Social Support Appraisals Scale Research Articles

Ergen kızlarda bulimia, depresyon ve kendine zarar verme davranışlarının birlikte görüldüğü durumların saptanması

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is defined as self-inflicted behavior that causes bodily harm without suicidal intent. NSSI may be a precursor to other psychopathologies or co-occur as comorbidity. In this case series, we examined the development of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) in the follow-up of 5 young girls whose first presentation was NSSI and who were diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) at the psychiatric evaluation. As a result, we hypothesized that NSSI may be a precursor for the development of BN. Clinical interviews revealed that perceived family support by the adolescents were low and mothers had difficulty regulating emotions. We aimed to measure these variables by asking mother to fill out Toronto Alexithymia Scale and adolescents to fill out The Social Support Assessment Scale’s “support received from the family” part. Considering that adolescents can be timid at times and do not express such complaints unless asked, clinicians should be aware of this relationship and should keep the symptoms in mind during interviews in terms of preventive psychiatry.

Relationship between social support, dysfunctional attitude, and perceived academic stress in students of Ferdows school of medical sciences

Background & Objective: Students constantly go through experiences that can be a source of physical, emotional, or psychological stress. Dysfunctional attitudes are the root of numerous mental health problems. On the other hand, perceived social support is recognized as one of the most effective solutions in the treatment of stress and its related disorders. The present study aimed to assess the relationship of social support and dysfunctional attitude with perceived academic stress in the students of Ferdows School of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 121 students of Ferdows School of Allied Medicine and Public Health who were selected via stratified sampling method in the academic year 2019-2020. The data collection tools were demographic characteristics form and three standard questionnaires of social support appraisals (SS-A) scale, Vaux A, Student Life Stress Inventory (SLSI), and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale(DAS-26). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine whether sample data is normally distributed, Pearson and Spearman correlation test to check the relationship between variables, and independent t-test and analysis of variance to compare means between two groups. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean scores of academic stress and perceived social support of students were reported as 2.61±0.49 and 2.42±0.47, respectively, which were lower than the average. Moreover, the mean score of dysfunctional attitude (110.24±78.5) was higher than the standard. Pearson's correlation test pointed to a significant relationship between social support and academic stress (r=0.36; P< 0.001), dysfunctional attitude and academic stress (P=0.006; r = -0.24) and dysfunctional attitude and social support (P=0.005; R=-0.25). Conclusion: The results of the present study pointed out that the variables were closely related to each other, highlighting the importance of these issues in student life. In other words, in order to adjust to academic stress, which is the cause of failure and disruption in academic performance, attention should be paid to various factors at the level of the university, society, and most importantly, family where a person is raised. In this regard, culture building is necessary at the university, society, and family level to shape people's attitudes positively and develop creative thinking based on hope and a burning desire for construction.

Perceived Social Support and Parental Emotional Temperament Among Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder.

This research examined how the emotional temperaments of parents of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder correlated with their perceptions of their children's social support from friends, teachers, and families. Additionally, the parents' emotional temperaments in terms of their association with children's low and high perceptions of family support were examined. The study included 50 children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, 40 neurotypical control subjects, and their parents. The Symptom Checklist-90-R was used to analyze the parents' psychopathology. The parents' affective temperaments were assessed using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-auto questionnaire version. The children's perceptions of their support from their families, peers, and teachers were evaluated using the Social Support Appraisal Scale. Mothers' depressive (r = -0.419, P = .002) and anxious temperaments (r = -0.338, P = .016) were inversely correlated with perceived social support from parents among children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Mothers' hyperthymic (r = 0.443, P = .001) and cyclothymic temperaments (r = 0.310, P = .029) and fathers' hyperthymic temperament (r = 0.371, P = .008) were positively correlated with perceived social support from parents. Regression analyses revealed that perceived social support from friends was predicted by paternal low cyclothymic and high anxious temperament. They also showed that inattention and mother's general psychopathology predicted perceived social support from family. Perceived social support from teacher was predicted by hyperactivity, maternal low cyclothymic temperament, and paternal high anxious temperament. While parents' depressive and anxious temperaments were associated with low perceived social support from family, hyperthymic and cyclothymic temperaments were associated with increased perceived social support from the family among children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

Major depression, substance use, and resilience among female adolescents in institutional care

ABSTRACT Objective This study compared female adolescents in institutional care (AICs) diagnosed with major depression (MD) or substance use disorder (SUD) with those who were not. In addition, we examined the protective effects of resilience, coping skills, and social support on SUD and MD. Methods Participants included 49 female AICs (11–18 years) and a control group of 49 girls of similar age. Psychiatric diagnoses were made using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). In addition, participants completed self-report questionnaires: Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Child Version (SCARED), The Child and Youth Psychological Resilience Scale, KIDCOPE, Social Support Appraisals Scale (SSAS), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Results AICs were found to have more psychopathologies than the control group. Higher resilience, SSAS-friends scores, and more positive coping styles were associated with lower CDI scores in AICs with MD. CDI and SCARED scores were higher, and SSAS- family, friends, teacher scores, and positive coping styles were lower in the AICs with SUD. Conclusions Resilience, increased social support from friends, and positive coping styles showed negative relationships with MD and SUD in AICs. Social support from teachers and family was negatively associated with SUD in AICs.

The Relationship Between Social Support and Family Functioning Among Married Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Iran with the Mediating Role of Spiritual Experiences and Moral Foundations.

When a married family member suffers from multiple sclerosis (MS), the collective physical and psychosocial well-being of the family is impacted and much of the burden is on the healthier spouse. The purpose of the present study was to determine the contribution of psychosocial support from spouses, friends, and others in overall family functioning in respect of Iranian patients with MS, considering the mediating role of spiritual experiences and moral foundations. Spouses of patients with MS were chosen through the judgmental sampling method. The research instruments comprised the Family Assessment Device, Social Support Appraisals Scale, Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, and Moral Foundations Questionnaire. Data analysis was done through the path analysis technique. The subjects comprised 220 spouses of MS patients. We found a significant relationship between family support path and overall functioning mediated by the variable 'spiritual experiences', the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value being < 0.001. Similarly, the relationship between spiritual experiences and moral foundations had a significant effect on overall family functioning (RMSEA < 0.001). After eliminating insignificant relationships and estimating fit indicators, the modified (adjusted) model indicated goodness of fit with data. This study found, for the first time in the Iranian community, a significant effect of family support focused on spouses of MS patients compared to the support from friends and others, with regard to family functioning. The mediating roles of spiritual experiences and moral foundations were confirmed. Further studies are suggested to delve into the role of family support for MS patients in developing countries.

Which mother-headed households' parenting styles are related to children's behavior problems? A cross-sectional study.

SummaryIntroductionParenting styles are considered as one of the main determinants of individual and social behaviors and the use of dysfunctional styles can create child behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mother-child relationship patterns in mother-headed households and children’s behavioral problems.MethodsThis is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was performed on 345 mother-headed households under the coverage of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Shiraz, Iran. Mothers were selected by convenience sampling method and data were collected using several questionnaires including the mother-child relationship evaluation, the child behavior checklist, and social support appraisals scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.ResultsThe overprotective parenting style, as one of the inefficient models has been used more than others by mother-headed households as well as the mothers with higher education levels used less from the child-rearing style “ excessive ease “, and benefited more from the support of friends and others. In addition, children of divorced and low-income mothers are more prone to externalizing behavioral problems. The final result was also determined two parenting styles “excessive ease and overprotection” are effective on children’s total behavioral problems.ConclusionThe findings highlight the need to plan and expand socio-economic and educational support services to improve living conditions and parenting skills in mother-headed households. Further research is also suggested to identify the determinants and types of interventions affecting mother-child relationships, children’s behavioral problems, and finally quality of life among this low-income and vulnerable group.

Çocuklarda Sosyal Destek Kaynakları ve Kadın Kariyerine Yönelik Tutumlar Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi

It has been stated for many years that the career development process should be approached in a developmental context. In this respect, it was predicted that early life experiences can affect both subjective career development and attitudes towards the careers of others. In the present study, the association between primary school students' attitudes towards women's career choice and having a career and social support resources was examined. The research group consisted of 194 primary school fourth grade students. The research group had a homogeneous distribution in terms of gender (97 males, 97 females). The mean age of the research group was 9.89 (SD = .54). The Attitude Towards Gender-Based Career Choices Scale and Social Support Appraisals Scale for Children and Adolescents were used as measures. According to the findings of the correlation analysis, attitudes towards women's career choice were negatively associated with perceived social support from family and teachers. There was a positive and significant relationship between the attitudes of women towards having a career and the perceived social support from their friends. Structural equation modelling showed that gender and perceived social support from friends significantly predict attitudes towards women's having a career. It was determined that the attitudes towards women's career choice were only associated with perceived social support from the teacher. The research presented empirical findings that will enable the development of attitudes towards career choice and having a career in early life to be approached in the context of both gender and social support.

Lapse and Relapse Rates in Narcotics Anonymous versus Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 12-Month Prospective Study.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare lapse and relapse-free survival between patients treated in Narcotics Anonymous (NA) groups and Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) centers and to determine the relationship between social support scale and treatment outcome. Method: This study was a prospective, 12-month cohort study using the random sampling method to select 100 newcomer patients treated by the NA Association as well as 100 patients in MMT centers. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Social Support Appraisals (SSA) scale at the onset of the study along with follow-up phone calls every other week. Results: All participants were male, aged between 18 and 65 with a mean (SD) age of 38.98 (± 10.85) years. Prevalence of relapse in 12 months was 60.5%. The lapses in the MMT group and relapses in the NA group were significantly higher (P < 0.001). The younger patients with lower levels of education are at greater risk of lapse/relapse. The mean score of SSA was significantly higher in the MMT group than the NA group in all subscales, including friends, family, and the others' support (P < 0.001). The mean scores of SSA subscales for the participants without relapse in the NA group was significantly higher in comparison to the MMT group. Conclusion: Detection of factors related to drug abuse relapse/lapse may help addiction therapists to identify drug abuse patients with lapse/relapse and to develop treatment and policy guidelines to prevent relapse in addiction recovery.

Can Vitamin B6 Help to Prevent Postpartum Depression? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background:A low level of vitamin B6 may theoretically cause symptoms of depression.Aims:To investigate the effect of vitamin B6 on the prevention of postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers at risk for PPD.Methods:This single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 81 pregnant women who were at risk of PPD from February to July 2016 at six selected health centers in Isfahan, Iran. A simple random sampling method was adopted. Forty cases and 41 controls received 80 mg vitamin B6 and placebo, respectively from the 28th week until the end of pregnancy. The risk of PPD was assessed as the main inclusion criteria using a structured clinical interview using hospital anxiety-depressive scale (HADS), social support appraisals scale (SS-A), and Holmes and Rahe life change and stress evaluation questionnaire (HRLCSEQ). The Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) was used to assess the rate of depression prior to and 1.5 months after the intervention (end of pregnancy). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and statistical tests (Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney's, and Exact Fisher Test).Results:Forty-three subjects were assigned to each group and the final analysis comprised 81 subjects (40 in the case and 41 in the control groups), the mean age of the case and control groups being 5.8 ± 29.6 and 4.6 ± 28.2, respectively. The mean depression score was 10.4 ± 1.4 in the case and 9.3 ± 4.2 in control groups (P = 0.34) before and 4.2 ± 2.7 in the case and 10.4 ± 3.4 in control groups (P < 0.001) after intervention.Conclusions:Vitamin B6 has a positive effect on reducing postpartum depression scores among mothers at risk for PPD. These may be clinically useful for preventing PPD in high-risk women.

Prevalence of the frailty and related factors in Iranian elderly, Khuzestan Province, southwest of Iran

Objective. This study aimed to determine frailty prevalence and its related factors in the elderly.Methods. The cross-sectional study was performed on 540 elderly using a randomized multistage cluster sampling in Khuzestan Province, Iran, in 2019. The data collection tools included demographic information, Rockwood’s Frailty Index of Accumulated Deficits, Social Support Appraisals Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale. Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-square tests.Results. In this study, 56% of the subjects were women, and 44% were men. The subjects mean age was 72.61 ± 88.72 years. In terms of the frailty prevalence, 14.3, 25.7, and 60% were frail, pre-frail, and non-frail, respectively. The bivariate analysis of the findings showed that frailty was more among those who were woman, older, less educated, without social support, depressed, lonely, single, taking more medication, with a history of hospitalization and malnutrition, and lack of social participation. The frailty rate was significantly lower among men than women. Younger people were less frail. Elderly taking more than five pills had lower frailty levels than elderly people taking lower than five pills. Participants taking more than five pills also had a lower hospitalization history than the elderly with a less frail history, and the depressed elderly were less frail than undepressed elderly. Participants with more social support had lower.Conclusions. In summary, the direct impact of demographic, social, and psychological factors on frailty syndrome is important, so more specialized studies in this area are necessary.

Social Support in Higher Education: Evidence of Validity and Reliability in the Peruvian Context

Social support is a useful cornerstone concept that describes how positive human relationships and social networks allow people to overcome stressful events they face during their lives and to find themselves in a state of relative well-being. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS-A) in a Peruvian sample. Participants were 417 undergraduate’s students in Metropolitan Lima (Mage = 21.78, SD = 4.09). Cross-sectional data was collected after approval by the ethical committee and authorization of all parties involved. A theoretical three-factor model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Results showed good fit indexes and revealed that the SS-A’s three-dimensional structure was invariant across gender and presented adequate reliability. Likewise, social support showed significant correlations to academic stress. Although the results’ generalizability due to the non-random nature of the data presents a caveat, the current findings reveal preliminary evidence that the adapted version of the Social Support Appraisals Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of perceived social support in this sample of Peruvian college students.

Adolescent Social Skills, Perception of Social Support and Motivation to Learn: the impact on School Performance

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify whether the School Performance variable can be explained by the Adolescent Social Skills (ASS), Motivation to Learn and Perception of Social Support constructs in groups of students that were with and without an age/grade discrepancy in Elementary School and in Acceleration classes. This study also aimed to compare the constructs in the groups. Participants were 500 students from public schools, aged 15 to 18 years, divided into two groups according to the school progression. The Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents, the Learning Motivation in Elementary Education Scale, the Social Support Appraisals Scale and the Class Council Maps of the participating institutions were used. For the data analysis, Multiple Linear Regression was performed and Student’s t-test. The results showed that Adolescent Social Skills, Motivation to Learn and the Perception of Social Support better explained the school performance of the regular progression students. When comparing the groups, the regular progression students presented higher mean scores in Empathy, Self-Control, Civility, Assertiveness, Social Development and in the overall total of the ASS scale. The same occurred when comparing the means of Perception of Social Support and Motivation to Learn of students with and without age/grade discrepancy. The data obtained can contribute to preventive intervention actions for academic competences and social skills, aiming at improving school performance and maintaining regular progression.

Post-Traumatic Growth among Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer and Its Association with Social Support and Hope

Background: Diagnosis of cancer is a traumatic experience. But cancer patients may have some positive experiences that are called post traumatic growth (PTG). The aim of this study was to determine the rate of post-traumatic growth in cancer patients and its relationship with social support and hope. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive correlational study was conducted during May-August 2018 in Shiraz, Iran. Population included of 112 all adult patients with gastrointestinal cancer who referred to medical centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Data collection instruments included a demographic information form, post-traumatic growth inventory, social support appraisals scale, and Miller hope scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 23.0). P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analytical data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, sample t test, one-way analysis of variance independent and multiple regression analysis. In the case of non-normal distribution, the equivalent nonparametric analysis was used. Results: The mean score (SD (for PTG was 81.37)15.64(which is considered as high level. The mean score (SD) for hope, and SS was 195.20 (24.92), and 97.39 (11.37), respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between PTG and both hope (r=0.687, P˂0.05) and SS (r=0.636, P˂0.05). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed a significant relationship between PTG, SS, and hope (P˂0.05). According to multiple regression analysis hope had a higher effect on PTG (ẞ=0.613) compared to SS (ẞ=0.192). Conclusion: The results showed a good level of PTG among the cancer patients. Regarding the association between PTG with the perceived SS and hope, health care providers can help their patient by hope instillation and providing social support.

Validity of the social support assessment scale in mothers of hospitalized premature neonates

Abstract Mothers staying with their premature babies, hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit tend to have reduced contact with friends and family, so it is pertinent that the perceived social support be evaluated during this period. This study aims to verify the validity of the Scale to evaluate the perceived social support by mothers of hospitalized premature babies. It is composed by the following dimensions: affective support; material support; informational support; emotionalsupport; embracing support; and attentional support. It is a sectional analytical study. The participants were 218 mothers of premature babies hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The social support Scale for mothers of hospitalized premature neonates demonstrates satisfactory psychometric quality, presenting evidence of criterion validity, internal consistency and internal structure.

The Effect of Self-Efficacy, Social Support and Quality of Life on Readiness for Transition to Adult Care Among Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis in Turkey

PurposeThe aim of this study is to examine the effects of self-efficacy, social support and quality of life on readiness for transition to adult care in adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Design and methodsA descriptive and cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from 50 adolescent between 14 and 17 years old with cystic fibrosis, by using The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire, Social Support Appraisals Scale for Children, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children and health-related quality-of-life instrument, the KIDSCREEN-10. ResultsA positive correlation was found between the readiness levels of adolescents for transition to adult care and self-efficacy levels. In path analysis, self-efficacy was found to have a significant effect on the level of readiness for transition to adult care. There was not statistically significant relationship between the level of readiness for transition to adult care and health-related quality of life and perceived social support. Path analysis revealed that health-related quality of life and perceived social support had significant effects on the self-efficacy levels of adolescents. ConclusionsSelf-efficacy were associated with readiness for the transition to adult care. Although perceived social support and quality of life were not related with transition readiness these variables had significant effects on perceived self-efficacy, which was determined as a factor affecting the readiness for the transition to adult care. Practice implicationsIn adolescents with cystic fibrosis, self-efficacy, social support and quality of life levels should be taken into account when planning preparation programs for transition to adult care.

The Role of Social Support in the Relationship Between Adolescents’ Level of Loss and Grief and Well-Being

In this study, the model, developed to examine the role of social support in the relationship between adolescents&amp;rsquo; level of loss and grief and well-being, was tested. In this study, the descriptive research method was used, and its participants consisted of 216 adolescents who were high school students, in Turkey. Scales used in this study include Personal Information Form; Grief Scale; Five-Dimensional Well-Being Scale for Adolescents (EPOCH); Social Support Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents (CASSS and Personal Information Form). The structural equation model was used to examine the mediator role of the social support in the association between grief and well-being among adolescents. It was found the hypothesized model fit the data well, and social support fully mediated in the association between grief and well-being. The high level of social support in the loss and mourning process of adolescents makes it easier to cope with grief and positively affects their well-beings. These results are important for focusing on adolescents who experience lost and grief, providing effective mental health services and demonstrating the importance of strengthening social support systems. Future studies with longitudinal follow-ups are suggested to explore actual causal relationships.

The effect of sport on perceived social support and future attitudes

The purpose of the study is to determine the perceptions and future attitude levels of the students about the social support they receive from their friends, families and teachers according to the variables of gender and doing / not doing sports. The research group consists of a total of 332 students, including 152 male and 180 female volunteering in the 7th and 8th grades in Gaziantep in the 2019-2020 academic year. The data was collected by applying the Personal Information Form, Social Support Appraisals Scale for Children (APP) and Attitude Towards the Future Scale. SPSS 22.0 statistical program was used to analyze the data. As a result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test applied after the descriptive analyzes, the groups did not show normal distribution, Mann Whitney-U test and Spearman's Rho correlation test were used. As a result of the analysis of the data; Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of social support and sub-dimensions, and attitudes towards future and sub-dimension scores of male and female students who do sports, and students who do and do not do sports (p &lt; 0.05). As a result of Spearman's Rho test, positive and negative relations were found between the sub-dimensions of social support and attitude towards the future (p &lt; 0.05 / p &lt; 0.01). Based on the findings of our research and our literature reviews, we can say that sports increase the social support perceptions that individuals receive from their friends, families and teachers, and their positive and planned attitude levels towards the future.

The Relationship between Social Support and General Health among Employees of Ceramic Tile Industry: A case study

Introduction: Workers' health is highly important since it affects a country’s industry. Social support plays an important role in employees’ health. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and general health among employees of Yazd Ceram Tile Company in 2017.&#x0D; Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 224 employees of Yazd Ceram Tile Company were selected using census sampling. Data collection instruments included demographic information questionnaire, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Social Support Appraisals (SS‐A) scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests.&#x0D; Results: Social support had an inverse relationship with all domains of general health. In other words, increased social support improved the employees’ general health. Social support had a significant relationship with the two dimensions of social dysfunction and depression (p&lt;0.0001 and p= 0.028, respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: The factory staffs were at a relatively good level of social support, but they were close to the cut-off point considering their general health level. In general, higher levels of social support can lead to higher levels of general health in employees. This relationship is more important in terms of social functioning and depression (two dimensions of general health).

Predictors of Adolescents’ Attitudes Towards the Inclusion of Peers with Special Educational Needs

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with adolescents’ attitudes towards peers identified as having special educational needs (SEN) in Portuguese mainstream schools. A sample of 813 students (5th to 9th grades) participated in this study. Data were collected using the Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes towards Children with Special Needs Scale, the KIDSCREEN 10 Quality of Life Scale, and the Social Support Appraisal Scale as well as a brief sociodemographic questionnaire. The results indicate that perceiving social support from family and teachers and having a friend or a family member with SEN is associated with more positive affective and behavioural attitudes towards peers with designated SEN. Perceiving social support from the family and having a classmate or a family member with SEN was associated with more positive cognitive attitudes. After the remaining variables were controlled, the perceived quality of life was not uniquely related to attitudes towards SEN. The importance of these findings for research and practice is discussed.

Prediction of Child Development based on Social Determinants of Health: A Path Analysis

Background: Many factors can effect on children's abilities and development. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of some risk factors as maternal health on child development using path analysis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 608 mothers and their children, multistage sampling method, in the city of Yasouj, Iran. The data collection instrument was questionnaire-based. The researcher-made questionnaire included a demographic characteristics information form for mothers and a child profile form. Other questionnaires included Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Socioeconomic Inventory, Social Support Appraisals (SS-A) scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS-14), Perceived Stress Scale (14 items), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI-II), and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. Mothers completed the questionnaires in 4 days and after that handed them over to the researcher in the kindergartens.To analyze the data, the SPSS software version 20.0 and LISREL 8.8 and path analysis test were used. Results: Amount of developmental delay was 17.4% and the minimum and maximum delays were reported in problem-solving, personal-social skills and communication domains. There was a significant correlation between developmental status of children and socio-economic status, depression, social support, anxiety and marital satisfaction but correlation between developmental status of children and perceived stress was not significant. The final path model fitted well (RMSEA= 0.018, CFI= 1, NFI=1, IFI=1). Maternal anxiety had the most significant effect on child development (βTotal = -0.24722). Conclusion: Many factors including socio-economic status, maternal anxiety, perceived stress, social support, anxiety, and depression can affect on the developmental status of 3 to 5 year-old children.