Biological determinism, the theory that human behavior is primarily determined by genetic factors, has sparked extensive debate and controversy between social and biological sciences since the late 19th century with the introduction of Darwin's theory of evolution. By examining the origins, development, and impacts of these theories on modern scientific research and social policy from historical and theoretical perspectives, this article reveals the limitations and potential risks inherent in scientific research and social policymaking. The article emphasizes the complexity of using these theories to explain human behavior and social structures, as well as their importance in formulating inclusive social policies.