Social Relations Research Articles

Iranian children's memorable rural tourism experiences

Family traveling, especially to rural areas, may lead to appealing fun experiences for children and make them memorable. Memorable experiences of children from various aspects can be useful for policy makers and planners of destinations, parents and children. The effectiveness of travels and children's learning from traveling are among the most significant concerns of parents and tourism activists. So, identifying and understanding children's memorable experiences of traveling to rural areas of Iran that has various local cultures can influence filling such gaps as future destination planning, developing child-friendly rural destinations, family traveling, designing child-oriented tourism programs, and future generation's being loyal to local destinations. This study aimed to identify Iranian children’ memorable rural tourism experiences. The sample includes 37 children from ages 6 to 12. Interpretive phenomenology was used to conduct the study with the help of interviews and the analysis of the content of children's paintings. This study shows that children pay attention like adults to such elements as people, space, activities, objects, and social relations during their travel. Moreover, the conducted interviews resulted in 45 key notions categorized into 6 basic axes of memorable experiences: being exciting, being informative, being novel and unique, being gratifying, being socially involved, and negative experiences. This study provides insights on identifying and understanding the issues affecting the creation of memorable tourism experiences for children that travel to rural areas. The issues would help parents in taking child-oriented tourism travels, planners in designing child-friendly tourism destinations, and tourism service providers in delivering child friendly offerings.

Feeding the Philistine city. An isotopic investigation of animal resources at Ashkelon in the Iron I

The Iron I period (1200–1000 BCE) at the archaeological site of Ashkelon, Israel ushers in the beginnings of Philistine control of the city. Varied taxonomy in the animal bone remains in the context of domestic dwellings at Ashkelon reveals shifting patterns of consumption over time (Hesse and Fulton, 2020;Master and Aja, 2020). One hypothesis suggests that the use of cattle as traction/draught animals as part of an intensive agricultural system led to increased cattle bone remains in the Iron I, and these animals were likely pastured in fields directly related to the city (Hesse and Fulton, 2020). This hypothesis is tested by applying geographical and environmental interpretations to the isotopic composition of tooth enamel (carbon, oxygen and strontium) from domestic animals including cattle, donkeys, sheep and goats (caprines), and pigs. The hypothesis of draught cattle is not supported. While cattle were intensively managed, they were grazed in diverse locations across the landscape not centered around the city of Ashkelon. This specialized production strategy would have necessitated important cooperative social and economic relationships between urban consumers and inland farmers and herders who provided animals to the city.

Alice Rohrwacher’s Cinema of Poetry

Alice Rohrwacher’s La Chimera (2023), the director’s fourth feature, opens with a young woman’s face, her glow, her blondeness. Rohrwacher is at once one of the most singular and most successful directors making films in Italy today. I look here at the distinct, full-throated critique of patriarchy and of machismo, in Italy and beyond, present in all her films but most forcefully in La Chimera. A vision of social and gender relations that transcend patriarchy, a refusal of indenture and violence, a focus on care for the earth and all living beings, orient her work and direct it toward the future. I see this as part of a broader project of antipatriarchal world making, one that depends not on the gender of the director or cinematographer, but on the vision the films propose: a vision realized in Rohrwacher’s cinema of poetry.

Flirtations with Eros from a Black-Eyed Squint: Romantic Love in the Oeuvre of Ama Ata Aidoo

ABSTRACT: What's love got to do with it? Everything—suggests Ama Ata Aidoo, whose oeuvre, virtually without exception, foregrounds romantic love as part of a woman's well-being, obstacles to which constitute a decidedly feminist concern. Throughout Aidoo's career, her fiction highlights romantic love as the human relationship that has the greatest potential to achieve social justice, since it often transgresses boundaries of ethnicity, race, class, and various social taboos. At a personal level, union through love represents a reconciliation of broader political differences. In this sense, as in a range of others to be considered, the personal is shown to be political. Romantic love in Aidoo's project, furthermore, has the catalytic potential to transform and bring into congruence disjunct social relations, which, in a postcolonial context, disproportionately impact the lives of African women. The earliest recognition of the significance of eros in Aidoo's meditation was an unconscious one, where she echoed the dominant assumption of the African literary scene at the time, which saw love as a trivial personal concern. In a provocative self-critique, Aidoo reverses her earlier position when she acknowledges her own preoccupation with love across her career. A careful study of Aidoo's work suggests, however, that despite its power, romantic love finally is beset by obstacles to its realization, which leave social barriers in place and patriarchal structures untransformed. This black-eyed squint clearly does not see the world through rose-tinted glasses.

Landed estates and the place of public houses: Agricultural and industrial change in the English East Midlands, c.1860–1930

This article uses the records the Manvers and Portland estates in Nottinghamshire and north-east Derbyshire to consider the provision and management of licensed premises between the 1860s and 1930s. Using archival materials of land agents and solicitors, it examines the changing place of public houses in a range of local communities affected by agricultural decline and industrial change in the region. These include: small agricultural villages on the Manvers estate, where pubs were let with farmland; and, on the Portland estate, urbanising settlements and new colliery villages constructed in rural locations. The pub is presented as a place to see how agents balanced older social relations and responsibilities with the broader economic and social geographies remaking the region. The sale of estate pubs offers important insights into the process by which regional breweries assembled their own pub holdings, the legacy of which shaped the geography of drink well into the twentieth century.

The notarial mediation as an alternative way of resolving legal disputes in the Russian Federation

Mediation technologies are one of the alternative ways to resolve judicial disputes, and extrajudicial methods to resolve legal conflicts are a priority and promising direction. The mediation institute affects many aspects of social relations and is relevant in foreign legal orders and the Russian Federation. This paper aims to analyze the concept of notarial mediation as an alternative way of resolving legal disputes in the Russian Federation, define the issues related to its implementation, and further perspectives on its development. A set of methods was used to achieve the aim of the paper. Thus, the authors applied a systemic approach to study the implementation of the concept of “notarial mediation” in the Russian Federation. Also, comparative legal analysis was used to address the development of the concept of notarial mediation in different countries from a comparative perspective. The authors concluded that notarial mediation in the Russian Federation, one of the methods of out-of-court reconciliation, is becoming increasingly popular and in demand as an institution of dispute resolution with the help of a notary and a mediator (conciliator). Participation of a notary in the certification of the mediation agreement on the results of the mediation procedure guarantees the legality of the agreements reached and gives the mediation agreement executive force.

The legal policy in fostering the use of alternative dispute resolution procedures

The complications of social relations contribute to the growth of the number of disputes that result from conflict situations. In these conditions, the role of the state’s legal policy, aimed at stimulating the participants of social relations to choose economical, efficient, and prompt methods of conflict resolution, is significantly increasing. Improving the quality of dispute resolution directly correlates with a drop in the number of cases pending before a judge. This is achievable only through the development of the mechanisms of pre-trial dispute resolution and conciliation procedures. This paper aims to study legal issues and perspectives on the development of alternative dispute resolution based on the analysis of the legal policy of the Russian Federation. To achieve the mentioned goal, comparative legal analysis, a systemic approach, and formal-juridical methods were used to show the current developments of the legal policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of stimulating and incentivizing alternative dispute resolution. Authors concluded that, unlike the domestic legal order, in foreign states, there is not only a formed normative basis for the procedures of alternative dispute resolution but also political acts of stimulating tone, designed to actively involved in these procedures more and more participants of social relations in a state of conflict. It has been established that the legal policy on introducing alternative dispute resolution procedures in foreign legal orders is characterized by a shifted emphasis on family law.

Como gênero e raça estruturam o sistema prisional: Diálogos com Angela Davis sobre racismo e sexismo no controle punitivo brasileiro

Abstract We present an analysis of the phenomenon of female incarceration in Brazil, placing it as a concrete determination of the capitalist mode of production. We start from the issue of how the categories of gender and race act as structural elements of Brazilian penal control, based on the reading proposed by Angela Davis, in dialogue with authors of Brazilian feminist. For this reason, initially, we will promote initial debates about oppression as structures of social relations in capitalism. Subsequently, it will be necessary to discuss the oppression of gender and race in the Brazilian context, especially considering the overload of reproductive, invisible, and precarious work. Finally, we will analyze the consolidation of Brazilian punitive control as an instrument for the management of disposable bodies and the constant production and reproduction of racism and sexism in Brazilian culture. We will use materialistic analysis as a methodology, with the critical interpellation (ana-dialectical moment of the method) through the critical analytical, theoretical framework of the black feminism theory. With the formulations, we can conclude, in short, that the violent and racist management of the penal system maintains a solid Brazilian social structure, subjecting the bodies of black women to the harder process of vulnerability imposed by punitive state control.

The technology or the child? Moving beyond technological fixes in deaf education in India and elsewhere

ABSTRACT As cochlear implants become the gold standard in intervening on deafness around the world, teachers of deaf children are increasingly expected to have technological expertise and to ensure that cochlear implants, and other hearing technology, are being used and that they are working. Students are only considered “ready to learn” if they are using their technology. Drawing from ethnographic research and semi-structured interviews with educators, families, surgeons, speech and language therapists, and audiologists in Indian cities, this article mobilises two conceptual frameworks from medical anthropology and public health – the “biotechnical embrace” and the “structural competency framework” to argue that teachers of deaf children, both in India and internationally, need to think and work beyond technology. Ultimately, focusing on a child does not mean focusing (only) on technology but rather on seeing a child as enmeshed in social, political, educational, and economic structures and relations. Expanding educators’ focus to consider micro and macro scales is especially urgent now, as countries around the world implement programmes in which technology is the goal.

Loneliness is associated with more trust but worse trustworthiness expectations.

Subjective feelings of loneliness emerge due to unsatisfactory social relationships, representing a major risk for mental and physical well-being. Despite its social nature, evidence on how loneliness affects social behaviours and expectations is lacking. Using Bayesian analyses and economic games, we show in three different studies that lonelier individuals trusted their partners to a greater extent despite less favourable trustworthiness expectations, showing a greater discrepancy between their trusting behaviours and their expectations of others' trustworthiness. Such discrepancy was reversed in extravert individuals who also reported to be less lonely. These results provide evidence on two opposing effects of loneliness as a motivator for social connections and promoter of social withdrawal, and demonstrate the moderating role of personality traits. This work contributes to a better understanding of how loneliness impacts social behaviour and social expectations, with important downstream clinical implications for varying health conditions associated with heightened feelings of loneliness.

Social Statuses, Quality of Social Relationships, and Self-Esteem Among Older Adults in Canada: Resource Multiplication or Substitution?

This research examines how older adults' self-esteem is shaped by core social statuses and ongoing social relationships. Based on a national survey of Canadian older adults (N = 4010), analyses show that men have greater self-esteem than women, as do people with higher quality of social relationships and a high degree of educational attainment. Neither gender nor quality of social relationships intersect with education to shape self-esteem, but quality of social relationships is more strongly associated with self-esteem for women. Consequently, strong gender differences are observed at low levels of relationship quality, but these gender differences are negated at high levels of relationship quality. This research shows that social statuses and relationships cohere to shape self-esteem in later-life, but gender differences are not evident in the context of high-quality social relationships. Conversely, educational attainment appears to be a key determinant of high self-esteem, irrespective of gender or quality of social relationships.

Democratizing the monetary provisioning system to enable social-ecological transformation

Any society must undertake economic activities, which are embedded within social systems, to generate the flow of goods and services to provide for the material means of life, including the provisioning of money. The economic ideology of money as a “neutral” medium of exchange obfuscates the sociopolitical nature of the monetary provisioning system. In contrast, we ground our analysis in the understanding of money as a social relation, and we apply the lens of social provisioning to the monetary system. This view makes clear that the monetary system is embedded within, and reinforces, existing hierarchies and power structures and evolves through processes of political contestation. First, our analysis traces how changes in the monetary system have shaped the institutional structures of early capitalism such that the monetary system was seemingly depoliticized. Second, we apply this historical analysis to generate a deeper understanding of current monetary contestations. We apply a discourse analysis of the European Union’s fiscal rules to reflect these debates. The monetary system as it has taken shape through the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the political nature of money back into the public imaginary. Accordingly, we highlight the role and power of the state as guarantor of the functioning of the monetary system. A full acknowledgement of this governmental capacity could create renewed space for monetary contestations and democratization. Our analysis reveals that these are both necessary elements to ensure the financing and macroeconomic stability of a social-ecological transformation.

Academic Stress and Subjective Well-Being among Adolescents on Islamic Boarding School in Rural Aceh

Subjective well-being (SWB) is something that is directly related to what a person thinks and how they feel about their life. SWB is one of the important things for adolescents, it could influence the learning process, social, and emotional relationships. However, adolescents who have low SWB will easily experience depression, fatigue and anxiety. This research aims to determine the relationship between subjective well-being and academic stress in adolescents at one of the Islamic boarding schools in Aceh, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents in an Islamic boarding school in Aceh Province, Indonesia. There were 169 respondents were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The results of the Chi-square test analysis showed a relationship between academic stress and subjective well-being in adolescents (p-value 0.030). Therefore, academic stress is an important aspect to pay attention because it can affect adolescents' subjective well-being. It is suggested that community health centers and Islamic boarding schools to increase the involvement of adolescents in peer counsellor programs so that adolescents can have good stress management and improve stressors through health promotion.

Artificial Intelligence

Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are able to optimise our lives par excellence, and it is clear that this will only increase as time passes. In many ways, this is very promising, but the forms that AI takes in our society have also sparked many concerns about dehumanisation. What is often recognised is that AI systems implicitly exert social power relations—whether intentionally or not, as might be the case with bias—such that the danger would be gone if only we improved our models and uncovered this hidden realm of intentional oppression. However, these views overlook the possibility that detrimental consequences may also arise precisely because AI is able to attain favourable goals flawlessly. This problem of adverse side effects, which are strictly accidental to the goals we set for AI to effectuate, is explored through the notion of “non-intentional dehumanisation”. To articulate this phenomenon, this essay consists of two parts. The first part will establish how naive AI usage presents a paradigmatic case of this problem. In the second part, we will argue that these issues occur in a two-fold fashion; not only does AI risk inducing harm to the “used-upon”, but also to the user. It is with this conceptual model that awareness may be brought to the counter side of our ready acceptance of AI solutions.

Public Spaces for Older People: A Review of the Relationship between Public Space to Quality of Life

This paper investigates the relationship between public spaces and quality of life (QoL) for older adults, aiming to identify knowledge gaps within the context of population ageing and urbanisation. Recognising the growing importance of sustainable urban development, the research explores how cities can foster active ageing and improve QoL through accessible and inclusive public spaces. A scoping literature review identifies five key QoL domains for older adults: autonomy, meaningful activities, positive social relationships, leisure opportunities, and health. To identify knowledge gaps, a review of the literature was conducted for each of the highlighted themes. The review highlights areas requiring further investigation, including the interplay between environmental design and social connections, intergenerational perspectives on public space liveliness, the influence of context on QoL and the built environment, and the value of qualitative research in this field. By contributing to the understanding of QoL in relation to public spaces through the lens of person–environment fit theory, this study aims to inform urban design, landscape architecture, and policymaking in the creation of age-friendly communities with inclusive public spaces.

Conceptualizing ephemerality in online marketing communication for consumers and firms

Purpose Consumers send billions of messages with high ephemerality each day, yet the effects of this type of communication are relatively unknown. Online ephemeral communication refers to sending and receiving information with a predetermined, finite lifespan in computer-mediated environments. The purpose of this paper is to conceptually understand online marketing communications with high ephemerality relative to messages with low ephemerality within a consumer’s goal system. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an attempt to conceptually understand how high ephemerality differs from low ephemerality, particularly as online ephemeral communication has emerged and is widely used by consumers and firms. Goal systems theory is applied to understand how ephemerality is a means for consumers to reach their communication goals. Findings Consumers are more likely to use messages with high ephemerality to impress with narrowly relevant content, regulate emotions, build social relationships, persuade others through peripheral cues and protect privacy, but messages with high ephemerality are less likely to help consumers manage their impression, acquire or share useful information or present strong arguments. It is also proposed that messages with high ephemerality can help marketers increase interest through frequent peripheral cues, including fun and friendly content, drive sales by creating a sense of urgency and increase loyalty, but are less likely to increase awareness, build interest through flattering or informative content or drive sales through transactional messages. Research limitations/implications This study primarily advances the goal systems literature by introducing ephemerality. The defining feature of ephemerality, lifespan, also has research implications for studies of word-of-mouth marketing. The propositions in this study are ready for empirical investigation as to when consumers and firms choose to send messages with low or high ephemerality. Practical implications Firms need to understand how consumers are using messages sent with low and high ephemerality in order for firms to best move consumers through the sales funnel. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first paper to differentiate messages with low and high ephemerality, identify the presence and effects of ephemerality in offline and online communication and explain how and why sending messages with low or high ephemerality can help consumers and firms reach their communication goals. There is only one other paper in marketing on ephemerality in online marketing communications and no other conceptual work.

Genre as an Act of Positioning

This article explores genres as recurrent acts of positioning that contribute to associating particular positions with the genre users as social actors. As an illustration, the study investigates the positioning of Chinese university presidents in their published opening convocation speeches. By combining rhetorical move analysis with the positioning triangle framework, this study demystifies three positions conventionally used by university presidents in the genre: guiding educator, morale builder, and university representative. These positions, legitimized by the role of the university president, establish specific types of social relations between the president and the students, which function as channels for the transmission of values, particularly collective values, to address relevant social expectations in Chinese society. This study suggests that the genre-based positioning analysis can offer valuable genre knowledge to novice practitioners, enabling them to familiarize themselves with adequate positionings that adhere to the code of conduct within a discourse community, thereby facilitating effective genre realization.

Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Role Playing

The role playing technique in group guidance is a role playing technique that aims to solve problems by involving social relationships. The aim of this research is to help counselors and counselees in the process of solving problems by understanding each other through the social relationships they form. This research method uses library research by collecting several sources such as journals, articles, books and other sources. The research results found in the application of role playing techniques in group guidance are, the benefits of role playing techniques in group guidance, the application of role playing techniques in group guidance, the effectiveness of role playing techniques in group guidance, and obstacles to implementing role playing techniques in group guidance.

Is digital development a factor of university-industry R&D collaboration and vice versa?

Abstract The purpose of the article is to determine and characterize relationships and their causality between indicators of digitalization of social relations and level of university-industry R&D collaboration. To conduct the research, a sample was formed for 20 countries of the world leaders in University-Industry R&D Collaboration indicator (as a part of Global Innovation Index) in 2022, which covers the following indices for period from 2011 to 2020: indicators of university-industry R&D collaboration, access to ICT, government online services, online creativity (as assessed by WIPO Global Innovation Index), and export of ICT goods (according to the World Bank). The methodological basis of the study was methods of correlation analysis (Pearson or Spearman, depending on data distribution, for which Shapiro-Wilk test for normal data distribution was previously applied) taking into account possible lags in time, VAR modelling, Granger test, and corresponding toolkit of STATA 18 software. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that the level of university-industry R&D collaboration is affected by such indicators of digitalization of social relations as online creativity (in 16 from 20 sample countries), access to ICT (in 12 countries) and the share of ICT goods exports in total exports (in 11 countries). At the same time, university-industry R&D collaboration is a cause of changes in the level of online creativity (in 15 from 20 sample countries), access to ICT (in 11 countries), public online services (in 10 from 19 sample countries) and the share of ICT goods exports (in 10 from 20 sample countries). The obtained results can be useful for stakeholders in R&D, innovative activities, development of state policy in the innovation and information sphere for making the most effective decisions in the context of stimulating the role of cooperation.

Bir Zamanlar Anadolu’da Filmi Bağlamında Türk Toplum Yapısında Bürokrasi, İktidar ve Kadın Görünümü

Nuri Bilge Ceylan's "Once Upon a Time in Anatolia" explores social dynamics and authority relations around a murder investigation set deep in Anatolia. The movie offers a good example of reading Turkish social structure through themes such as authority, hierarchy, bureaucracy and female innocence. Throughout the film, Power and hierarchy in the Turkish social structure reveals the authority structures and authority relations in the village society, while at the same time criticizing the bureaucratic structure in the society through bureaucracy, obstacles and dysfunction in the investigation process. Instead of the usual bureaucratic structure, Turkish society's perspectives, views and understanding of bureaucracy, authority and hierarchy relations and the manifestations of these concepts in society are seen. At the same time, it emphasizes the innocence of women, the powerlessness of female characters and the obligation to conform to social norms, thus opening up for discussion gender roles and the position of women in society. It tries to explain the Turkish social structure's perspective on women in the context of concepts such as innocence and punishment, as well as in the context of women and gender roles. In a general context, the relationship between concepts such as dichotomies, power, authority, bureaucracy and the Turkish social structure is revealed. The quiet and isolated village life of Anatolia actually harbors the complexity of social dynamics and power relations. By reflecting this complexity, the film allows for a deeper understanding of Anatolian society. "Once Upon a Time in Anatolia" is not just the story of a murder investigation, but rather a social and sociological portrait that examines the complexity of social structures and relations. Keywords- Authority Bureaucracy, Turkish Social Structure Woman