Social Security Participation Research Articles

The application of the services of the social security administration agency in Hospitals in the perspective of the national social security system

The relationship between the parties is a relationship based on law. Social security must cooperate with hospitals. Social security participants can use these hospitals under a tiered referral system, except in emergencies. This research examines the law conceptualized as norms or rules that apply in society by using a juridical approach through a statutory procedure, historical method, philosophical approach, and futuristic approach. Sources of data obtained using literature studies this literature study is carried out to find secondary data related to conceptions, theories, and opinions related to the problem under study. From the research, the state guarantees all cost difficulties, improves health services, and improves health status by implementing Universal Health Coverage. The ease of the treatment process using insurance is considered a significant benefit as a manifestation of the mandate of the Constitution. The guarantee of health costs for the community is realized in health financing. The government can also control the quality and cost of health organized by hospitals considering the impact received by the community as service recipients.

ANALISIS DURASI PEMBAYARAN MANFAAT PENSIUN BERKALA PADA PROGRAM JAMINAN SOSIAL PENSIUN DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD

Uncertainty of the expiration date of payment defined benefit pension to Pension Social Security participants, makes the company has to work hard to ensure adequacy of fund to pay pension benefits in the long term. To test about pattern of the duration of payment defined benefit pension and the factors that affect can use the cox proportional hazard method. Through the cox proportional hazard method, it can be seen the relationship between the factors that cause an event to occur (time-dependent covariate) and the response variable is survival time. The results of the analysis using the nonparametric survival method indicate that the probability for the time duration of payment defined benefit pension changes significantly in a period of less than 10 months is still relatively high. Using the forward selection method with Cox proportional hazard model, we obtained information that the recipient relationship, age, contribution period, and working capital protection risk rate are the factors that make the best-fit model with the smallest -2 log likelihood ratio, which is 216400.77.

Analisis Kepesertaan Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan di Usaha Mikro dan Kecil

Social Security employment is one of the government's programs to protect Indonesian workers because this is the mandate of Article 28H paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, after which the government established Law No. 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System and Law No. 24 of 2004 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agency. The regulations mentioned are an active form of the state to protect its people, one of which is from the labor sector. The authors took a study based on some of these rules by taking the title of the analysis of social security participation in employment for micro and small businesses. The formulation of this research problem is 1) what employment social security programs have been followed by job providers in micro and small businesses 2) What factors are the obstacles for job providers in micro and small businesses in participating in the employment social security program. This research is exploratory with a qualitative approach with research objects in small and small businesses, the use of data using primary and secondary data sources. The large number of participants who do not know and participate in BPJS Employment is an obstacle to the lack of participation of BPJS Employment.

Assessment of health and social security agency participants proportion using hierarchical bayesian small area estimation

Data on the number of health insurance participants at the subdistrict level is crucial since it is strongly correlated with the availability of health service centers in the areas. This study’s primary purpose is to predict the proportion of health and social security participants of a state-owned company named Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS) in eleven subdistricts in Padang, Indonesia. The direct, ordinary least square, and hierarchical Bayesian for small area estimation (HB-SAE) methods were employed in obtaining the best estimator for the BPJS participants in these small areas. This study found that the HB-SAE method resulted in better estimation than two other methods since it has the smallest standard deviation value. The auxiliary variable age (percentage of individuals more than 50 years old) and the percentage of health complaints have a significant effect on the proportion of the number of BPJS participants based on the HB-SAE method.

Underfunded Public Sector Pension Plans, Social Security Participation, and the Retirement Decisions of Public Employees

Underfunded Public Sector Pension Plans, Social Security Participation, and the Retirement Decisions of Public Employees

Underfunded Public Sector Pension Plans, Social Security Participation, and the Retirement Decisions of Public Employees

Underfunded Public Sector Pension Plans, Social Security Participation, and the Retirement Decisions of Public Employees

Comparative Study of Legal Protection for Migrant Workers In Participation Of Social Security Programs In Indonesia And Singapore

Social security is one of the basic rights of workers both local and migrant workers as stated on Art. 25 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The enactment of single markets and production based in the era of ASEAN Economic Community inevitably brings migrant workers particularly in Indonesia and Singapore. This must be in line with a proper legal instruments to protect migrant workers’ rights in a social security participation. This study aims to compare on how Indonesia and Singapore provide legal protection to migrant workers in the social security participation and what social security programs that can be followed in both countries. The research method used is a normative research method with a statute approach. The result of the study shows that Indonesia has provided protection for migrant workers the same way as local workers as stated on Art. 22 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, whereas Singapore only provides the social security to local workers. Migrant workers get the protection through other ways, namely insurance and bilateral/multilateral agreements. For the social security programs followed by migrant workers, both Indonesia and Singapore do not provide the programs related to what has been regulated on Art. 25 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Introduction

Introduction

Dual Incentives and Dual Asset Building: Policy Implications of the Hutubi Rural Social Security Loan Programme in China

AbstractThe Hutubi Rural Social Security Loan programme is a policy innovation in a rural area of China, which loans savings in social security accounts back to peasants for them to buy assets for agricultural and other development. In contrast to the nationwide recession in rural social security, this programme has shown its success in proliferating rural social security funds and retaining social security participants. With a focus on the administrative data of the loan programme, this study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the loan programme and examine how asset building is possible for the poor when institutional incentives are offered. The findings show that when proper policy incentives are provided, poor peasants can build assets. The Hutubi programme may be a good model for other rural areas in China and other developing countries.

Elimination of Social Security in a Dynastic Framework

Much of the existing literature on social security has taken the extreme assumption that individuals have little or no altruism; this paper takes an opposite assumption that there is full two-sided altruism. When households insure members that belong to the same family line, privatizing social security can gain public support. In our benchmark model calibrated to the U.S. economy, privatization without compensation is favoured by 52% of the population. If social security participants are fully compensated for their contributions, and the transition to privatization is financed by a combination of debt and a consumption tax, 58% experience a welfare gain. These gains and the resulting public support for social security reform depend critically on a flexible labour market. If the labour supply elasticity is low, then support for privatization disappears. Issues surrounding social security reform in the U.S. and elsewhere continue to generate attention from both economists and policy-makers. The unfunded public pension system provides insurance against mortality and individual income risks for which insurance through private markets is either unavailable or difficult due to moral hazard and other reasons. At the same time, the unfunded system distorts the saving and labour supply decisions and imposes a deadweight cost on the society. When these two sets of effects of social security are evaluated in economic models, it is almost always the case that the unfunded system has an overall welfare cost on the households. While most research in this area considers pure life-cycle models, in this paper we study

Accounting for Social Security and Its Reform

How well did the Social Security system do last year? According to the most recent annual report prepared by system's Board of Trustees, the Social Security trust funds showed a $165.4 billion net increase in assets in 2002 and reported accumulated reserves of nearly $1.4 trillion by year end. Unfortunately, these glowing reports are a cash-flow illusion, revealing only the difference between the system's annual cash receipts and its yearly payments for benefits and administrative expenses. Were the finances of the Social Security system restated under principles of accrual accounting, which recognizes commitments to make future payments when those obligations are actually incurred, the Social Security trust funds would have had to report a loss of several hundred billion dollars in 2002. Moreover, as of December 31, 2002, an accrual-based balance sheet of the Social Security system would have revealed more than $14.0 trillion of accrued liabilities to Social Security participants and beneficiaries. Even allowing for the system's $1.4 trillion of accumulated reserves as well as the value of excess future taxes to be paid by current participants over the rest of their working lives, the Social Security trust funds had unfunded obligations on the order of $10.5 trillion as of year-end 2002. This implicit debt of the Social Security system is several times greater than the explicit debt burden of the federal government and is growing by hundreds of billions of dollars each year. In addition to misrepresenting the magnitude of the Social Security system's looming financial crisis, the current accounting system for Social Security distorts public debate over Social Security reform proposals and confuses the relationship between Social Security and the rest of the federal budget. Accrual accounting, in contrast, would provide a clearer picture of the true state of the Social Security's current financial shortfall and the extent to which the system's burden on future generations is increasing each year. Accrual accounting would also create political incentives for our leaders to address Social Security's difficulties in a timely manner, and enhance the quality of public debate over the relative merits of competing reform proposals.

The False Promise of Social Security Privatization

Social Security is the single largest transfer program in the world. In 1999, Social Security paid $334.4 billion in benefits to retired workers and their families and collected $396.4 billion in taxes. More than 151 million persons worked in jobs covered by Social Security and paid Social Security taxes, while more than 37.9 million received benefits. In 1998 more than 90 percent of elderly households received social security payments, and such payments provided more than half of total income for 64 percent of individuals aged 65 and older living alone. According to all observers, Social Security faces a long-term financial problem. Although the Social Security Trust Fund currently boasts a substantial balance and collects far more in taxes than it pays out in benefits, this situation will change over the next several decades as the Baby Boom generation hits retirement age. By 2015 Social Security will be paying more in benefits than it collects in taxes, and by 2039 the Trust Fund will be exhausted, given current benefit formulas and tax rates. Partially in response to this problem, but also to address other concerns about Social Security, a growing chorus of politicians, policy analysts, and economists advocates the full or partial privatization of Social Security. Among politicians, President George W. Bush has made partial privatization the center-piece of his solution to the Social Security crisis. Among economists, Harvard University's Martin Feldstein is the most visible advocate of this approach, but many others have endorsed some form of privatization. Similarly, policy analysts at conservative and libertarian think tanks also support privatization. Privatization means creating private, individual accounts in which Social Security participants would put some or all of the monies they would otherwise pay in Social Security taxes. One common argument in support of this approach is that, since stocks have historically paid a higher return than either the government bonds held in the Social Security Trust Fund or Social Security contributions themselves, allowing individuals to purchase stocks rather than paying taxes will improve Social Security's rate of return and thereby alleviate the impending crisis. In this paper we explain that privatization per se does nothing to alleviate Social Security's impending fiscal imbalance or improve Social Security's rate of return. Privatization might have desirable consequences - as well as negative ones - but for reasons independent of the alleged crisis. Our goal is not to advocate for or against privatization; we simply attempt to clarify what privatization can and cannot accomplish in hopes of focusing debate on the real issues.