Measures Of Social Performance Research Articles

ESG rating results and corporate total factor productivity

As a measure of corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, ESG ratings have increasingly gained attention from corporations, the public, and government agencies, gradually becoming a key factor influencing their perceptions and decision-making regarding corporations. This study explores the impact of corporate ESG ratings on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and its underlying mechanisms. Using listed companies in China as the research sample, it was found that higher ESG ratings significantly enhance corporate TFP, a conclusion that holds even after conducting robustness checks and addressing endogeneity issues. Further analysis indicates that high ESG ratings improve corporate TFP by reducing financing constraints and increasing government subsidies. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of ESG ratings on enhancing TFP is more pronounced for corporations with high levels of attention, good reputations, and high audit quality. Additionally, the study also examines whether ESG ratings can serve as an effective predictor of corporate TFP. By applying machine learning algorithms for validation, the results show that incorporating ESG ratings significantly improves the accuracy of predictions for corporate TFP.

Corporate social performance and board gender diversity: the moderating role of governance

PurposeDrawing on legitimacy and upper-echelon theory, this paper aims to investigate the moderating role of corporate governance in the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and board gender diversity (BGD).Design/methodology/approachUsing Morgan Stanley Capital International measures of social and governance performance, the authors use 2,950 firm-year observations from US companies for the years 2016–2020 to show that good performance on social issues drives BGD.FindingsThe panel data model indicates that the relationship between CSP and BGD is strengthened when firms display robust corporate governance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the extant literature through empirical consideration of CSP as a predictor of BGD, a relationship that has rarely been examined. It further highlights the significant role of corporate governance in ensuring that women have access to corporate boards. Discussion and findings highlight that social performance and governance may significantly contribute to the diversity of socially cognizant boards.

Pro‐market Institutions and the Degree of Hybridity in Startup Social Ventures: The Moderating Effects of Organizational Activities

AbstractAs a departure from previous research that takes social ventures as a distinct organizational type, this study investigates the relationship between the pro‐market institutions in a country and the degree of hybridity in social ventures, focusing on the dimension of organizational goals. Additionally, it examines the contingent effects of organizational activities, such as the novelty of market offering and the implementation of social performance measurement. Combining Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data in 2009 and 2015 with other cross‐national databases, we test our theoretical predictions using 3648 startup social ventures across 42 countries. We find that pro‐market institutions have an inverted U‐shaped effect on the degree of hybridity in social ventures. Furthermore, the novelty of market offering and social performance measurement attenuate the impact of pro‐market institutions on organizational hybridity by shifting the inverted U‐shape to relatively negative and linear. Through this cross‐level empirical exploration, we develop a richer explanation of organizational hybridity and contribute to the growing literature on social ventures and hybrid organizations.

A Robust Negative Relationship Between Self-Reports of Social Skills and Performance Measures of Social Intelligence

A Robust Negative Relationship Between Self-Reports of Social Skills and Performance Measures of Social Intelligence

Social Entrepreneurship Development to Achieve Sustainability Goals Using SSM Analysis

Measuring performance in social entrepreneurship is an important thing that needs to be done. This is an effort to ensure prosperity and maintain the sustainability of social entrepreneurship. This research aims to analyze the performance of social entrepreneurship and build a conceptual model of the strategy for assessing the performance of social entrepreneurship in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The SSM research method was used to develop a conceptual model to measure the performance of social entrepreneurship. The results of the study concluded that measuring the performance of social entrepreneurship can be measured using measurement tools or indicators that focus on sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study also found the need for the role of the government or policy owners as actors who have an essential role in developing social entrepreneurship performance measurement tools. This is necessary to distinguish the target of achieving success through social and commercial entrepreneurship.

The nature of measurement across the hybridised social sector: A systematic review of reviews

AbstractPerformance measurement and management serve as the key elements for demonstrating accountability to funders and stakeholders for many social entities. Although substantial study has been completed to understand the measurement practices employed by specific models of social entities, there is an absence of studies taking a broader perspective on organisational performance measurement across the entire system. A systematic review of reviews methodology identified previous systematic and meta‐studies of social performance measurement and management practices across the entire sector. The 19 reviews identified examined the measurement and management practices of a range of hybrid social entities including non‐profits, social enterprises, corporate social responsibility undertakings, impact investments and bonds, government departments, and knowledge‐intensive public organisations. The motivations of demonstrating accountability and learning opportunities for improvement are congruous across all entities. However, the approaches and methods employed to measure impact and meet these objectives are distinct between the different entity forms. Furthermore, acknowledgement of the different measurement approaches of other hybrid social entities was notably absent perhaps indicating a lack of knowledge dissemination across the broader system. Some barriers and complexities seem to be generalised across all hybrid entities; however, other challenges appear to be unique to specific hybrid models and measurement approaches. Through amalgamating a broad range of papers, we present opportunities to strengthen performance measurement and management across an increasingly hybridised social sector.Points for practitioners Performance measurement and management are crucial for demonstrating accountability and improving social impact for all forms of hybrid entities including non‐profits, social enterprises, corporate social responsibility undertakings, impact investments and bonds, government departments, and knowledge‐intensive public organisations. While the measurement practices of these organisational entities have been studied separately, there has been a lack of understanding as to the common practices and deviations across a hybrid organisational system. Practitioners should explore the different approaches and methods employed by the various social impact entities to identify opportunities for improved practice. Meeting the information needs of the diverse range of stakeholders in social services sector poses a challenge for all social initiatives. However, our review highlights the importance of ensuring that the voice and perspectives of social service recipients are adequately represented.

Utilization Social Media for MSME Development

This research aims to explain the importance of socialization and social media utilization in the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMS) in Sukabumi district. Social media has become a very effective tool in building customer relationships, marketing products, and increasing business visibility. However, there are still many MSMSs in Sukabumi district that have not exploited the potential of social media optimally. Through socialization, MSMS owners will be given a better understanding of social media and how to use it as an effective marketing tool. This socialization will involve training and enhancement of knowledge about relevant social media platforms, online marketing strategies, creating interesting content, as well as measurement and analysis of social media performance. It is expected that with the socialization of this social media utilization, the MSMS in Sukabumi district will be able to use social media better to promote their products and services, reach a wider audience, and increase their online presence. With increasing online presence, it is anticipated that there will be an increase in MSMS's turnover and overall growth in the Sukabomi district.

CSR Restatements: Mischief or Mistake?

ABSTRACT Using a sample of Australian Securities Exchange Ltd. (ASX) 500 firms over the 2004–2020 period, we find that contracting on corporate social responsibility (CSR) increases the likelihood of CSR restatements and that these restatements are biased toward showing improvements in CSR performance for the current period. This is especially the case when firms contract on social CSR performance measures. We also find that CEOs’ short-term incentive compensation is significantly greater when restatements result in improved comparative performance, but only for firms that contract on CSR. Overall, our results suggest that contracting on CSR is another explanation for the increasing prevalence of CSR restatements and that standard setters should address metrics and measures when formulating policies with respect to CSR reporting. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: M12; M14; M52.

Development of webcam-collected and artificial-intelligence-derived social and cognitive performance measures for neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes.

This study focused on the development and initial psychometric evaluation of a set of online, webcam-collected, and artificial intelligence-derived patient performance measures for neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes (NDGS). Initial testing and qualitative input was used to develop four stimulus paradigms capturing social and cognitive processes, including social attention, receptive vocabulary, processing speed, and single-word reading. The paradigms were administered to a sample of 375 participants, including 163 with NDGS, 56 with idiopathic neurodevelopmental disability (NDD), and 156 neurotypical controls. Twelve measures were created from the four stimulus paradigms. Valid completion rates varied from 87 to 100% across measures, with lower but adequate completion rates in participants with intellectual disability. Adequate to excellent internal consistency reliability (α = 0.67 to 0.95) was observed across measures. Test-retest reproducibility at 1-month follow-up and stability at 4-month follow-up was fair to good (r = 0.40-0.73) for 8 of the 12 measures. All gaze-based measures showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity with parent-report measures of other cognitive and behavioral constructs. Comparisons across NDGS groups revealed distinct patterns of social and cognitive functioning, including people with PTEN mutations showing a less impaired overall pattern and people with SYNGAP1 mutations showing more attentional, processing speed, and social processing difficulties relative to people with NFIX mutations. Webcam-collected performance measures appear to be a reliable and potentially useful method for objective characterization and monitoring of social and cognitive processes in NDGS and idiopathic NDD. Additional validation work, including more detailed convergent and discriminant validity analyses and examination of sensitivity to change, is needed to replicate and extend these observations.

"InMotion"-Mixed physical exercise program with creative movement as an intervention for adults with schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Schizophrenia is among the world's top 10 causes of long-term disability with symptoms that lead to major problems in social and occupational functioning, and in self-care. Therefore, it is important to investigate the efficacy of complementary treatment options for conventionally used antipsychotic medication, such as physical training, and psychosocial interventions. To combine aerobic and strength training with cognitive, emotional and social stimulation in one intervention for people with schizophrenia and test the feasibility and effects of this intervention. The study is a mixed-method randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention for adults with schizophrenia. The treatment group (30 participants) will receive the intervention in addition to standard care and the control group (30 participants) only standard care. The intervention consists of 24 biweekly sessions with a duration of 60 min. The pre-test (weeks from 4 to 2 prior to the intervention) and post-test (week 12) include clinical measure (PANSS), quality of life, social performance, movement quantity, brain function and eye tracking measures. In addition, a treatment subgroup of 12-15 participants and their family member or other next of kin will complete a qualitative interview as a part of their post-test. Two follow-up tests, including clinical, quality of life, brain function and eye tracking will be made at 6 and 12 months from the completion of the intervention to both study groups. The primary outcome is change in negative symptoms. Secondary outcome measures include general and positive symptoms, quality of life, social performance, movement quantity, brain function and eye tracking. Explorative outcome includes patient and family member or other next of kin interview. Pilot data was collected by June 2023 and the main data collection will begin in September 2023. The final follow-up is anticipated to be completed by 2026. The InMotion study will provide new knowledge on the feasibility, efficacy, and experiences of a novel intervention for adults with schizophrenia. The hypothesis is that regular participation in the intervention will reduce clinical symptoms, normalize physiological measures such as brain activation, and contribute to new active habits for the participants. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05673941.

Model for Promoting Corporate Social Performance Measurement and Social Change: Elaboration from Causal Analysis Between the Both

Model for Promoting Corporate Social Performance Measurement and Social Change: Elaboration from Causal Analysis Between the Both

A Data-Driven Approach and Framework to Social Media Strategy and Performance Measurement for Brands

The pandemic, rising inflation, and dynamic changes in the market have increased the importance of having a solid and effective omnichannel strategy. Social media channels form a crucial pillar of a brand’s omnichannel strategy and can be used to achieve various business objectives such as acquisition, engagement, brand awareness,etc. This paper highlights the significance of having a well-defined and robust social media strategy. The report will describe the important pillars of a social media strategy and establish the importance of driving brand stickiness, deepening customer relationships, and driving business growth. It presses upon the need for brands to develop clear objectives, align content strategy to customer needs and continuously measure and iterate to optimize the social media strategy.

Bridging the gap: Building environmental, social and governance capabilities in small and medium logistics companies

Nowadays, the popularity of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance measurement has dramatically increased, particularly to listed companies, for supporting various investment decisions. Companies with high ESG scores imply that their ongoing business development is recognised to be economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. From the current ESG measurement practice, the measurement frameworks are built on rating schemes, such as KLD and ASSET4, so as to derive the ESG scores for listed companies. However, such existing measurement frameworks are difficult to be implemented in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with unstructured and non-standardised business data, especially in logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) practice. In addition, it is inevitable for listed companies to work with SMEs, for example logistics service providers, but they need a systematic framework to source the responsible SMEs to maintain the ESG performance. To address the above industrial pain-points, this study proposes an ESG development prioritisation and performance measurement framework (ESG-DPPMF) by means of the Bayesian best-worst method enabling the group decision-making capability to prioritise the ESG development areas and formulate the performance measurement scheme. Through consolidating the opinions from logistics practitioners, it is found that fair labour practice, reverse logistics and human right in supply chains are the most essential areas to further enhance ESG capabilities in the logistics industry. In addition, the viability of the ESG performance measurement has been validated, and thus the sustainable and human-centric logistics practice can be developed to achieve business sustainability.

Does the extent of branchless banking adoption enhance the social and financial performance of microfinance institutions?

ABSTRACT We examine the impact of the extent of branchless banking adoption on the social and financial performance of an international sample of microfinance institutions (MFIs). We find that increasing the number of branchless banking points of service in MFIs is associated with productivity enhancements and improved social outreach. However, this occurs at the expense of adverse credit risk and profitability outcomes. Our results are robust to alternative measures of social and financial performance and the use of multiple methodologies including generalized method of moments, two and three-stage least squares. By introducing a quadratic specification, we unveil a parabolic relationship between the extent of branchless banking adoption and MFIs’ credit risk and profitability, which indicates that positive profitability and risk outcomes can eventually be achieved in MFIs with extensive branchless banking networks. This presents an important contribution to explaining the variations in insight in extant literature. These findings are relevant to policy makers as they indicate that investments in branchless banking present promising outcomes by encouraging financial inclusion, enhancing productivity and efficiency, and improving long-term profitability and repayment rates among MFIs. However, the initial adversity to profitability and credit risk may be a sufficient deterrent from BB investments for financially-oriented MFIs.

Consistency among common measures of corporate social and sustainability performance

The objective of this study is to thoroughly evaluate and compare three popular databases used in research on the environment, society and governance. Our analysis aims to establish construct validity, and thus addresses the difficulty in choosing which data providers to use for this type of research, and whether findings are comparable across the three databases and applicable to firms in different countries. The most widely used database, referred to as KLD (Kinder, Lydenberg, and Domini), is used to help establish the construct validity of measures coming from the other databases, known as Sustainalytics and Asset4. Frequently used measures from the three databases are highly correlated, and tests of the relationships between composite measures from the databases and financial performance are consistently positive. Even a more focused stakeholder management measure doesn't materially alter the results, suggesting that stakeholder-oriented firms also tend to be socially responsible in ways beyond stakeholder relationships, such as in preserving the environment. We also find that Sustainalytics and Asset4 track substantially more variables and contain many more international firms than KLD, making them more flexible for empirical work on this topic.

Influência das práticas de gerenciamento de mídias sociais no desempenho de hotéis

Abstract Purpose: This paper aims to examine the influence of social media management practices on hotel performance. Originality/value: The hotel industry is undergoing organizational transformations due to the insertion of social media as a communication platform that engages customers. Given this, verifying whether social media can collaborate on internal resources and help the companies’ performance has been a potential source of studies. Design/methodology/approach: The study sample comprised 67 hotels. To this end, hotel managers conducted face-to-face interviews to collect data from their respective hotels. Data were collected using social media management practices and performance measures measured through RevPAR (a revenue division by total rooms available) and online review scores from Booking.com. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied to evaluate the study’s hypotheses from a quantitative approach. Findings: It was evidenced that social media management practices can be categorized into monitoring and comment responsing practices and the dimension of responsiveness and information dissemination practices. These practices positively influence hotel performance measured through online review scores and revenue measured through RevPAR. Given the results, it is expected that hotels will have competitive advantages by managing their resources with the help of social media and that studies in this sector will gain more visibility.

Customers’ perception of telecommunication businesses: Non-financial performance measures in organizational success

Performance measures drive an organization’s success. The measures improve strategic communication with stakeholders. Based on customer survey data, this study aimed to examine the association between the use of non-financial performance measures (NPMs) and organizational success (OS) in the Nepalese telecommunication business. The study used a descriptive strategy and a structured survey questionnaire to collect data from the targeted respondents. It gathered 385 responses based on the convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire contained two items relating to the respondent’s demographics, 19 items relating to NPMs, and seven items on organizational success. The NPMs were grouped into three constructs by employing confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis indicated that the technological and innovation performance measures had the most significant contribution, followed by the social and environmental performance measures and the customers’ performance measures to the organizational success. The study found that NPMs explained 62.9% of telecommunication business’s success, indicating more reliance on NPMs increases performance and success. Such findings would provide crucial information for comprehending the NPMs and validate Adhikari and Chalise’s (2021) conclusions that the performance evaluation system for the Nepalese telecommunications business has changed to reflect strategic goals by adding NPMs.

Designing and deploying a virtual social sandbox for autistic children

Purpose This exploratory study was intended to investigate the design and feasibility of using a web virtual reality based social learning space for autistic children at home. Materials and methods The researchers of the current study developed and implemented an open-source, web virtual reality based learning program for children with autism. Endorsing mixed-method convergent parallel design, we collected both qualitative and quantitative data from four autistic children, including repeated measures of social skills performance, self- and parent-reported social and communication competence, observation notes, and individual interviews. Results The study found preliminary evidence for a positive impact of deploying a virtual reality-based social sandbox on the practice and development of complex social skills for autistic children. All participants showed significant reduced social communication impairments from the pre- to the post-intervention phases. Nevertheless, participants’ social skills performance in the virtual world was mediated by two social task design features—external goal structure and individualization. Conclusions Play- and design-oriented social tasks in the three-dimensional virtual world framed meaningful social experiences or the naturalistic intervention for social skills development.

Does corporate social responsibility pay? Evidence from social ratings in microfinance institutions

Does it pay for microfinance institutions (MFIs) to be socially responsible? Drawing on the information asymmetry framework and using an aggregate measure of social performance (social ratings), we investigate the association between MFI corporate social performance (CSP) and capital structure. Our findings suggest that among investors, a relationship between social performance and capital structure only emerges when considering subsidies. We also investigate the effects of profit orientation by analyzing whether the financial structure of for-profit (vs nonprofit) MFIs is sensitive to social ratings. Our findings highlight the importance of social performance as a major determinant of MFI capital structure.

Social Performance: A Vital Turning Point for Better Hospital Care in Indonesia

COVID-19 refocused the importance of social responsibility awareness and social performance measurement of health care. Hospitals must carry out social accountability behaviors while still providing adequate facilities and services. However, any analysis of social performance still contains many ambiguities and can differ in its reference points depending on the nature of the different stakeholders. The study uses an explanatory study to measure the social performance of hospitals in Indonesia and examine the indicators and dimensions that influence social performance in hospitals the most. Data of 752 accredited hospitals were obtained from the Indonesian Commission on Accreditation of Hospital (ICAHO) in Indonesia. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Model (SEM) methodology and SPSS AMOS software. The study found a significant and positive effect of environmental forces and information technology resources on social performance. Further, the study found that intrapreneurship (entrepreneurship efforts within established institutions) in hospitals mediated the effects of organizational architecture, environment forces, and information technology toward/in favor of social performance. This study contributes to improving the quality healthcare by demonstrating novelty for how social performance can be measured and better efforts adopted to produce more social value-based healthcare through the use of organizational architecture, environmental forces, and information technology.