Social Security In China Research Articles

The income redistribution effect of social security in China

Based on the data collected by China Household Income Project (CHIP), this paper compares the redistribution effect of China's social security in 2013 and 2018, respectively. The results show that the overall redistribution effect of China's social security has been enhancing. First, social security transfer income has played a moderate role in narrowing income inequality, while social security contribution, especially the medical insurance contribution, has widened the income gap. Second, the redistribution effects of social security on rural residents and migrant workers have increased. Third, social security effectively offset the growing income gap due to market factors in eastern China but failed to realize it in central and western China. Fourth, the narrowing of the urban-rural-migrant gap and regional gap in social security has promoted the enhancement of the overall redistribution effect of social security. Fifth, compared with high-income countries, the redistribution effect of China's social security system operated on a much smaller scale. We conclude by putting forward some policy suggestions.

National characteristics of pension insurance system in China

Aim. To determine the directions of development of the pension insurance system in China, taking into account the peculiarities of its creation and development in the conditions of modern demographic trends.Tasks. To study the impact of population ageing on the Chinese economy; to analyse the pension insurance system in China; to determine the prospects and recommendations for improving the sustainability of pension insurance in China.Methods. The study is based on the use of methods of scientific knowledge, analysis and synthesis, comparison, application of systemic and institutional approaches to assess the pension insurance system in China.Results. The paper studies the formation and development of the pension system of the People’s Republic of China. The article analyses the dynamics of economic indicators on pension and insurance markets of China, presents the characteristic of demographic situation. The assessment of the sustainability of social security in China is presented.Conclusions. Basic pension insurance dominates the Chinese pension system. Accelerating population ageing is a major challenge for the system. At the same time, corporate and individual insurance have a certain potential for growth, as a result, it is the dynamics of their development that will determine the vector of development of the entire pension system of China.

중국 호적경찰제도에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to make analysis of the meaning, organization, operation, evaluation, and development of the Chinese household registration police system, and to gain a deeper understanding of the “police” as an inherent object of Police Science research.
 The household registration system in most countries and societies can be understood as a population information management system operated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs or a department in the general administrative field. However, the “Integration of household registration and police” household registration police system that is now being implemented in China classifies the household registration system as part of the security, and the registration and management of personal information as part of the basic police operations.
 From its inception, China's modern household registration system was in the hands of the police. As the political situation changed, the household registration system was given a different purpose. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government set the primary purpose of the household registration system as the administration of public order and the maintenance of social order, influenced by three levels: historical influence, former Soviet influence, and its own needs. Such a household registration system is now considered as the foundation system of China's household police system.
 Household registration operations are emphasized as one of the most basic and important tasks of the Chinese public security police. The Chinese public security authorities have invested a great deal of manpower and resources in the operation of the household registration police system, resulting in a level of social security in China that is comparable to that of developed countries around the world. However, new problems that need to be addressed have arisen, such as leakage of personal information and negative social perception of the public security department.
 The Chinese household police system illustrated above has a great morphological difference from the police system that can be seen in most societies such as Korea. However, in terms of the concept of police, which is centered on the actual operation, the Chinese household police system can be considered as the police in the actual sense.

The Development of China’s Urban Social Security System, 1949–1988

This study examines the records of urban social security in China between 1949 and 1988 to test the applicability of the popular theory on social security development, thereby elucidating the impact of a country’s politics on the modification of the design, operation, and transformation of its social security. This study complements existing theories and questions regarding the correlation between industrialisation and the development of social security and tests the utility of popular theories of social security development for understanding the Chinese case. In order to conduct cross-period comparison and identify the changes in China’s urban social security, the study period—namely, 1949 to 1988—is divided according to changes in the doctrine of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Focusing on the emergence of and modifications to China’s social security system before its reform in 1988, this study identifies the structural features and philosophy of its institutional design and analyses its development using statistical data. More specifically, this study reveals how changes in the doctrine of the CCP decisively impacted the development of China’s urban social security. In doing so, this study demonstrates a new means of predicting a country’s social security development.

Https://hjournal.ru/en/journals/journal-of-economic-regulation/2021/264-no-3/2246-the-social-security-system-in-china-historical-approach.html

This article discusses the stages and characteristics of social security in China within the framework of the historical approach. Although the institutional practice of the social security system appeared in ancient China in the early 20th century, some elements of social security have already existed in ancient China in the Western Zhou period. The social security system was formed in a long historical period from Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. This system was dif-ferent from the western countries and had a complex ideological basis. It was based on the traditional elements like country, folk, culture, religion, family, clan, and others. With the alternation of dynasties, social security still has the characte-ristics of locality, national responsibility, cultural characteristics, the role of the family, and other fundamental characteristics. This system of protection is based on social assistance and continues its importance so far. The historical approach has identified key stages and the traditional institutional practices of social securi-ty, which the Chinese system of social support for the poor relies upon.

Population Aging and Social Security in China

Population Aging and Social Security in China

The Development of Social Security in China (1949-2019)

Over the past 60 years, the social security system has continued to advance with the development of the economy. Especially since China’s Reform and Opening-up, the role and status of social security have become more and more prominent. With the evolution of value concepts and the transformation of the system interacted with each other, China's social security has embarked on a complicated track of establishing and reform. In 2003, the Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the Central Committee's Decision on Several Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System and proposed that accelerating to found a social security scheme that is matching with the level of economic development. Thus, the social security can become an integral part of the economic system reform. It was not until the Tenth National Congress in 2004, the constitutional amendment was passed, which the provisions of “establishing a sound social security system” were officially included into the constitution, demonstrating that the social security system has formally become a necessary basic institutional arrangement. The status of the social security in China has gradually increased, and the whole society has been increasingly valued its role.

Labor Employment and Social Security in China’s First Village of Reforming and Anhui Province

Labor Employment and Social Security in China’s First Village of Reforming and Anhui Province

China's “labour shortage” and migrant workers' lack of social security

AbstractSince 2004, the massive flow of surplus rural labour in China has dried up; indeed, the country's eastern coastal region is currently experiencing a “labour shortage”. This phenomenon, which is bound up with China's ongoing economic and social development, has arisen because migrant workers have little or no social security in China. Rather than a labour shortage, there is in fact still a huge rural labour surplus. If the system governing migrant workers' social security and labour rights were improved, this could ease the apparent labour shortage and solve firms' employment problems, thereby increasing productivity and supporting China's long‐term economic growth.

Fertility Policies and Social Security Reforms in China

This paper analyzes the impact of relaxing fertility controls and expanding social security in China. We develop an overlapping generations model in which fertility decisions and capital accumulation are endogenously determined in the presence of social security. In our model, children are an alternative savings technology—as they transfer resources to their retired parents. Important feedback links arise between fertility and social security variables: an expansion of social security benefits reduces fertility—partially offsetting the effects of relaxing the one-child policy. The feedback loop between social security variables and fertility suggests that abandoning fertility restrictions may not be as effective in helping to finance China’s intended pension reform, especially if children are an important source of old-age support. The sustainability of the pension system is particularly at risk in the event of a growth slowdown. The objective of pension reforms may also be incongruent with other reforms, such as financial liberalization and financial integration.

Demographic Transition, Developmentalism and Social Security in China

AbstractThis article studies the current demographic transition in China and its implications on the country's social welfare reform, particularly its Old Age Social Security (OASS) development. The developmental approach is analyzed to examine how developmentalism affects China's social welfare reform. Reviewing the historical development of the OASS system after the 1980s, this article discusses the major issues and concerns under the current system and the challenges it faces for future development. Further studies are called upon to address these issues in order to build a financially sound and socially equitable welfare system in China.

Social Security in China: Government White Paper

Population and Development ReviewVolume 31, Issue 1 p. 185-189 Social Security in China: Government White Paper First published: 30 March 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2005.00059.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract The largest financial problem faced by many aging societies is how to support their older, retired members. That support was once wholly a matter for individual families, with perhaps a minimal safety net offered by charitable institutions. Increasingly, in the usual course of economic development, the requisite transfers become a responsibility of the state—financed either through tax revenues or by pensions offered by (or required of) employers. The combination of lengthening life expectancy at later ages and falling fertility, however, makes those transfers ever more onerous as fewer workers are expected to support greater numbers of retirees. The situation is often likened to the approaching collapse of a Ponzi scheme. Not surprisingly, governments see an attractive solution in what is in effect a reprivatization of responsibility—not back to the family but right to the individual, through a system of individual retirement accounts (albeit with considerable state supervision). The financial trans-fers—savings and later dissavings—then take place over each person's life cycle. Establishing a social security system—through pay-as-you-go transfers, individual retirement accounts, or some combination of the two—is a major institution-building and administrative task for a developing country, the more so in the context of rapid population aging. China is certainly a case of rapid aging, with the proportion of the population over age 60 projected to rise from 10 percent in 2000 to 20 percent by 2025 and 30 percent by 2050. The document excerpted below, a 2004 White Paper issued by the government of China, describes China's current social insurance provisions and the proposed expansion of coverage (beyond government employees and the urban formal sector) over coming years. In urban areas, it envisages pension coverage of “all eligible employees,” with an increasing emphasis on personal accounts. (Not mentioned is the situation of the large “floating population” of informal rural-to-urban migrants.) In rural areas, reliance on family support perforce continues: in 2003, only 2 million farmers are reported as drawing old-age pensions. A safety-net provision for the destitute elderly with no family provides for another 2.5 million. The document mentions various experimental schemes in rural areas. One, for medical insurance, covers 95 million residents; another offers an annual “reward” to those over 60 who have only one child (or two girls). The excerpts comprise sections I (Old-age Insurance) and X (Social Security in Rural Areas) and the Conclusion of the White Paper, China's Social Security and Its Policy, issued by the Information Office of the State Council, Beijing, September 2004. Volume31, Issue1March 2005Pages 185-189 RelatedInformation

In the Pursuit of New Ideologies: Social Security in China and Chile

This study depicts the development of welfare state systems in CHina and Chile, with a pronounced focus on their social security provision. After presenting the two case studies that are based on detailed insights into the historical and political development related to the respective welfare state systems, the author considers a potentially grave consequence of new ideologies on the social policy in both countries. The author attends to old and new problems that impose on social and economic development, and outlines past, recent and future devolpments and challenges of these welfare state systems. Finally, the paper provides some major conclusions and more analytical outlook for the future of social policy in CHina and Chile.

The Administration and Financing of Social Security in China. By Nelson U. S. Chow. [Centre of Asian Studies, Occasional Monograph No. 74, University of Hong Kong, 1988. 117 pp.

The Administration and Financing of Social Security in China. By Nelson U. S. Chow. [Centre of Asian Studies, Occasional Monograph No. 74, University of Hong Kong, 1988. 117 pp.