Social Support Subscales Research Articles

Association of psychological violence, harassment, and cyberbullying with depression and turnover intentions in female nurses

Psychological violence and harassment have been reported to be associated with mental health problems and turnover intention among nurses. Cyberbullying, a hidden form of harassment using information and communication technology, is attracting attention as a factor that threatens the mental health of nurses. This study aimed to add coping characteristics, social support, and workplace social capital to psychological violence, harassment, and cyberbullying in female nurses and determine their association with depression and turnover intention. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted, targeting 2,158 female nurses working in four domestic hospitals, excluding those in management positions. The analysis included 1,151 nurses who responded (valid response rate: 53.3%). Multiple regression analysis was performed with depression and turnover intention as dependent variables and psychological violence and harassment, cyberbullying, the brief scales for coping profile (BSCP) and social support scale scores, and social capital (SC) as independent variables. Depression was positively correlated with psychological violence and harassment, cyberbullying, and the BSCP subscale "avoidance and suppression" and negatively correlated with the BSCP subscale "changing the point of view" and social support subscales "support from supervisors" and "support from co-workers." Turnover intention was positively correlated with psychological violence and harassment and the BSCP subscale "avoidance and suppression" and negatively correlated with the BSCP subscale "changing the point of view," social support subscale "support from supervisors," and vertical SC. The results suggest that work environments should prevent psychological violence and harassment in nurses to promote a sense of security and eliminate mental health problems. Cyberbullying was inferred as a factor that could lead to mental health problems among nurses. Therefore, each nurse should raise their awareness of information literacy, besides attending more to their words and attitudes.

The Relationship Between Voluntary Participation Status and Health Promotion Lifestyle Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the Community.

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the characteristics, health status, and health-promoting lifestyles of volunteer workers who participate in the community among middle-aged and older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 173 middle-aged and older adults volunteers from 2 communities in North Taiwan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included Demographic Characteristics Form, Self-Rated Health Status Scale, and Health Promotion Lifestyle Scale. Most of the volunteers were female, with an average age of 60.41 (±9.30)years. The average item score for the health promotion lifestyle was 74.07 (SD=19.27). Participants scored highest on the social support subscales and lowest on the exercise subscales, followed by health responsibility subscales. Multiple regression analysis revealed that an average of 6 to 8hours of volunteer services per week, diversity of volunteer services, and self-rated health status were each significantly associated with a greater health promotion lifestyle. Community health care workers should strengthen community volunteer support networks and motivate volunteers to attend health-related classes. Various community activities can remind each volunteer of their health responsibilities and awareness of a healthy promotion lifestyle.

Predictors of Diabetes Self-Management Behaviour Among Type 2 Diabetics in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) requires effective self-care behaviors and social support to manage the condition and prevent complications. This study aimed to examine the influence of demographic characteristics and perceived social support on diabetes self-management behaviors in individuals with T2DM. An analytical cross-sectional design was employed to collect data from 300 T2DM patients using validated questionnaires from April to May 2023. Self-care behaviors were assessed using a Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities-Arabic (SDSCA-Arabic), while perceived social support was measured using a Diabetes Care Profile (DCP) using an Arabic Social Support subscale. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were performed to examine the relationships and predictors of self-care behaviors. Patients exhibited varying levels of self-care behaviors, with exercise and blood sugar testing being the most frequently reported activities. Additionally, the findings revealed that health education on self-examining regarding the feet, exercising, comorbidities, perceived social support, medical insurance, and gender were significant predictors of diabetes self-management behaviors. These factors collectively accounted for 21.2% of the variance in self-management behavior levels. Specifically, health education on self-examining regarding the feet (β = -0.286, p = 0.001) and exercising (β = -0.175, p = 0.001) showed a negative association, while perceived social support (β = 0.235, p = 0.001) demonstrated a positive association with self-management behaviors. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive health education programs that address multiple aspects of diabetes management and the role of social support in fostering better self-management behaviors. It also emphasizes the influence of demographic factors on self-management, with individuals with higher comorbidities exhibiting better self-management behaviors and those with medical insurance showing poorer self-management behaviors. These findings have implications for nursing practice, suggesting the need for tailored interventions, effective education, and support networks to enhance self-management behaviors in T2DM patients.

The effects of social support and self-efficacy on hopefulness in low-income older adults during COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundSocial support and self-efficacy play a significant role in improving positive psychological well-being in marginalized older adults. However, to date, there are few studies identifying the relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the effect of social support and self-efficacy on hopefulness in a majority Black sample of marginalized low-income older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study used baseline data from a clinical trial designed to increase COVID-19 testing in Essex County, NJ, United States. The dataset involved participants 50 years old or older. We conducted: 1) cross-sectional descriptive/frequency statistics to understand the sociodemographic characteristics, 2) multivariate linear regression to investigate the direct relationships between social support subscales or self-efficacy and hopefulness, and 3) mediation analyses to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and hopefulness.ResultsOur findings showed that self-efficacy had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between social support and hopefulness. After adjusting for covariate variables, social support subscales (i.e., emotional/informational, tangible, affectionate, positive social interaction social support) and self-efficacy were significantly associated with hopefulness. The indirect effect of social support via self-efficacy was positive and statistically significant.ConclusionSelf-efficacy mediated the relationship between social support and hopefulness in marginalized older adults aged 50 and over. Further research is needed to identify the various facets of positive psychological well-being using longitudinal data and a larger sample size.

Coping styles for sexual dysfunction and stress among married women of reproductive age: a cross-sectional study from Turkiye.

To identify sexual dysfunction in married women of reproductive age, and to examine its relationship with stress coping styles. The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between February and June 2019 at the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient clinic of Gulhane Training and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkiye. The sample comprised married women aged 18-49 years who had an active sexual life over the preceding month, and were neither pregnant nor in the postpartum phase. Data was collected using the Female Sexual Function Index, and the Stress Coping Styles Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. There were 216 women with mean age 33.58±6.77 years. The mean Female Sexual Function Index score was 22.29±6.08. The mean Stress Coping Styles Scale subscale scores were: self-confident 20.71±3.53, helpless 18.07±4.27, submissive 12.13±3.00, optimistic 13.70±2.35, and seeking social support 11.89±2.01. The total Female Sexual Function Index score had a positive, significant correlation with self-confidence (r=0.15; p=0.03) and seeking social support subscales (r=0.18; p=0.01) and a negative, significant correlation with submissive subscale (r=-0.17; p=0.02) of the Stress Coping Styles Scale. Establishing awareness among women about sexual dysfunction and improving effective coping styles may contribute to improved sexual health among women.

Role of Perceived Social Support in Adherence to Antihypertensives and Controlled Hypertension: Findings of a Community Survey from Urban Nepal.

Social support is considered vital for effective management of chronic conditions, but its role in improving adherence to antihypertensive medication and control of hypertension in urban Nepal is unknown. We examined the role of social support in adherence to antihypertensives and controlled blood pressure to inform future interventions for hypertension management. We analyzed cross-sectional data collected at baseline of a cluster randomized trial of hypertension patients (n=1252) in the community between May and November 2022. Multidimensional scale of perceived social support was used to measure social support, adherence to antihypertensives was measured using the Morisky medication adherence scale -8, and individuals with systolic- and diastolic- blood pressure less than 140 and 90 mmHg respectively were considered to have controlled hypertension. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. We found that 914 (73%) individuals received moderate to high social support. Participants receiving high social support had a numerically lower proportion of controlled hypertension (51%) however not statistically significant. The proportion of good adherence to antihypertensives did not differ between the social support categories. There was no association in overall, family, friends, and significant other sub-scales of social support with controlled hypertension and adherence to antihypertensives. Further studies to understand the quality and mechanisms through which social support contributes to blood pressure control are needed for the health system to include social support in designing and implementing community-based interventions for hypertension management.

The relationship between biological rhythm and perceived social support, coping styles and medication adherence in patients with bipolar disorder in Türkiye

IntroductionThe disruption of biological rhythm (sleep, eating patterns, hormonal secretions, activities, and social life etc.) in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder makes it challenging to balance the mood of the patient and facilitates recurrence. Although social support, coping with stress, and medication adherence are known to affect prognosis, no study has been found to investigate the relationship between these factors and biological rhythm. AimThis descriptive and correlational design study investigated the relationship between perceived social support, coping styles and medication adherence, and biological rhythm in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder. MethodThis study was conducted with 111 patients receiving treatment in the outpatient clinics of the psychiatry department of two public hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Coping Style Inventory (CSI), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) were used for data collection. ResultsThe biological rhythm total and subscales scores were significantly and negatively related to perceived social support total, and subscales scores (p < 0.005). The biological rhythm total and most of its subscales scores were significantly and negatively related to medication adherence (p < 0.005). The biological rhythm total and domain scores were significantly and negatively related to seeking social support, self-confident, and optimistic subscales of CSI while significantly and positively related to helpless and submissive (p < 0.005). DiscussionIn this study, a positive relationship was found between increased perceived social support, effective coping with stress, and adherence to medication. This study highlights that these factors may be helpful for the regulation of biological rhythm.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SELF-EFFICACY ON HOPEFULNESS IN LOW-INCOME OLDER ADULTS AGED 50 AND OVER

Abstract Background Social support and self-efficacy play a significant role in improving positive psychological well-being in marginalized older adults. However, to date, there are few studies on identifying the relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the effect of social support and self-efficacy on hopefulness in marginalized low-income older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study used baseline data from a clinical trial designed to increase COVID-19 testing in Essex County, NJ. The dataset involved participants aged 50 and over. We conducted: 1) cross-sectional descriptive/frequency statistics to understand the sociodemographic characteristics, 2) multivariate linear regression to investigate the direct relationships between social support subscales or self-efficacy and hopefulness, and 3) mediation analyses to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and hopefulness. Results After adjusting for covariate variables, social support subscales (emotional/informational social support: b = 0.20, p &amp;lt; 0.05; tangible social support: b = 0.13, p &amp;lt; 0.05; affectionate social support: b = 0.17, p &amp;lt; 0.05; positive social interaction social support: b = 0.15, p &amp;lt; 0.05) and self-efficacy (b = 0.55, p &amp;lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with hopefulness. The indirect effect of social support via self-efficacy was positive and statistically significant (Effect = 0.14, Bootse = 0.04, BootLLCI - BootULCI = 0.06 - 0.23) Conclusion Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between social support and hopefulness in marginalized older adults aged 50 and over. Further research needs to identify the various facets of positive psychological well-being using longitudinal data and larger sample size.

Validating the Korean Version of the Duke Social Support Index

Considering the increasing number of older people and one-person households of older people in South Korea as well as the importance of social support among older people, there is a need to develop an instrument that assesses both the structural and functional social support of older people. Accordingly, this is the first study to validate the Korean version of the 10-item Duke Social Support Index (DSSI-10), which is composed of the social interaction and satisfaction with social support subscales. A total of 293 respondents who were over 65 years old and attended welfare centers located in the surrounding area of Seoul participated in this study. We found that the Korean version of the DSSI is a reliable and valid social support instrument that exhibits a two-factor structure like its English version. The DSSI also has the advantage of being able to measure structural and functional social support simultaneously. Developing the Korean version of the DSSI will provide a valuable social support instrument for researchers and practitioners in South Korea, where social support scales measuring both types of social support for older people do not yet exist.

Positive mental health in adults with bipolar disorder: exploring social support subtypes, negative social interactions and potential to flourish

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) (i.e., BD-I or BD-II) is a serious mental illness (SMI) that can cause significant life challenges, but its impact and management may be mediated by psychosocial factors. This study’s primary objectives were to investigate whether adults with BD differ from those without in terms of social support, negative social interactions (NSIs), and positive mental health (PMH). Secondly, examine whether gender differences exist in terms of these variables, as well as whether specific social support subscales and NSI predict PMH for those with BD.MethodsUsing data extracted from a national Canadian survey, 563 adults reporting a lifetime BD diagnosis were compared to a matched, non-BD sample using the Social Provisions Scale 10 Items (SPS-10), the NSI Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SF) Scale. For the BD sample, males and females were compared based on study variables, and hierarchical regressions were subsequently performed to assess whether SPS-10 subscales and NSIs predicted PMH.ResultsRespondents with BD reported significantly lower SPS-10 and PMH scores, and significantly higher NSI scores. Within the BD sample, females reported significantly higher SPS-10 and NSIs scores, and ‘social integration’ and ‘reassurance of worth’ positively predicted PMH, while NSI uniquely predicted lower PMH levels for both males and females.ConclusionsThe results implicate specific psychosocial factors and gender in the degree to which adults with BD might flourish, particularly in terms negative relationships. The implications of social erosion and the bi-directionality of social support are also considered.

The effects of social support and social prejudice on emotional affect among drug users: the mediating role of resilience

ABSTRACT Objective Emotional affect plays an important role in the process of drug use. The aim of this study was to investigate how social support and social prejudice are associated with emotional affect among drug users in rehabilitation center, and to examine the mediating role of resilience. Methods 316 drug users were investigated using the subscales of positive affect, negative affect, social support, social prejudice, and resilience of the multidimensional psychological scale. Results The results revealed a significant link between social support and positive affect experienced by drug users. Moreover, resilience mediated the relationships between social support and both positive affect and negative affect. The results also demonstrated that there was a significant association between social prejudice and negative affect of drug users, resilience was found to mediate the relationships between social prejudice and both positive affect and negative affect. Conclusions Results have shown that social factors are closely related to drug users’ emotional affect. High levels of social support and low levels of social prejudice can improve their affective states, and resilience plays a mediating role in this process.

Social Health Status and Its Related Factors in Older Adults

Introduction: For successful aging, it is necessary to evaluate social health as a basic component of the health system. Older adults are an increasingly large proportion who are potential candidates for vulnerability in social health. Objective: This study aimed to determine social health and its related factors in older adults referred to urban comprehensive health service centers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 older adults referred to urban comprehensive health service centers in Ardabil City, Iran, between February 2021 and April 2022. The multistage sampling method was used to select the older adults. The social health scale for older people was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Tukey post hoc test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression with a stepwise method. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 69.49±7.16 years. The mean score of social health was 57.27±8.7, and for subscales of social support, social adjustment, and perceived environment resource were 30.16±5.9, 15.15±4.14, and 11.95±2.83, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that marital status (B=4.68, 95% CI, 2.82%-6.54%, P=0.001), education (B=-2.89, 95% CI, -4.87% to -0.9%, P=0.004), job (B=-2.15, 95% CI, -4.1% to -0.21%, P=0.03), income (B=1.48, 95% CI, 0.63%-2.89%, P=0.04), visiting exhibitions (B=4.69, 95% CI, 2.39%-6.98%, P=0.001), and recreational or fun activities (B=-2.36, 95% CI, -3.99% to -0.72%, P=0.005) were predictors of social health in older adults (R2=20%). Conclusion: The social health of older adults is moderate. Our study showed that several factors would influence social health. Healthcare providers should plan necessary interventions to enhance the social health of older adults.

Examination of relationship factors between psychological resilience and social support in adolescent obesity

PurposeChildhood obesity is one of the most severe public health problems, and psychiatric conditions have been associated with obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate psychological resilience and possible related factors in adolescents with obesity. MethodThe study included 90 adolescents with obesity and 100 healthy adolescents of similar age. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Scale scores were compared by Pearson's correlation coefficient test with SPSS-23. Multiple linear regression was performed to describe the relationships between variables. ResultsThe adolescents participating in the study were similar in terms of age and gender. Psychological resilience and social support in the obesity group were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). A negative relationship was found between body mass index (BMI) and resilience levels of adolescents with obesity, and a positive relationship was found between social support and resilience levels (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively). The perceived family and significant other social support subscale scores of adolescents in the obesity group were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.023, respectively). The most related variable with the CYRM-28 was the level of perceived social support: standardized β = 0.409; t(151) = 5.626; p < 0.001. ConclusionA higher BMI has a negative effect on psychological resilience, and family support tends to be lower in these cases. New studies are needed to clarify whether this result is one of the causes of obesity or one of its consequences.

Abstract P6-08-05: Racial and Economic Disparities in Social Support and Symptom Distress among Women Diagnosed with Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Abstract Introduction: Social support (SS) is predictive of symptom distress among patients with breast cancer (BC) during the treatment and post-treatment phases. There is evidence of racial and economic disparities in SS seen among patients with cancer. Little is known about how race and income influence SS among patients with BC. Objectives: 1) To describe SS in women with early-stage BC prior to or at their first chemotherapy treatment (i.e., baseline); 2) To examine how SS varies by race, income level, ability to meet basic financial needs at baseline; and 3) To examine the association between SS and symptom distress at baseline. Methods: This secondary analysis employed a descriptive, correlational, comparative design with data from the baseline time point of SEMOARS: The Symptom Experience, Management and Outcomes According to Race and Social Determinants of Health (R01-MD012245), a multi-site, repeated, multi-method study comparing the symptom experience and management in Black and White women with early-stage BC. Inclusion criteria were female, Black or White race, age at least 18 years and prescribed chemotherapy for BC stages 1–3. Measures included self-reported race; income level measured by annual income (low: &amp;lt; $29,999; medium: $30,000 to $69,999, high: ≥ $70,000) and affordability of basic needs (single item: yes or no). The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List includes four subscales (possible range 0-30), assessing the perceived availability of support (emotional, tangible, self-esteem, and belonging). The Symptom Distress Scale measures the current experiences of 11 symptoms and their severity (possible range: item:1-5; total score:13-65). Descriptive, comparative, correlational, and regression analyses were used. Results: Participants (N=248; mean age 52.9±12.3 years) were 58.9% White and 41.1%, Black, 54% married/partnered, 57.3% employed, 70.8% had some college education, and 98% insured. Half of the sample (50.5%) reported high income, 30.3% reported medium income, and 19.2% low income. One-fifth (18.5%) reported an inability to afford basic needs. Income and race are moderately correlated, with Black patients more likely to have low income (39.5% vs. 7.6) and less likely to have high income (22.4% vs. 66.7%) (Cramer’s V=.472; p&amp;lt;.001). On average, patients reported moderately high levels of SS (emotional=26±5; tangible=25±6; self-esteem=23±4; belonging=25±5). Compared to White patients, Black patients reported lower levels of SS: emotional (24.4 vs. 27.0; p&amp;lt;.001), tangible (24.3 vs. 25.8; p=.02), and belonging (24.3 vs. 25.6; p=.02). Using one-way analysis of variance with multiple comparisons there were significant differences in SS by income level, where patients with low income had lower SS levels (all subscales) when compared with patients of high income (all p&amp;lt;.001) and lower tangible SS when compared with medium income (p=.005). Patients with a medium income had lower emotional and tangible SS when compared with those having high income (p=.003; .022; respectively). Inability to afford basic needs was associated with lower SS (all subscales; p&amp;lt;.01). For all SS subscales lower SS was associated with worse symptom distress (r= -.213;p=.004 to r=-.265; p&amp;lt;.001). Adjusting for race and income (high vs. low and medium; low vs. medium and high), lower scores for each SS subscale, except belonging, were predictive of higher symptom distress scores (all p&amp;lt;.05). Discussion: For this cohort, Black race, low income, and inability to afford basic needs were associated with lower levels of baseline SS. Regardless of race and income, poor baseline emotional, tangible, and self-esteem SS were significantly correlated with increased symptom distress. Future Directions: SS is a predictive marker of symptom distress as patients begin BC chemotherapy. Interventions to increase SS in Black and/or low-income women with BC at the patient, clinic, and community level are needed. Coefficients of associations for individual social support subscales with symptoms distress adjusting for race and income level [UnTable-Footnote]–Notes: n=175; SS: social support; race was categorized as (0= Black; 1= White); †income level was categorized as (0=medium and high; 1=low: reference) Citation Format: Hiba Abujaradeh, Susan Mazanec, Susan M. Sereika, Adam M. Brufsky, Catherine M. Bender, Mary C. Connolly, Margaret Q. Rosenzweig. Racial and Economic Disparities in Social Support and Symptom Distress among Women Diagnosed with Early-Stage Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-05.

Development of a tool to assess HIV prevention readiness of adolescent girls and young women in HPTN 082 study.

African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) represent a large proportion of new HIV infections, a priority population for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but adherence remains a challenge. A reliable, valid readiness tool would help identify AGYW motivated to take PrEP who need adherence support. In the HPTN 082 open-label PrEP study (2016-2019), South African and Zimbabwean women ages 16-25 were administered an HIV prevention readiness measure (HPRM). The 25 items in the HPRM included medication beliefs, connection with care, disclosure of PrEP use, social support, and housing stability using a 5-point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using polychoric correlations, scale reliability, and predictive validity were performed on data from 315 participants who responded to all items. We assessed the predictive value of HPRM scores with PrEP adherence, defined as tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in dried blood spots, as a continuous measure and dichotomized as high PrEP adherence (≥700 fmol/punch). EFA yielded 23 items with three subscales: self-efficacy (16 items), PrEP disclosure (4 items), and social support (3 items). Cronbach's α ranged from 0.71 to 0.92 for the overall scale and the subscales. The average overall scale and the subscales were predictive of 3-month PrEP adherence for TFV-DP concentrations: for each unit increase of the HPRM score, TFV-DP concentration increased by 103 fmol/punch (95% CI: 16, 189, p = 0.02); the highest HPRM score equated with 608 fmol/punch on average. For the self-efficacy subscale, TFV-DP increased by 90 fmol/punch (95% CI: 7, 172, p = 0.03); PrEP disclosure, 68 fmol/punch (95% CI: 19, 117 p = 0.01); and social support, 58fmol/punch (95% CI: 2, 113, p = 0.04). Higher PrEP disclosure suggests high adherence (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.86, p = 0.05) and predicted persistent high adherence at both months three and six (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.21, p = 0.04). The HPRM scale overall and the subscales individually demonstrated good internal consistency among African young women. PrEP disclosure subscale exhibiting significant association with persistent high PrEP adherence is an important finding for PrEP adherence support programs. Future work will assess replicability and expand self-efficacy and social-support subscales after item revision. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02732730.

Association of Social Support with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Among Older Women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.

Social support may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, few long-term, large prospective studies have examined associations of various forms of social support with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. To examine associations of perceived social support with incident MCI and dementia among community-dwelling older women. This prospective cohort study included 6,670 women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study who were cognitively unimpaired at enrollment. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations between perceived social support with incident MCI, dementia, or either MCI/dementia during an average 10.7 (SD = 6.1)-year follow-up. Modelling was repeated for emotional/information support, affection support, tangible support, and positive social interaction subscales of social support. Among 6,670 women (average age = 70 years [SD = 3.8]; 97.0% non-Hispanic/Latina; 89.8% White), greater perceived social support was associated with lower risk of MCI/dementia after adjustment for age, ethnicity, race, hormone therapy, education, income, diabetes, hypertension, and body mass index (Tertile [T]3 versus T1: HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.99; ptrend = 0.08). Associations were significant for emotional/information support (T3 versus T1: HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97; ptrend = 0.04) and positive social interaction (T3 versus T1: HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99; ptrend = 0.06) subscales. Associations were attenuated and not significant after adjustment for depressive symptom severity. Perceived social support, emotional/information support, and positive social interaction were associated with incident MCI/dementia among older women. Results were not significant after adjustment for depressive symptom severity. Improving social support may reduce risk of MCI and dementia in older women.

Perception of patients with COVID-19 about respecting their dignity in hospital settings: a cross-sectional study

Background: Dignity therapy is a psychotherapy intervention whose main goal is to improve the quality of life, promote spiritual and psychological health, and reduce suffering in people with life-threatening diseases. Deteriorating health status is associated with low perceived dignity. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with growing concerns about the quality of health care. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the perception of patients with COVID-19 about respecting their dignity in the hospital settings and related variables. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021, on 206 patients with COVID-19 in hospitals. Patient Dignity Questionnaire (PDI) was used to collect data and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.83 ± 14.98 years and the majority of them were male (67.5%). The mean score of overall perceived dignity was 69.76 ± 10.62 out of 125. Participants rated 7 out of 25 items as 3 or higher, indicating the importance of these items in the clinical setting. The highest and lowest mean scores were in the dependence (3.28 ± 0.55) and social support (1.49 ± 0.59) subscales, respectively. The mean dignity score was associated with the patients' educational level and gender (p = 0.012) (p = 0.065). Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 were concerned about respecting their dignity. Our patients were more concerned about the dimensions of symptom distress, existential distress, and dependence. Conducting training workshops on respecting human dignity in patients with COVID-19 can improve nurses’ knowledge and skills in this area and promote respect for patient dignity.

Abstract B106: Racial differences in baseline financial distress, basic needs, social support, and symptom distress among women receiving early-stage breast cancer chemotherapy

Abstract Little is known about how baseline financial health for patients with breast cancer (BC) influences racial disparity in outcomes. Thus, this study sought to: 1) describe financial hardship in women prior to chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer (baseline) and how that varies by race; 2) examine associations between baseline financial health, perceived stress, symptom distress and social support Methods: This analysis employed a descriptive correlational comparative design using data from the baseline time point of SEMOARS: The Symptom Experience, Management and Outcomes According to Race and Social Determinants of Health a multi-site, repeated measures, mixed-methods study comparing the symptom experience of Black and White women with BC. Inclusion criteria were female, Black or White race, 18 years of age or older, prescribed chemotherapy for a diagnosis of stages 1–3 BC. Measures included demographic characteristics, self-reported race, and basic needs assessment of food, housing, utilities, and health. Economic Hardship, the 17-item Psychological Sense of Economic Hardship includes 4 subscales reflecting recent economic strain. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) assesses the perceived availability of social support, and the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS) evaluates the current symptom experiences of 11 symptoms. Descriptive, comparative and correlational statistics were used. Results: A total of 248 women were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Participants had a mean age of 52.99±12.31 years; were 58.9% White and 41.1% Black, 54% partnered, 57.3% employed, and 70.8% had some college education. Almost all participants (98%) had some form of insurance. Almost one fifth (18.5%) of patients reported inadequate household income to meet their basic needs and 41.5% reported somewhat or extreme difficulty in paying for their basic needs. Compared to White patients, Black patients reported significantly higher (worse) levels of economic hardship (1.17±2.95 vs. -0.70±2.36; p&amp;lt;.001) and reported inadequate income to meet basic needs (30.5% vs. 10.5%; p&amp;lt;.001), and somewhat or extreme difficulty in paying for their basic needs (50.5% vs. 27.6%; 9.5% vs. 3.9%, ps&amp;lt;.001 respectively). Economic hardship had significant weak to moderate correlations with symptom distress (r=0.389, p&amp;lt;.001) and social support subscales (r= -0.333 to -0.445, all p&amp;lt;.001), in the expected directions. Black race was associated with worse economic hardship, its subscales, and inadequate current household income (rs= -0.208 to -0.334; all ps &amp;lt;.001). Using multiple linear regression, 34% of the variance in economic hardship was explained for this cohort (F(6, 169)=19.81, p&amp;lt;0.001). Of the predictor variables, Black race was significantly associated with economic hardship (Beta= -0.239, p&amp;lt;0.001, 95% CI: -2.10 to -0.58). Discussion: Black patients begin BC chemotherapy with greater financial distress, less social support, and higher physical symptoms than White patients. This holds implications for racial differences in the ability to tolerate chemotherapy Citation Format: Margaret Q. Rosenzweig, Catherine Bender, Susan Sereika, Mary Connolly, Hiba Abujaradeh, Susan Mazanec. Racial differences in baseline financial distress, basic needs, social support, and symptom distress among women receiving early-stage breast cancer chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B106.

Changes of resilience in psychiatric nurses by psychoeducation to improve professionalism: A waiting list controlled trial in Japan

Aim: The present study aimed to examine changes in resilience after a psychoeducational intervention to improve professionalism in psychiatric nurses.Methods: A psychoeducation program for psychiatric nurses was developed, and 36 participants were randomly allocated to active intervention and waiting list intervention groups. The S-H Resilience Test was used to assess resilience twice (before and after the intervention/control period), and statistical comparisons were conducted according to time point.Results: Distributions of the resilience scale scores (total and three subscales) in the intervention and control phases were compared before and after psychoeducation or observation. For the intervention phase, total and social support subscale scores significantly increased post-intervention (p<0.05). Resilience types were compared between the two time points in the intervention and control phases, and there were significant changes in the intervention phase (positive type resilience increased).Conclusion: This psychoeducation approach to improve professionalism in psychiatric nurses may be effective in enhancing resilience, particularly by facilitating social support and positive attitudes in participants.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Social Support with Adherence to Treatment in Patient with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune illness that can be treated with a variety of medications. However, over a third of patients do not adhere to their treatment regimens. Drug compliance may be influenced by social support and demographic factors. This is a cross-sectional study that examines the association between Patient with MS socio-demographic characteristics and social support and their treatment adherence. We used the perceived social support scale and the treatment compliance scale to collect data on socio-demographic factors. We looked at the correlations between the scores on the three scales. We included 155 female, 45 male patients in our study. The mean age of the patients was 36.3±11.8 (±standard deviation). The rate of noncompliant patients was 15.5%. and 56.0% showed moderate-level compliance with their treatment. The mean multi-dimensional perceived social support score was 62.3±18.8. The only socio-demographic feature that impacts the social support and special person subscale scores was the marital status. We found that married patiens had significantly more social support and were significantly higher than divorced patient (p&amp;lt;0.05). This study found that PwMS compliance with their medicines is unaffected by socio-demographic characteristics or perceived social support. Larger patient groups with less perceived social support will need to be studied. On the other hand, this suggests that patient compliance is more influenced by personal factors such illness perception and beliefs than by social support.