Social Protection In Ukraine Research Articles

Economic and legal principles of social protection of military personnel: World experience and Ukraine

The article considers principles of military personnel’ social protection in Ukraine, USA, Australia, and New Zealand in a comparative perspective. The framework used for the analysis is the dilemma of two opposing concepts of countries’ development and security – ‘warfare state’ and ‘welfare state’. The detrimental effect of skewing towards warfare state, manifested in skyrocketing growth of military field expenditures, is shown, backed up with an array of statistical data, scholars’ publications and expert analytics. It is demonstrated that the arising and essence of this opposition is rooted in the growing trends of securitization throughout the world, and detrimental effects of over-securitization on the overall welfare of country are justified. It is emphasized that for Ukraine, these concerns are particularly important, especially in the current conditions of war and the need, on the one hand, to effectively protect the country from aggression and on the other hand, enable economic and social resilience.

Legal status of the self-employed person in the field of social protection in Ukraine

Due to the existence of many scientific studies and various statements regarding the legal status of the self-employed person and their legal status in the field of social protection. It is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of important aspects of this issue. Especially in times of war, when the unemployment rate is steadily increasing and self-employed persons are increasing their value to the state. This is the reason for the relevance of the study. The purpose of this research is: to determine the legal status of the self-employed person in the field of social protection in Ukraine; to analyze the characteristics of legal regulation applicable to the self-employed; to process data on the basic principles of social security for the self-employed. Important steps are also to analyse the most significant problems faced by self-employed persons in the field of social protection and to discuss possible solutions.

CURRENT CHALLENGES OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION IN UKRAINE: ANALYSIS OF KEY TRENDS

The scientific article examines and analyzes the key trends of challenges in the field of social protection that are taking place in Ukraine at the current stage. Key aspects of these issues include: accessibility and equity in social protection, population aging and the pension system, poverty, social vulnerability, gender equality in social protection, effectiveness and financing, changes in society and the labor market, etc. In connection with the constant changes and development of society, social security causes unabated interest and generates many discussions. The problems of social security attract the close attention of researchers, politicians and the public, because they determine the way modern societies function and affect the quality of life of citizens. The identification and analysis of the key trends in the development of the sphere of social protection in Ukraine constitutes the relevance of this issue and the need for its more thorough research.
 A proactive approach to solving pressing problems and introducing new approaches is the key to ensuring sustainability, well-being and harmony in society. Solving the above-mentioned issues requires a comprehensive approach and joint efforts on the part of the authorities, public organizations and citizens. It is necessary to actively develop the economy, take care of social security, increase the availability of quality medical and educational services, as well as promote the creation of an appropriate environment for the development of families and raising children. Only in this way will Ukraine be able to achieve sustainable social development and ensure a decent future for its citizens
 The following methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis (to determine the main concepts, object, subject and tasks of the research); theoretical generalization (to reveal the peculiarities of the Ukrainian social protection system); comparison (during the analysis of foreign and domestic experience in this field), content analysis (this method was used to analyze textual information, such as legislative acts, regulatory documents and other sources, in order to identify key topics and trends in social protection of the population)

Соціальний захист населення в умовах воєнної агресії, повоєнного відновлення та євроінтеграції України

The world’s economic, social and political conditions are constantly changing, so the social protection system must be flexible, adaptive and take into account new challenges and trends, introduce innovations, and improve its efficiency to ensure stable and equitable development of society. For independent Ukraine, social protection is a relatively new social institution. Today, the system of legal regulation of social protection in Ukraine is established, but it is quite complex and includes a wide range of legislative acts. The purpose of this research is to summarize scientific findings and analyze the legal framework for the efficient functioning of the institution of social protection of the population in modern conditions, and to substantiate the government policy of building a model of national social policy of Ukraine which conforms to the principles and meets the standards of the European Union’s social policy. The novelty of the work lies in the further development of approaches to studying the theoretical aspects of social protection. The research is based on the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, expert opinions, and open source information. The methods of measurement, grouping, comparative analysis, induction, deduction and generalization, etc. are used in the research. The article examines the concept of social protection in Ukraine as a system, defines the hierarchical levels of its legal regulation. The authors identify and characterize the specific functions of social protection which most fully reflect the essence of the country’s socio-economic life. Based on the analysis of the legal framework, the authors characterize the main state social guarantees for citizens and their dynamics. Considerable attention is given to the role of social protection in the context of military aggression, and the government’s involvement in solving urgent problems is outlined. In addition, the authors analyze the government’s policy on the necessity of introducing a new model of social policy that would conform to the principles and meet the standards of the European Union’s social policy.

Constitutional and legal provision of the right to social protection in Ukraine

Constitutional and legal provision of the right to social protection in Ukraine

The concept of social protection in Ukraine: a theoretical and legal review of the problem of a unified interpretation

The concept of social protection in Ukraine: a theoretical and legal review of the problem of a unified interpretation

"WAR STATE" AND "WELFARE STATE" SYMBIOSIS IN THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE

The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of the war on social protection and social security in the country, to examine the interdependence between the level of social security of the population and the military power of the state, to develop effective mechanisms for strengthening social protection in Ukraine during the war and its post-war recovery. Methodology. The use of multi-criteria analysis of integral indices such as the index of security threats, the index of refugees and displaced persons, the index of comprehensive national power, as well as the use of formulas for calculating the power of the state, made it possible to trace the impact of the war on the social component, the development of social security, the institutionalisation process of social protection systems, the creation of ministries of national welfare in order to overcome the socio-economic consequences of the war. The results of the study demonstrate the synergistic effect of strengthening the state's defence capabilities, its military strength and increasing the effectiveness of social policy, the level of social security of the country's citizens. Practical implications. The Ukrainian model of state functioning in times of war is defined as a symbiosis, a combination of effective social protection policy and strengthening the country's military power through systematic support of the army: "a strong home front is a strong army". Value/Originality. Russia's full-scale war against sovereign Ukraine, like a litmus test, has revealed the instability of the global system and convincingly proves the need to develop the Ukrainian model of a "social welfare state in wartime" with an emphasis on strengthening the military component.

Social Rights of Internally Displaced Persons in Ukraine: New Challenges in The Context of Russian Full Scale Military Aggression

Summary The article is devoted to the analysis of main social rights of internally displaced persons and their realisation after Russia’s full-scale invasion in Ukraine. The current Ukrainian national legislation on the IDPs social protection has been analysed with the specific focus on social payments and housing through the Ukraine’s ability to guarantee all basic social rights to IDPs and via the lens of new challenges and problems that appeared after the beginning of the war. The special attention was also drawn to the importance of sufficient international support and assistance for IDPs’ social protection in Ukraine.

Model of an Active Policy of Combatants’ Social Protection in Ukraine

Ukraine's choice of a democratic European path of development requires active and targeted measures in the political, security, social and other spheres. Today, Ukraine is undergoing an intensive process of developing a system of social protection for military men and veterans: the legal framework and institutional support are being updated and NATO standards are being introduced in order to achieve a high level of national defense capability. However, an effective model of social protection of veterans has not been formed during the years of independence. A number of issues remain unresolved, which testifies to the fragmentary nature of changes in the veterans' social protection policy, the improvement of individual components, and not the entire complex of mechanisms, methods, tools, and forms of its implementation. The challenges that the country is forced to take into account require the introduction of a new model of social protection for veterans and a clear vision of the set of mechanisms for its implementation, specific measures, and final results in the field of social protection of veterans.
 The objective of the article is to substantiate the need to implement in Ukraine a model of active policy of social protection of veterans, which will ensure the transition from a paternalistic nature to creating conditions for readaptation and use of the potential of social self-protection.

The primary principles of social protection in the context of social risk

The article elucidates the inherent nature, structure, and substance of the foundational principles underpinning social protection in Ukraine, especially within the purview of social risk. These principles form the bedrock of the legal mechanisms governing social protection. A salient discovery is that Ukraine's legal mechanism for social protection operates under a dual- principled framework: the primary, universally acknowledged legal principles and the specialized principles, predominantly the principles of social protection. The overarching legal principles serve as cardinal ideas that enable the aforementioned mechanisms to seamlessly integrate and evolve within Ukraine's legal infrastructure. This ensures that there are no inadvertent risks to the prevailing legal framework in general and particularly in the social domain. The principles of social protection are pivotal, guiding the functioning and evolution of the associated legal mechanisms, particularly in alignment with the objectives of social law and, more specifically, the goals of social protection. Two primary facets underscore this prominence. Firstly, these principles provide depth to the overarching legal principles, contextualized within the realm of social protection and the broader social existence of individuals, society, and the state. This context is notably susceptible to the challenges posed by social risks. Secondly, they serve as the foundational tenets of the aforementioned legal mechanism. This underscores their role as core guiding concepts in the formulation, execution, and enhancement of this legal mechanism's operations. The primary special principles of the legal mechanism for social protection, within the context of social risk, encompass the subsequent principles of social protection: the principle of humanistic social justice; the principle of universality and accessibility; the principle of consistency and complexity; the principle of resocialization; the principle of adaptability; the principle of targeted social protection; and the principle of reliability. The article's conclusions consolidate the research findings, emphasizing that the principles of social protection are both a cornerstone of social law and the foundation for the establishment, refinement, and functionality of Ukraine's legal mechanism for social protection. This understanding is paramount when considering the socio-legal phenomenon of social risk.

Social protection as a special socio-legal phenomenon

The article aims to elucidate the conceptual essence of the socio-legal phenomenon known as social protection. To fulfill this objective, we delve into specialized scientific and legal literature that sheds light on various facets of social protection and its interconnected socio-legal phenomena. Our research methodology encompasses a range of scientific methods, including formal-logical, formal-legal, dialectical, system-structural, and generalization methods.
 «Social protection» can broadly be construed as a cohesive set of targeted initiatives, spearheaded by both state and civil society actors. These initiatives, primarily of a legal, economic, and social nature, are geared toward supporting and ensuring the welfare of society’s most vulnerable groups. This might include specific sectors, such as employees from a particular industry or even a singular enterprise. In the contemporary landscape of Ukraine’s social law doctrine, social protection emerges as a multifaceted socio-legal phenomenon. Firstly, this complexity stems from the intricate web of entities that facilitate social protection. This network encompasses public service bodies at the national and local (regional and municipal) levels and extends to organizational frameworks like enterprises, institutions, and other organizations. Additionally, civil society entities, along with other mandated bodies, play pivotal roles in bolstering this protective framework. Beyond its foundational concept, «social protection» carries dual connotations. Firstly, it represents the concerted efforts of entities dedicated to providing social protection, working towards ensuring social security. Secondly, it epitomizes the tangible outcomes resulting from these endeavors. These outcomes culminate in fostering a climate of social security, whether at the individual, group, or overarching societal levels. Central to this environment of security are several pivotal conditions: the proactive prevention of new or escalating social risks; the rectification of identified social threats; and the strategic reduction of impacts from risks that cannot be entirely eliminated.
 In Ukraine, social protection stands out with distinct characteristics. Firstly, it mandates a unique mechanism for the execution of public policies within the social realm, positioning itself as an exclusive socio-legal institution. Secondly, its dedicated legal machinery drives the evolution and materialization of social protection. Thirdly, this system is more than a mere institution; it is a socio-legal entity with a clearly defined objective and a myriad of tasks. These defining traits underline that the very essence of social protection in Ukraine is intimately tied to another socio-legal phenomenon: social risk. There exists an undeniable nexus between social protection and social risk, underpinned by several compelling reasons. Firstly, social protection’s essence lies in ensuring the conditions for social security. This is attained through the proactive prevention of social risks and challenges, the mitigation of their adverse effects, and their elimination when feasible. Secondly, this symbiotic relationship is further reinforced by the state’s commitment, alongside local governments and civil society entities, to execute its social function. This commitment stems from the imperatives of the principle of social solidarity. This principle mandates unwavering attention to both the tangible and potential challenges in securing the well-being of individuals or groups.

ІНСТИТУТ ОБУМОВЛЕНИХ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ТРАНСФЕРТІВ: У ПОШУКАХ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ В УКРАЇНІ

Розглянуто інститут обумовлених соціальних трансфертів, інституціалізація якого сприятиме підвищенню ефективності соціальної політики України і покращенню якості людського капіталу. Обґрунтовано важливість їх застосування в соціальній політиці України. Визначено позитивні й дискусійні аспекти даного інструменту в межах соціального захисту населення. Сформовано пропозиції стосовно розвитку інклюзивної функції соціального захисту, що сприятиме збільшенню можливостей соціалізації у різних сферах життя, нагромадженню людського капіталу і підвищенню соціальної мобільності шляхом розвитку інституту обумовлених соціальних трансфертів, під якими розуміється грошова допомога, яка надається як засіб боротьби з бідністю, вирівнювання доходів і підвищення ступеня соціальної інклюзії домогосподарств з обов’язковими умовами її використання. Визначено умови витрачання допомоги, які доцільно впровадити в соціальному захисті в Україні для посилення інклюзивної функції, серед яких освіта, культура, спорт, інвестиції у людський капітал дітей, вплив на склад споживання продуктів харчування, медичне обслуговування, придбання ліків, стимулювання споживання товарів і послуг вітчизняного виробництва, участь у активних програмах зайнятості, суспільно-корисній діяльності. Запропоновано впроваджувати таку вимогу для отримання соціальної допомоги працездатними членами суспільства як участь у програмах зайнятості державних органів зайнятості населення. Визначено, що інституціалізація соціального захисту населення працездатного віку має відбуватись у бік посилення сенситивності зв’язку між соціальними внесками, доступом до соціальних благ і соціальним захистом, оскільки людина в такому випадку відчуватиме себе членом суспільства, розраховуючи на захист з боку держави і маючи зацікавленість працювати в умовах формальної зайнятості.

ЦИФРОВІ СОЦІАЛЬНІ СЕРВІСИ У МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

The article is dedicated to the analysis of digital social services and their role in social maintenance management. The concept of digitalization is explored, and its specific interpretation in the field of social maintenance has been defined as the process of organizing, using, and processing information in digital format to enhance customer service in a convenient and secure environment for citizens. The main tasks of social protection in Ukraine have been disclosed. Factors influencing the processes of digitalization in the country have been examined. The issues regarding the establishment of digitalization in social maintenance in Ukraine have been investigated, and suggestions for its improvement have been provided. The key stages of digitization in the social sphere have been outlined. A range of problems addressed by the digitalization of social maintenance has been highlighted. A comparative analysis of social service provision before and after the implementation of the Unified information system of the social sphere has been conducted. The feasibility of using digital social services such as the Unified State Open Data Portal, the State Services Guide, the "Diia" Application, and the "eDopomoha" Platform for social welfare management tasks has been justified. A series of obstacles to consider during the implementation and usage of digital social services have been identified, including the digital divide, insufficient competencies and skills, confidentiality and data protection concerns, inadequate infrastructure, and technical support levels, as well as legal aspects. Further directions for the development of digital social services in Ukraine have been outlined, which include enhancing their accessibility, convenience, and effectiveness, fostering innovation and creating new services, promoting inclusivity, and building an informed society

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ НАСЕЛЕННЯ

This article is devoted to state regulation of the system of social protection of the population. During the transition of the economy to market conditions, the problem of assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the social sphere at the level of public administration of the national economy is especially relevant. It should be noted that the foreign experience of the developed countries of the world convincingly indicates that it is precisely a clear strategy for managing the social sphere and social processes that ensures the solution of economic and social problems of the development of society, high living standards and equal access of citizens to public goods and services. There is a construction of such a socio-economic model that would be capable of innovative self-development and ensuring high-quality growth. The search continues for effective levers for regulating social inequality, citizens' access to such public goods as education, health care, culture, and personal security. Practice has proven that the system of social protection should include such elements as: legal, economic and social security; financial, information-intellectual and natural resources; budgetary and extrabudgetary mechanisms; national, public and international institutions. In this regard, the main role should belong to the supervision of social security. To address the issues of social protection of the population, it is necessary to use socio-economic indicators of the standard of living (low income, subsistence level, minimum consumption budget, minimum wage and human development index). Despite positive reforms in the field of social protection in Ukraine, the need for fundamental changes in the system of social services remains unsatisfactory. This is due to the inconsistency of social services with the new demands and needs of society. State regulation of the system of social protection of the population requires further reform and improvement. However, a lot of work has been done in this direction, namely, the legal foundations for the activity of the system of social services have been created, but the analysis of regulatory legal acts on this issue proves that these legal acts are not effective enough in action today.

Establishment of the basis of the constitutional and legal regulation of social protection in Ukraine

Establishment of the basis of the constitutional and legal regulation of social protection in Ukraine

The concept and content of social protection and social security for the population in modern Ukraine

Introduction. Currently, Ukraine is going through a difficult period of structural, economic and political reorientation, characterized by the interweaving of deep crises of a political, economic and social nature, caused, among other things, by the war. Ukrainian society, since independence, was formed and functioned under the conditions of an administrative-command system, today it aspires to a state and society of a higher type, based on universal values and ideas, in which human rights and their protection are the only real indicator of the state's civilization. In recent years, the social security of citizens has become increasingly important in Ukraine, because in the new socio-political and economic conditions there is an urgent need for adequate financial security. However, on this path, only such a result as the growth of crisis phenomena in various spheres of life and the transformation of every person into their hostage is obvious. When announcing a new course of social development, a course for democratization, the strategy and tactics of reforms, as well as their possible consequences, were not really assessed and predicted. In the meantime, the most significant of them - the drop in incomes of the population and the social stratification of society - have already made themselves known. Goal. The purpose of the article is to analyze approaches to defining the concepts of social protection and social security in science and their impact on solving the problems of vulnerable population groups. Method. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article are the scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign authors who researched the concepts of social protection and social security, as well as the basic provisions of the economy, state administration, social work and social security law. The analysis of the influence of the system of social protection and social security on the solution of current problems in society was carried out by the methods of systemic and structural-functional analysis (theoretical and methodological generalizations). The results. It was found that there is no permanent interpretation of the concepts of social protection and social security, their relationship and unity among scientists in approaches to solving this problem. It was determined that the social protection system is transformed depending on the economic state of the society, but thanks to a comprehensive approach, it will function both in conditions of crisis, radical breakdown of the old economic system, and in conditions of stabilization. The principles on which the system of social protection in Ukraine should be based are formulated.

DEVELOPMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION AT THE STATE LEVEL

Summary.In the context of globalization, large-scale national policy in the field of social protection should significantly reduce the negative social consequences of the economic crisis. Ukraine’s desire to join the European Union is impossible without a system of economic, legal, organizational and other measures of state and non-state institutions and organizations that will influence and promote social stability and create conditions for increasing welfare, ensuring a high standard and quality of life. One of the main components that characterize the meaning of the term «welfare state» is social protection. If we do not try to create an effective social protection system that meets international standards, it will be impossible to create a real welfare state in Ukraine. Therefore, the formation of the social protection system is directly related to the process of achieving the goals set by the Constitution of Ukraine. The implementation of social policy is impossible without the implementation of social protection, and social protection is an important component of social policy and a necessary element of the functioning of the state in a market economy. The process of deeper integration into the world economic community involves many major changes in the state system as part of the socio-economic system, which is based on the idea of combining economic efficiency as a result of market forces and social compromise. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the areas of improving social protection in Ukraine. The article uses structural, logical, functional and comparative analysis as research methods. In the process of writing the article, the author studied the structure of social protection, substantiated the importance of the concept of quality of life in the context of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union, identified objective prerequisites for social development, efficiency and effectiveness of human rights and freedoms. As a result of the research, the issue of social protection development in Ukraine was brought up to date. In particular, the directions of improvement of social protection of the population through the mechanism of targeted assistance are investigated and offered. In this perspective, the strategy of combating poverty in our country is substantiated, in particular, by raising the minimum wage, legalization of shadow incomes and employment plans, as well as changing the priorities of the social protection system: from large-scale benefits to different categories of citizens public resources to help families in need.

Financing social protection in Ukraine on the basis of EU best practices

The paper analyzes the main aspects of the organization and support of territorial communities in the field of social security of the population of Ukraine. The main directions of development of the process of providing social services are outlined. The main instruments of budget financing of social protection and social security of the population of Ukraine are determined and the effects that affect the volume of expenditures of the State and Consolidated budgets on the social sphere are investigated. The existing problems in the field of social security are studied and the need to harmonize social standards with the standards of the European Union is emphasized. The thesis is put forward on the need to implement a number of measures for Ukraine's timely response to the sharp increase in socio-economic needs in the global crisis. Emphasis is placed on the problems and prospects for the development of social security in the decentralization process. The range of problems for the effective response of social policy to rapid changes in the development of the modern world economy is outlined. The necessity of the analysis of the EU experience in the field of social security and the need to adapt the best European practices in order to comply with the Western European models of social protection and / or social insurance is substantiated. The need to apply the tools of theoretical and methodological analysis of the conceptual foundations of sustainable development of social security to specific circumstances and realities in Ukraine. The study focuses on the relevance of strategic and operational objectives of the new Law of Ukraine "On Social Services" and the need for further harmonization of existing legislation with the basic standards of the Council of Europe and the European Union.

PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENT AREAS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES EMPLOYEES’ SOCIAL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE

The article focuses on identifying the needs and opportunities for improving the legal regulation of social protection of customs authorities employees in Ukraine. The paper highlights that today the legal regulation of social protection of customs employees is characterized by a number of problems, including the lack of appropriate inclusive approaches to personnel policy in the customs authorities, which causes risks for employees with disabilities, pregnant employees, etc.; formal and fragmentary delineation of certain measures of customs employees’ social protection in the Customs Code of Ukraine. Unresolved issues of the legal regulation of customs employees’ social protection create additional socio-legal risks for the level of social security of customs personnel, and demotivate the employees, which is an additional factor for the personnel crisis in the public service system. To solve these problems, the author proposes to create and approve the Conception of ensuring the standards for decent work and social security of customs officials for the period up to 2030, which will help to implement an inclusive approach to personnel policy in this government agency by means of ensuring gender equality among employees; creating a healthy psychological climate in the customs authorities; creating conditions for the integration of persons with disabilities and young able-bodied citizens without work experience into the working life by giving them the opportunity to work in the customs authorities. It is also proposed to make a number of amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine, in particular, to improve the legal regulation of housing for customs officials, medical care and health care of customs officials and their families, including the regulation of funeral assistance for customs officials. The conclusions summarize the results of the research and emphasize the need for further analysis of the legal regulation of customs employees’ social protection in Ukraine.

Problems and Prospects of Budgetary Financing of Social Protection in Ukraine

The sphere of social protection of the population occupies an important place in the socio-political life of the country. For the qualitative development of the social protection system, it is necessary to ensure the priority flow of funds in this area. Budgetary funds, which are the main source of financing, are a financial guarantee for the citizens of the country to receive the necessary level of social services. The study analyzes the dynamics of financing social protection from budget funds. The problems of financial support in this area have been identified. The peculiarity of financing the system of social protection of the population in Ukraine is that it was conceptually and practically formed on the basis of a significant role of the state, thereby directing a significant part of the expenditures of budgets of all levels to this industry. The dynamics of changes in financing of social expenditures from all types of budgets of Ukraine and their structure has been investigated. Part of budget expenditures on social protection in the structure of total budget expenditures is growing much more slowly than total budget expenditures due to the stagnation of almost all of its components. In monetary terms, the gap between deductions for social protection of the population becomes even more noticeable. And although in recent years in Ukraine the size of public expenditures directed to social protection of the population has increased, many types of social benefits and allowances have turned out to be insufficiently ineffective. This increases the unproductive burden on public finances and creates significant distortions in social protection. The main directions for the further development of the sphere of social protection should be the optimization of powers for the implementation of expenditures between the authorities of all levels. Endowing local and regional authorities with revenues sufficient to finance the assigned powers through decentralization of budgetary funds will help to achieve a balance between regional and local budgets. This will help optimize the social security system and improve the quality of life of the Ukrainian population.