training. This study expands research of BS + MET and IST to teach safety skills to adults with IDD. Implications for further research are discussed.

Victims of Corruption: Integral Reparation and Institutional Trust as Cores of Anticorruption Strategies

In the context of the current anti-corruption discourse, it is critical to consider the systemic and structural manipulation of institutions, which potentially increases social/interpersonal and institutional distrust and lack of confidence, and creates the perception of “institutional vacuums” and institutional illegitimacy. In the long run, this dynamic creates a vicious circle between lower social/ interpersonal and institutional trust and higher corruption. Bearing this in mind, in this paper it is argued that integral reparation of individual, collective, and social victims of corruption should be a core principle of any anti-corruption discourse and practice that seeks to restore social/interpersonal and institutional trust and legitimacy. This paper consists of four sections. After the introduction, in the second section it is analyzed how institutional distrust is an unexpected consequence of exposing Macro- corruption and institutional cooptation. In the third section the main strategies for restoring social/interpersonal and institutional trust are discussed. In the final section it is considered the role of integral reparation actions to restore trust and confidence among individual, collective, and social agents.

Testing a Moderated Mediation Model of Social Withdrawal and Intimacy: The Roles of Interpersonal Distrust and Retrospective Bullying Victimization

Given that social withdrawal has been consistently linked to intimacy, an examination of the mediating effect of interpersonal distrust on the relationship between social withdrawal and intimacy could offer potential insights into a possible explanatory mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate interpersonal distrust as a mediator of the relationship between social withdrawal and intimacy, and whether retrospective bullying victimization moderates this mediation. Participants included 160 university students who completed measures of social withdrawal, interpersonal distrust, intimacy, and retrospective bullying victimization. Results indicated that interpersonal distrust mediated the relationship between social withdrawal and intimacy. Retrospective bullying victimization in primary school, however, did not moderate the mediation model. In light of these findings, appropriate implications and suggestions for interventions are discussed.

Controlological perspective for a study of social control of crime

The article aims to consider the possibilities of using the controlological (critical) perspective in the analysis of social control of crime. The author reveals the main provisions of the new sociology of social control, or, in other words, the controlology. These provisions have received support in modern concepts of social control. The article shows the difference between controlological representations from the classical legal discourse. This difference, first of all, concerns the perception of institutional violence of state institutions for combating crime and ensuring security. Discussions, which reflect a critical view of crime control, unfold along three main lines. The first one concerns the consideration of control not only as a tool for maintaining the order established by the state, but also in terms of its negative consequences for individuals and society. The issues related to the selective control of the activities of persons holding a certain status in power and influencing the design of the legal field are considered. The second direction is associated with the analysis of the goals of social control. The methods of segregation of persons against whom the indictment has been issued are presented. In relation to them, the principle of behavioral homogeneity, which manifests itself both in a certain professional “treatment” with prisoners, and in arousing a persistent negative attitude towards them among the population, is implemented. The issue of social and cultural victimization of prisoners is considered. In the third direction, a critical perception of the subject of the activity of crime control agents is traced. Here, the focus of researchers is on the concept of “reliability”, which is discussed in relation to the assessment of crime risks, security means and the legality of actions of control agents. The basic provisions and conclusions in the article are supported by statistical data and the results of various studies.