Social Policy Factors Research Articles

Exploring the nexus between national innovation performance and happiness

The study of happiness in economics has started to gain considerable momentum. Social policy factors are currently being recognized as determinants of national competitiveness, while innovation is an important factor to ensure economic growth and societal well-being. In order to shed light on the complex relationship between innovation performance and societal happiness, an examination was conducted in 130 countries that covered observations from 2011 to 2022. The analysis aims to uncover the degree to which these two dimensions are interconnected and to discern whether one may be identified as the causal factor of the other. The results derived from the SGMM regressions reveal that spaces characterized by elevated levels of innovation also tend to exhibit correspondingly higher indicators of resident happiness. Notably, this relationship is particularly pronounced in countries with observed real income per capita. Consequently, this study supports the hypothesis that innovation fosters improvements in resident well-being, despite ongoing debates. In light of these results, understanding the positive association between innovation and happiness has significant policy implications for fostering economic growth and enhancing quality of life on a national scale.

ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF PARTICIPATION IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY: A STUDY BASED ON OLDER PEOPLE IN CHINA

Abstract There has been an increasingly important trend that more and more older people take part in activities of digital technology nowadays in China. In this study, the research question associated to determinants of older people’s digital engagement was addressed, which has been quantitatively analyzed by statistical models in a sample of older people 60 to 98 years of age from China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (N=11207). For dependent variable, digital participation of older people has been measured by the access to the Internet with mobile phones and various digital devices, whereas for independent variables, individual, situational, environmental, and social policy factors which were based on a conceptual model of productive aging framework have been constructed to present academic explanations on dependent variable. Results of Probit and Ordered-Probit regression showed that the older people’s participation in digital technology was closely related to individual and situational factors, whereas the effects of environmental factors and social policies were not statistically significant. Older adults who were much younger and physically healthier had higher probability of participation in digital technology. Meanwhile, those who lived in urban area, had higher levels on income, literacy and social support were more likely to be involved in digital activities. Conclusions shed light on the significance of academic research to improve productive ageing and successful ageing which takes a more active role on exploring and grappling with issues related to application of digital technology especially technological difficulties that older people have confronted with in an ageing society.

COVID-19-What Price Do Children Pay? An Analysis of Economic and Social Policy Factors.

Numerous studies have addressed the indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for children such as social isolation or increases in reported child maltreatment. Research on the economic and sociopolitical consequences is scarce as they can only be evaluated with a time lag. To improve our understanding of future, long-term developments in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we gathered findings from the still unexploited empirical literature on the aftermath of earlier pandemics, epidemics, and other infectious disease outbreaks. On top of this, we scrutinized research on past economic crises to interpret the link between changes in the economy and the health of children. Many of the side effects of battling the spread of the current pandemic, such as school closures, the stigma of infection, or conflicts about vaccines, are not novel and have already been documented in connection with previous infectious disease outbreaks. Results highlight that changes in the financial situation of families and socio-political challenges affect the situation and daily routine of children and youth in the long term. In consequence, the already pronounced socioeconomic inequalities will likely further increase. On top of this, due to reduced revenues, child protective services are likely to face challenges in the availability of human and financial resources.

Social policies and breastfeeding duration in South Korea: A survival analysis of the national data

ObjectivesParenting support policies increase the period that the mother and child spend together after childbirth, which is expected to facilitate breastfeeding. Additionally, the mother's attitudes towards parenting may influence her willingness to breastfeed. The objective of this study was to identify the association of breastfeeding duration with parenting support policies and mothers’ attitudes towards parenting. DesignThis study employed a cross-sectional design. SettingThe study was conducted using data from South Korea's 2018 National Survey on Fertility and Family Health and Welfare. ParticipantsData of women with children born on or after January 2016 to September 2018 (N = 1,861) were analysed using Cox's proportional hazard regression model with the duration of breastfeeding as the outcome variable. Measurements and findingsThe main predictors comprised social policy factors (hospital environment and parenting support) and individual factors (mothers’ attitudes towards parenting). The median duration of breastfeeding was 5 months. Not initiating breastfeeding within 1 h of birth (hazard ratio = 1.215, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.37, p = .002) and a negative attitude towards the necessity of having children (hazard ratio = 1.153, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.30, p = .021) were associated with a shorter breastfeeding duration after controlling for age, occupation, number of pregnancies, number of births, and the infant's birth weight. However, social policy factors were not associated with breastfeeding duration. Key conclusions and implications for practiceThis study shows that breastfeeding within 1 h of birth as well as a positive attitude regarding the necessity of having children may increase the duration of breastfeeding. Therefore, the midwives and nurses in hospitals should encourage mothers to initiate breastfeeding within 1 h of birth. In addition, the government should improve positive attitudes towards parenthood amongst young adults.

Threading a moving needle: The spatial dimensions characterizing US offshore wind policy drivers

The Atlantic Coast of the United States represents one of the most promising development environments for offshore wind installation in the world due to the convergence of several geographic factors. These include, but are not limited to, population size and density, electricity prices, ocean depth, wind speed, and the dynamics of the region's current energy infrastructures. However, these have not been sufficient to kickstart a mass movement to offshore energy generation despite two decades of affirmative discussions and some entrepreneurial starts. Planned projects now total over 6 GW. Presently, market variables and institutional controls have become more hospitable for development though undertested except in small pilot projects. Socio-cultural concerns including interaction with the fishers, coastal tourism and real estate, Native American Tribes, and environmental and aesthetic factors have been studied, but applicable information remains limited to reliance on comparisons with European offshore wind research, hypothetical analyses, and attention to small pilot projects. This gap as well as a fundamentally differentiated patchwork of state and local stages means that the current research direction will need to be extended through the development of the first utility-scale projects with attention to new case studies as well as new perspectives, framings, and questions. This report outlines important physical and social policy factors of offshore wind development and then explores several case studies.

Social Support, Retirement Resources, and the Gendered Experiences of Aging for Tunisian Older Adults

ABSTRACTCultural context plays an important role in the experience of aging. The country of Tunisia is of particular interest because limited studies on aging have been done in the past decade. The study examined data collected from Tunisian older adults in an attempt to gain additional information about their experience aging in this culture. The purpose of this study was to identify key information tied to social policy factors that have the potential to impact older adults living in Tunisia. From June to July 2017, semi-structured interviews were completed with 60 older adults covering topics about family history, daily activities, health and health satisfaction, retirement benefits and satisfaction, medical coverage, social support, service availability, feelings of growing older, as well as advice provided to younger adults. Findings include gender differences in retirement resources and benefits, sources of support, and older adults’ self-reported desires for the future. This work adds to the growing body of literature concerning differences in global aging and provides greater awareness of aging in the distinctive context of Tunisia. Additional work should seek to deepen the investigation of the various social policies that impact the Tunisian older adult.

An International Comparison of Determinants of Self-Employment Participation: Focusing on Social Policy Factors

An International Comparison of Determinants of Self-Employment Participation: Focusing on Social Policy Factors

Relationships Among Social Policy Factors, National Competitiveness, and Happiness

The aim of this study is to construct a causal relationship model explaining the relationships between social policy factors and national competitiveness and national happiness; and to analyse how the former affect the latter as final dependent variables. In doing this, the study employs data for OECD member countries. Research regarding the determinants affecting national competitiveness and people’s happiness has tended to focus mainly on personal or collective characteristics such as age, gender, economic infrastructure, etc. As a result, social policy factors, including welfare budget, unemployment support budget and income inequality, have rarely been addressed in the analysis of determinants affecting national competitiveness or happiness, which is regarded as the final policy aim to be achieved by government. In particular, there has been little academic research utilizing OECD database statistics on social policy indicators. Against this background, this study uses the Structural Equation Modeling approach (SEM) to identify the direct and indirect effects of social policy factors on national competitiveness and happiness, and puts forward policy suggestions for attaining these two great goals of social policy.

Analysis of the Effects of Social Policy Factors on National Happiness and National Competitiveness in OECD Countries

Analysis of the Effects of Social Policy Factors on National Happiness and National Competitiveness in OECD Countries

Gendered social forces: A review of the impact of institutionalized factors on women and girls' criminal justice trajectories.

Increasing arrest rates for girls and women have been documented both nationally and internationally and have propelled the development of promising theories of female antisocial behavior and crime. Nonetheless, many psychological theories focus exclusively on individual characteristics of women that promote criminality. Fewer theorists incorporate the influence of institutional and social policy factors in models of female antisociality and criminal justice involvement, despite growing evidence supporting the impact of these institutional factors on female crime. The present review expands existing conceptualizations by reviewing evidence about the extent to which the response of the criminal justice system disproportionately affects women across four key institutional domains: (1) processing and sentencing decisions, (2) relabeling and responding to youth status offenses, (3) arrests for drug offenses, and (4) pro and dual arrests for domestic violence incidents. Evidence largely supports the existence of gendered practices in the institutional response of the justice system to female crime, in that institutional changes have disproportionately influenced women's involvement in the justice system or have otherwise resulted in consequences that are different for women than men. Language: en

Outcomes Assessment in Health Care Reform: Promise and Limitations

If the fundamental goals of the health care reform effort are to ensure universal access to an acceptable quality of health care at an affordable cost, then the threshold question for reform is: What health care services should be provided in an efficient, equitable system?Answering this question requires weighing a complex mix of medical and social policy factors, a process not attempted in this article. But the starting point for that process should be determining what health care services “work” and what they cost. Outcomes assessment holds considerable promise in finding answers to these subsidiary questions, because it is intended to assess the effectiveness of health care services, that is, what works and what does not work for patients. It holds promise, not only for improving the quality of care, but also for identifying unnecessary or wasteful practices that increase health care costs.

Nurses develop a plan for research on child and adolescent mental disorders.

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.

Infant‐Toddler Mental Health An Emerging Concern

JCPN Commentary presents a series of obsenations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence families, or the deliver of health services to youth and their families.

Improving Priority Scores in Grant Applications

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.

The Delivery of Mental Health Services to Children

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.

Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: Content of the Specialty

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence, families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.

Issues Facing Child Psychiatric Nursing in the 1990s

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence, families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.

Shortages and Cutbacks: The Dilemma Facing Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.

America's invisible children need visible services: an executive view.

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence, families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.

Coalition of Psychiatric Nursing Organizations.

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence, families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.