Structure Of Social Systems Research Articles

The Secret Family Life of a Group of Golden Jackals on Samos, Greece.

The golden jackal (Canis aureus) is remarkably flexible in terms of behaviour. This is advantageous to the range expansion of the species to northern and western Europe. Despite the widespread distribution of the golden jackal, many aspects of its behaviour are still poorly known. In this study, we have aimed to improve our general understanding of golden jackal social behaviour by monitoring one family group of a unique insular population living on Samos (Greece) using camera trap data over a study period of 9 months. Successful identification of individual golden jackals based on visual characteristics, determination of the dominance hierarchy and social network analyses has allowed us to gain insights into the group's social organisation, mating system and social structure determined by social relationships. We revealed the studied family group to be relatively stable, consisting of a dominant adult pair and one or two generations of their offspring. Some major changes occurred during the breeding season in terms of social behaviour, group composition and structure. A total of six pups were born, which were cared for by both dominant adults as well as one male and one female yearling who stayed as helpers at the nest. Both the dominant female and the female yearling showed signs of lactation, suggesting either a case of pseudopregnancy or allonursing. Using non-invasive methods combined with individual identification based on coat colouration patterns, this research contributes to our understanding of the social behaviour of the golden jackal population on Samos in Europe and, by extension, of the species as a whole.

Robustness of hypergraph under attack with limited information based on percolation theory

Hypergraphs serve as a representative form to display higher-order interactions that persist in the community structure of ecological and social systems. A significant characteristic of these entities is their critical behaviours and robustness in response to aggressive assaults. However, in reality, the network structure may be partially observable, meaning that it is distinct from the assumption of global accessibility under random and deliberate assaults. In this work, we provide a theoretical framework to analyse the changes in the giant component in a hypergraph when subjected to limited information disintegration. Percolation theory is employed to derive the size of the giant component and the critical point. Specifically, we apply the message-passing method based on factor graphs to establish a framework for percolation analysis under limited information attacks. On this basis, the hypergraph structure is accurately described. The advantages lie in avoiding the redundant demands of multiple repetitive experiments. Our study demonstrates the relationship between the diversity of the attacked network and the critical condition. By conducting numerical simulations and theoretical research, we also conclude that controlling the observed size of the network and moderately increasing the average hyperdegree can enhance the robustness of the hypergraph. These findings further indicate the impact of hypergraph topology on the resilience of systems and provide analytical insights for optimizing systems with cost-effectiveness and robustness.

INTERDEPENDENCE OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGES: RISCOGENIC POTENTIAL

The article considers the risk-generating potential of changes occurring in the subsystems of modern social systems in their interaction with the natural and spiritual environment. The systemic representation of the structure of social systems developed by T. Parsons is used. The risks associated with global processes that conflict with the established approaches to the organization of material production and reproduction of cultural samples are shown. An analysis of the risks associated with the discrepancy between the interests of the groups of the social subsystem formed in the process of functioning of the economic subsystem and the cultural subsystem is given. The functions of the political subsystem to reduce the severity of these risks are revealed, as well as the risks arising in connection with the ineffective performance of these functions by the political system. Conclusions are formulated based on the analysis of modern political processes in Russia and the West. It is shown that there are objective and subjective factors reducing the effectiveness of the performance of the main functions by the subsystems of society, giving rise to significant risks of its destabilization.

Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster Carrying a Human Full-Length DISC1 Construct (UAS-hflDISC1) Showing Effects on Social Interaction Networks.

Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a scaffold protein implicated in major mental illnesses including schizophrenia, with a significant negative impact on social life. To investigate if DISC1 affects social interactions in Drosophila melanogaster, we created transgenic flies with second or third chromosome insertions of the human full-length DISC1 (hflDISC1) gene fused to a UAS promotor (UAS-hflDISC1). Initial characterization of the insertion lines showed unexpected endogenous expression of the DISC1 protein that led to various behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes. Social interaction network (SIN) analysis showed altered social dynamics and organizational structures. This was in agreement with the altered levels of the locomotor activity of individual flies monitored for 24 h. Together with a decreased ability to climb vertical surfaces, the observed phenotypes indicate altered motor functions that could be due to a change in the function of the motor neurons and/or central brain. The changes in social behavior and motor function suggest that the inserted hflDISC1 gene influences nervous system functioning that parallels symptoms of DISC1-related mental diseases in humans. Furthermore, neurochemical analyses of transgenic lines revealed increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and decreased levels of glutathione, indicating an impact of DISC1 on the dynamics of redox regulation, similar to that reported in transgenic mammals. Future studies are needed to address the localization of DISC1 expression and to address how the redox parameter changes correlate with the observed behavioral changes.

Pentingnya Mencari Ilmu dan Ketaatan Berdasarkan Perspektif Religiusitas Dalam Serat Sejarah Aspiyah

This article discusses the importance of seeking knowledge and also obedience based on the perspective of religiosity in the historical fiber of aspiyah. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, and by using a functionalism approach aims to build a social system or social structure obtained from the study of patterns of functioning relationships between individuals, between groups, or between social institutions that exist in a society. The results of this study are about how to seek knowledge, the stages in the process of seeking knowledge, ethics in gaining knowledge and also obedience in knowledge so as to obtain knowledge that is useful in a learning process and is also strengthened by hadith and the Koran, as well as existing quotes. in the historical fiber of aspiyah.

Membangun Fondasi Complementary Agenda Untuk Transformasi Digital Bisnis

Digital innovation is fundamentally changing the business landscape, driving advances in products, processes and business models. It involves complex interactions between technological and social aspects, creating ambiguity between process and product. It is important to understand how digital innovation impacts business process management. This study uses a literature approach to explore the concepts of digital innovation and business process management. The research was conducted by analyzing related literature from various academic and professional sources, including scientific journals, books and industry publications. Digital innovation not only creates technological progress, but also changes social processes and organizational structures. This phenomenon can be seen in platforms such as Uber or DevOps, which show a close connection between product and process. Digital innovation also enables continuous evolution and improvement of products and processes over time. Business process management is becoming increasingly important in facing the challenges and opportunities brought by digital innovation. Agile and adaptive process management strategies are needed to cope with rapid changes in the digital business environment. From the literature analysis, it appears that integration between digital innovation and business process management is very important. To optimize the benefits of digital innovation, organizations need to adopt an agile and adaptive approach in their process management. This involves continuous adaptation to technological and social changes as well as increased collaboration between various functions within the organization. Suggestions for future research are to conduct more in-depth empirical studies to understand the concrete impact of digital innovation on business process management, as well as to develop a practical framework for applying process management principles in the context of digital innovation.

Using Electronic Health Record Data for Occupational Therapy Health Services Research: Invited Commentary.

Health services research (HSR) is a field of study that examines how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and personal behaviors affect access to health care, the quality and cost of health care, and health and well-being. HSR approaches can help build the occupational therapy evidence base, particularly in relation to population health. Data from electronic health record (EHR) systems provide a rich resource for applying HSR approaches to examine the value of occupational therapy services. Transparency about data preparation procedures is important for interpreting results. Based on our findings, we describe a six-step cleaning protocol for preparing EHR and billing data from an inpatient rehabilitation facility for research and provide recommendations for the field based on our experience. Using and reporting similar strategies across studies will improve efficiency and transparency, and facilitate comparability of results.

Strengthening Social Systems and Social Structure in facing Disaster Threats in Palu City Indonesia

Disasters are not only caused by environmental vulnerability but also by social system and social structure problems. It requires strengthening the social system and social structure. This study aims to analyze (1) social capital strengthening to face disaster threats (2) strengthening the role of family social institutions to face disaster threats and (3) a model of strengthening the social system and social structure to face disaster threats. This research used Explanatory-Sequential Transformative design. Data collection used observations, in-depth interviews, of surveys and literature studies. The sample was 149 people. The results showed that (1) social capital strengthening occurred through mangrove planting, reforestation, disaster counseling and awareness of disaster sites. (2) strengthening family social institutions through knowledge of monitoring systems, early warning systems and signs and equipment, knowing evacuation routes and safety of self and others and (3) The model of social capital and social structure to strengthen the face of disaster threats is togetherness and cooperation based on the need for security and safety of residents. The research conclusions are: (1) social capital such as togetherness, cooperation, reciprocity and mutual trust are very urgent to unite communities exposed to disasters (2) strengthening family institutions took place through awareness of disaster knowledge and (3) social capital follows the priority of needs with which social capital operates.

Социально-структурные аспекты глобализации: методологические основы исследования

The article examines the category of the global social structure and its position in the conceptual and categorical apparatus of modern sociological science. This category is characterized by a certain novelty and needs further theoretical development. The authors note and describe the concepts that form the basis of the society’s global social structure research from the perspective of the modern system approach, and consider its significance in the typology of social structures of society. A special place in the article is devoted to the levels of social structures, the study of theoretical concepts that constitute the foundation of methodological representations of the global social structure study. As methodological sources, the article uses works directly related to the concepts of global social structure and metastructure. The authors conduct a sociological analysis of the social system and social structure categories; identify the social structure levels according to the dialectics of individual, special and general cognition. The article discusses the possibilities of applying the main provisions of A. A. Bogdanov’s tectology as a method for sociological research of various modern social systems and structures types. The applicability of the globalization sociological apparatus within the framework of the sustainable development concept is considered. The study suggests that the global social structure should be considered in conjunction with new social formations, namely global social strata and institutions. However, but this requires further development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus.

Leading early childhood education centers as professional bureaucracies – social organizational structures in Finnish early childhood education

PurposeThis study examines the social organizational structure of one early childhood education (ECE) center in Finland and the relationship between this structure and the roles and the responsibilities of the members of the organization.Design/methodology/approachThe research is a qualitative case study with ethnographic features. Its variables for content analysis are based on Henry Mintzberg's theory of organizational design.FindingsThe study's results show that the organizational structure of the ECE center follows the organizational configuration of a Professional bureaucracy and that the multiprofessional teams follow the configuration of a Simple structure. The structures for centralization and decentralization are suitable for a professional bureaucracy, but the roles of the members of the organization and the processes for shared decision-making lack clarification. The shortage of qualified ECE teachers disrupts the function of the organization and the work of ECE leaders.Research limitations/implicationsThe educational background of subjects may have affected the findings.Originality/valueThe study uses Henry Mintzberg's organizational structure theory to evaluate how and why power is distributed and activities are coordinated at the ECE center. The results also show what parts of the organization pose challenges that most commonly disrupt the organization's operations. With these findings, it is possible to expand the understanding of roles and responsibilities in the currently reforming ECE environment and what ECE centers need to function effectively. The study is part of a larger research project and will be continued to examine the leadership culture of the ECE center.

Moderation at Local Level: How Does Post-Islamism Elite Become More Moderate?

The explanation of when and under what conditions post-Islamism elite is more moderate toward democratic values is still up for debate. The majority of studies explain these issues at the national level without taking into account the local dynamics and variety of experiences. Based on a comparative study on Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Prosperous Justice Party or PKS) at the local level (Depok and Sukabumi City, West Java) on the acceptance and repudiation of religious freedom rights, this study argues that moderation is not a linear process and is largely determined by strategic confidence, where the moderation can maintain or even expand their power and influence. This study demonstrates how social pressure, organizational structure, and political experience are interconnected and influence the choice of moderation or immoderation.

The global impact of COVID-19 on child protection professionals: A scoping review and thematic analysis

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic triggered new risks for child maltreatment (CM) and exacerbated existing challenges for families and children, elevating the importance of child protection professionals (CPPs) while also adding barriers to their work. During the pandemic, many CPPs experienced increased workloads, a disrupted work environment, and personal pandemic-related hardships. However, the scope of how COVID-19 impacted CPPs globally, as well as their adopted coping strategies, have not been well explored. ObjectiveThis study addresses these gaps in the research by conducting an international scoping review to explore and analyze these topics. MethodThe scoping review was performed in six languages: English, Hebrew, Arabic, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, across 16 databases. Sixteen manuscripts were included in the final thematic analysis of this review. ResultsTwo main themes were identified: 1) the impact of COVID-19 on CPPs, and 2) the coping and adaptation strategies employed by CPPs during COVID-19. This review revealed and emphasized the importance of CPPs' resilience during COVID-19, underpinned by the theoretical framework of the social ecology of resilience. ConclusionsThis study highlights the responsibility of social ecologies and organizational structures to create readiness for a rapid response in times of crisis as well as valuable evidence to inform how CPPs, children, and families may be better supported in the event of a future crisis.

Clusters of rare disorders and congenital anomalies in South America.

To map geographic clusters of rare disorders and congenital anomalies reported in South America. Qualitative systematic review conducted in Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo electronic databases to identify studies meeting eligibility criteria. The strategy resulted in 1 672 unique articles, from which 164 were selected for full reading by a pair of reviewers. Fifty-five articles reported at least one cluster of genetic disorders or congenital anomalies in South American territory. From these papers, 122 clusters were identified, of which half (61) were related to autosomal recessive disorders. Sixty-five (53.3%) of the clusters were located in Brazil. The results of the review reinforce that rare diseases and congenital anomalies can occur in a non-random way in space, which is discussed in the perspective of the complex history of formation, social organization, and genetic structure of the South American population. Mapping clusters in population medical genetics can be an important public health tool, given that such places concentrate cases of rare diseases that frequently require multiprofessional, specialized care. Therefore, these results can support important agendas in public health related to rare diseases and congenital anomalies, such as health promotion and surveillance.

Models and methods for analyzing complex networks and social network structures

Objectives. The study aimed to investigate contemporary models, methods, and tools used for analyzing complex social network structures, both on the basis of ready-made solutions in the form of services and software, as well as proprietary applications developed using the Python programming language. Such studies make it possible not only to predict the dynamics of social processes (changes in social attitudes), but also to identify trends in socioeconomic development by monitoring users’ opinions on important economic and social issues, both at the level of individual territorial entities (for example, districts, settlements of small towns, etc.) and wider regions.Methods. Dynamic models and stochastic dynamics analysis methods, which take into account the possibility of self-organization and the presence of memory, are used along with user deanonymization methods and recommendation systems, as well as statistical methods for analyzing profiles in social networks. Numerical modeling methods for analyzing complex networks and processes occurring in them are considered and described in detail. Special attention is paid to data processing in complex network structures using the Python language and its various available libraries.Results. The specifics of the tasks to be solved in the study of complex network structures and their interdisciplinarity associated with the use of methods of system analysis are described in terms of the theory of complex networks, text analytics, and computational linguistics. In particular, the dynamic models of processes observed in complex social network systems, as well as the structural characteristics of such networks and their relationship with the observed dynamic processes including using the theory of constructing dynamic graphs are studied. The use of neural networks to predict the evolution of dynamic processes and structure of complex social systems is investigated. When creating models describing the observed processes, attention is focused on the use of computational linguistics methods to extract knowledge from text messages of users of social networks.Conclusions. Network analysis can be used to structure models of interaction between social units: people, collectives, organizations, etc. Compared with other methods, the network approach has the undeniable advantage of operating with data at different levels of research to ensure its continuity. Since communication in social networks almost entirely consists of text messages and various publications, almost all relevant studies use textual analysis methods in conjunction with machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. Of these, convolutional neural networks demonstrated the best results. However, the use of support vector and decision tree methods should also be mentioned, since these contributed considerably to accuracy. In addition, statistical methods are used to compile data samples and analyze obtained results.

Ignorance in organisations – a systematic literature review

This study is linked to previous research that approaches organisations as systems of shared meaning where ignorance is created and sustained, either unintentionally or deliberately, through various social interactions,symbolic processes, and organisational structures. While previous studies have touched upon organisational ignorance, there is a lack of systematically conducted research on its many forms and its many sources. This study analyses the causes, characteristics, and consequences of organisational ignorance. By reporting a systematic review of the literature, the paper contributes to the theory of organizational ignorance by developing a framework of organisational ignorance comprising the manageability (intentional or unintentional) and dynamics (bounded or expanding) of ignorance. Instead of framing ignorance as something that should be avoided, the study adopts anuanced approach to the organisation of ignorance.

Data, Anomalies; a Call to Cease and Desist.

Data, Anomalies; a Call to Cease and Desist.

Knowledge Sharing Model Based on Individual and Organizational Factors Related to Faculty Members of University

This study presents the knowledge-sharing model based on individual and organizational factors related to faculty members. To achieve this goal, individual and organizational factors were presented through qualitative research in the form of open codes, axial, and selective observations; then, the final model was obtained using a structural equation model. Participants included 1,719 faculty members of the university in Iran. The samples related to the qualitative survey included 25 faculty members and the samples for the quantitative survey included 326 faculty members selected by multistage cluster sampling. A 72-item questionnaire was used to measure the quantitative variables. The results showed that the status of knowledge sharing is moderate in universities. Individual factors influencing knowledge sharing included the sharing of educational materials, perception, confidence and knowledge self-efficiency, and organizational factors influencing knowledge sharing included structural social capital, cognitive social capital, social capital relations, organizational communication, organizational structure, organizational culture, IT infrastructure and systems of rewards. Finally, it was found that the contribution of individual factors on knowledge sharing was more than organizational factors; therefore, a model was presented in which the contribution of individual and organizational factors was determined.

Модернизационный вектор трансформации традиционного кочевого общества Монголии

Introduction. Transformation of a nomadic society is a multifaceted process. The social organization and inner structure of Mongolia’s nomadic society have undergone cardinal changes of the 20th century — only to experience various impulses of further development. Goals. The article aims to reveal the inner substantial side inherent to the transformation process within contemporary Mongolia’s nomadic society. The paper considers the social system of nomads as a self-organizing one that adapts to new market conditions and commodity-money relations to regenerate the institutions of traditional society, strengthen new social orders, and create advanced forms of social alliances and interactions. Materials. The work analyzes literary and field materials for insights into the phenomena of transformation in economic, social and cultural spheres of Mongolia’s nomads. Results. The study shows nomadic households are being gradually involved into market relations to be incorporated in the general division of labor system; defines functions of a contemporary nomadic community, such as protection of pastures in use, sharing of water and other natural resources, etc. Conclusions. The study delineates key characteristics inherent to the observed transformation of nomadic society, namely: commodification and individualization of nomadic livestock breeding and, as a consequence, rationalization of economic behavior, preservation of a mobile (migratory) lifestyle to be accompanied by fixation of nomadic boundaries and distinct localization of seasonal camps, replacement of traditional values by market ones. It is emphasized that kinship ties are being gradually replaced by territorial ones when it comes to identify borders of present-day nomadic social groups. The emergence of a territorial community attests to the overcoming of conservative features typical of nomadic society once largely based on family ties, tribal background, etc.

Equity-Minded Stage-Ahead Mentoring: Exploring Graduate Students' Narratives as Mentors to Undergraduates in STEMM

Shifting the existing lens of mentorship in graduate education to one that frames graduate students as mentors, rather than mentees, I explore how 10 STEMM doctoral student mentors considered social identities and organizational power structures in mentoring undergraduates. Using sociospatial and in-depth interview data, findings illuminate how mentors' approaches were characterized by identity concordance and discordance, knowledge of institutional and disciplinary minoritization, two-sided negotiation of organizational power dynamics, and organizational limits to providing tangible resources. This study documents individual and institutional complexities to fostering equity-minded mentoring, with crucial implications for training the next generation of STEMM faculty as equity-minded mentors.

Coevolution of social and communicative complexity in lemurs.

The endemic lemurs of Madagascar (Lemuriformes: Primates) exhibit great social and communicative diversity. Given their independent evolutionary history, lemurs provide an excellent opportunity to identify fundamental principles in the coevolution of social and communicative traits. We conducted comparative phylogenetic analyses to examine patterns of interspecific variation among measures of social complexity and repertoire sizes in the vocal, olfactory and visual modality, while controlling for environmental factors such as habitat and number of sympatric species. We also examined potential trade-offs in signal evolution as well as coevolution between body mass or brain size and communicative complexity. Repertoire sizes in the vocal, olfactory and visual modality correlated positively with group size, but not with environmental factors. Evolutionary changes in social complexity presumably antedated corresponding changes in communicative complexity. There was no trade-off in the evolution of signals in different modalities and neither body mass nor brain size correlated with any repertoire size. Hence, communicative complexity coevolved with social complexity across different modalities, possibly to service social relationships flexibly and effectively in pair- and group-living species. Our analyses shed light on the requirements and adaptive possibilities in the coevolution of core elements of social organization and social structure in a basal primate lineage. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cognition, communication and social bonds in primates'.