Social Navigation Systems Research Articles

Time-saving effects using helicopter transportation: comparison to a ground transportation time predicted using a social navigation software.

Previous comparison studies regarding 2 types of transportation, helicopter (HEMS) versus ground emergency medical services (GEMS), have shown underlying heterogeneity as these options have completely different routes and consequent times with reference to one patient. To compare the 2 types of transportation on a case-by-case basis, we analyzed the retrospectively reviewed HEMS and predicted GEMS data using an open-source navigation software.Patients transferred by military HEMS from 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. The HEMS records on the time of notification, injury point and destination address, and time required were reviewed. The GEMS data on distance and the predicted time required were acquired using open-source social navigation systems. Comparison analyses between the two types of transportation were conducted. Furthermore, linear logistic regression analyses were performed on the distance and time of the two options.A total of 183 patients were enrolled. There was no statistical difference (P = .3021) in the distance between the 2 types of transportation, and the HEMS time was significantly shorter than that of GEMS (61.31 vs 116.92 minutes, P < .001). The simple linear curves for HEMS and GEMS were separately secured, and two graphs presented the statistical significance (P) as well as reasonable goodness-of-fit (R2). In general, the HEMS graph demonstrates a more gradual slope and narrow distribution compared to that of GEMS.Ideally, HEMS is identified as a better transportation modality because it has a shorter transportation time (56 minutes saved) and a low possibility of potential time delays (larger R2). With a strict patient selection, HEMS can rescue injured or emergent patients who are “out of the golden hour.”

109. Identifying Adolescents With Elevated Social Risk In The Pediatric Emergency Department

Addressing social determinants of health (SDH) is a mandate of Healthy People 2020 and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The emergency department (ED), often serving as a safety net for vulnerable populations, may be a strategic venue for this activity as evidence supports the impact SDH can have on health outcomes. The objective of this analysis was to identify characteristics of adolescent ED patients who may benefit from proactive intervention during an ED visit to address and mitigate elevated social risk. We hypothesized that adolescents with one or more of the following characteristics would have a higher number of reported social risks than adolescents without them: 1) any of nine (9) chief complaints (animal bites, psychiatric complaints, intoxication, ingestion, reproductive or sexual health issues, peer assault, physical abuse, sexual assault/abuse or any complaint triaged at the least acute level), 2) a body mass index (BMI) > 95th percentile, 3) three or more non-urgent visits in the preceding 12 months, OR 4) poor asthma control. This is a secondary analysis of an ongoing randomized trial designed to measure the impact of an ED-based social navigation system on ED recidivism. Adolescents ( ≥13 years of age) seeking care in a large, urban pediatric ED completed a tablet-based survey comprised of questions regarding 13 social domains: literacy, housing, food security, education, access to primary care, mental health, substance abuse, sexual health and behaviors, intimate partner violence (IPV), immigration, human trafficking and legal issues. Items in each domain were derived from previously validated measures when available. The total number of reported social risks was calculated. The Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the median number of social risks between participants identified as high risk (as defined above) and those who did not. Statistical analysis was completed using SAS. In this ongoing study, 226 adolescents have been approached with 92 completed surveys. The mean age is 16.5 (SD 2.0) years and the majority identified as black (75.8%) and female (69.2%). 95.6% of adolescents reported at least one social risk factor; 46.1% reported at least 3 risk factors. The most frequently identified social risk factors were mental health issues (69.6%), safety issues (41.3%), sexual health issues (34.8%), and poor access to primary care (27.7%). The median number of social risk factors was 3 (95% CI 2-5) in patients with a high risk chief complaint, BMI > 95th percentile, more than 3 nonurgent visits in the preceding 12 months or poor asthma control versus 2 (95% CI 1-3) in patients without any of these characteristics (p=0.0014). Many adolescents seeking care in the pediatric ED report high rates of social risk. High risk adolescents had significantly greater numbers of social issues than non-high risk adolescents. Studies assessing optimal implementation of SDH screening and intervention in the pediatric ED are warranted.

Empirical Evaluation of Drivers’ Route Choice Behavioral Responses to Social Navigation

Even though route choice behavior and drivers’ acceptance of advanced traveler information systems have been studied in the past, little or no attention has been given to the route choice behavior and acceptance response to social navigation systems. What separates social navigation systems from traditional traffic navigation is that the route advice aims to minimize the individual travel time and the marginal total travel time in the network. In this study, drivers’ behavioral responses to social navigation route guidance were empirically evaluated under different information and incentive strategies. A traffic navigation application based on social navigation was developed and used in a pilot multiuser laboratory experiment. Participants were asked to make route choices in a virtual travel environment under various information and incentive strategies. Drivers were more willing to comply with the social advice when they were well informed and well rewarded. The results also show that female and novice drivers are more willing to comply with the social advice than are male drivers and experienced drivers. Aside from the level of altruism, a driver's indifference to switching routes also affects a driver's compliance with social advice.

Ranking Popular Items By Naive Bayes Algorithm

The problem of ranking popular items is getting increasing interest from a number of research areas. Several algorithms have been proposed for this task. The described problem of ranking and suggesting items arises in diverse applications include interactive computational system for helping people to leverage social information; in technical these systems are called social navigation systems. These social navigation systems help each individual in their performance and decision making over selecting the items. Based on the each individual response the ranking and suggesting of popular items were done. The individual feedback might be obtained by displaying a set of suggested items, where the selection of items is based on the preference of the individual. The aim is to suggest popular items by rapidly studying the true popularity ranking of items. The difficulty in suggesting the true popular items to the users can give emphasis to reputation for some items but may mutilate the resulting item ranking for other items. So the problem of ranking and suggesting items affected many applications including suggestions and search query suggestions for social tagging systems. In this paper we propose Naive Bayes algorithm for ranking and suggesting popular items.

Geomedia: on location-based media, the changing status of collective image production and the emergence of social navigation systems

The increased computational power of portable devices such as smart phones and laptops, and their integration with widely available global positioning systems, are opening the way for a new range of location-based applications that integrate and coordinate users' mediated interactions and data exchanges with other users' live geographical positions. This user-generated information, shared on navigable live virtual maps such as Google Latitude, Foursquare and Gowalla, illustrates the increasing use of location-based applications and the Web to create, assemble and disseminate personal information (in the form of images, sounds and text) to enable shared experiences of individually and socially relevant spaces and events. The new virtual maps, in which this information is visually blurred and merged, represent the emergence of a new paradigm in the visualisation of space. The article elaborates on the fundamental social and perceptual shifts that are being operated today by these new technologies and software applications that the author refers to as geomedia. Geomedia are not new media per se, but platforms that merge existing electronic media + the Internet + location-based technologies (or locative media) + AR (Augmented Reality) technologies in a new mode of digital composite imaging, data association and socially maintained data exchange and communication. In the article the author examines the early adoption of such new geolocation-based technologies and develops a theoretical analysis of the ontological and epistemological shifts that characterise their contemporary evolution, patterns of production and exchange, and the unique form of geolocational digital re-aggregation of which digital images are now a part.

Studying the effect of similarity in online task-focused interactions[36] (abstract only)

Although the Internet provides powerful tools for social interactions, many tasks-for example, information-seeking-are undertaken as solitary activities. Information seekers are unaware of the invisible crowd traveling in parallel to their course through the information landscape. Social navigation systems attempt to make the invisible crowd visible, while social recommender systems try to introduce people directly. However, it is not clear whether users desire or will respond to social cues indicating the presence of other people when they are focused on a task. To investigate this issue, we created an online game-playing task and paired subjects to perform the task based on their responses to a short survey about demographics and interests. We studied how these factors influence task outcomes, the interaction process, and attitudes towards one's partner. We found that demographic similarity affected how people interact with each other, even though this information was not explicit, while similarities or differences in task-relevant interests did not. Our findings suggest guidelines for developing social recommender systems and show the need for further research into conditions that will help such systems succeed.

Footprints of information foragers: behaviour semantics of visual exploration

Social navigation exploits the knowledge and experience of peer users of information resources. A wide variety of visual-spatial approaches become increasingly popular as a means to optimize information access as well as to foster and sustain a virtual community among geographically distributed users. An information landscape is among the most appealing design options of representing and communicating the essence of distributed information resources to users. A fundamental and challenging issue is how an information landscape can be designed such that it will not only preserve the essence of the underlying information structure, but also accommodate the diversity of individual users. The majority of research in social navigation has been focusing on how to extract useful information from what is in common between users' profiles, their interests and preferences. In this article, we explore the role of modelling sequential behaviour patterns of Users in augmenting social navigation in thematic landscapes. In particular, we compare and analyse the trails of individual users in thematic spaces along with their cognitive ability measures. We are interested in whether such trails can provide useful guidance for social navigation if they are embedded in a visual-spatial environment. Furthermore, we are interested in whether such information can help users to learn from each other, for example, from the ones who have been successful in retrieving documents. In this article, we first describe how users' trails in sessions of an experimental study of visual information retrieval can be characterized by Hidden Markov Models. Trails of users with the most successful retrieval performance are used to estimate parameters of such models. Optimal virtual trails generated from the models are visualized and animated as if they were actual trails of individual users in order to highlight behavioural patterns that may foster social navigation. The findings of the research will provide direct input to the design of social navigation systems as well as to enrich theories of social navigation in a wider context. These findings will lead to the further development and consolidation of a tightly coupled paradigm of spatial, semantic and social navigation.

Footprints of information foragers: behaviour semantics of visual exploration

Social navigation exploits the knowledge and experience of peer users of information resources. A wide variety of visual–spatial approaches become increasingly popular as a means to optimize information access as well as to foster and sustain a virtual community among geographically distributed users. An information landscape is among the most appealing design options of representing and communicating the essence of distributed information resources to users. A fundamental and challenging issue is how an information landscape can be designed such that it will not only preserve the essence of the underlying information structure, but also accommodate the diversity of individual users. The majority of research in social navigation has been focusing on how to extract useful information from what is in common between users' profiles, their interests and preferences. In this article, we explore the role of modelling sequential behaviour patterns of users in augmenting social navigation in thematic landscapes. In particular, we compare and analyse the trails of individual users in thematic spaces along with their cognitive ability measures. We are interested in whether such trails can provide useful guidance for social navigation if they are embedded in a visual–spatial environment. Furthermore, we are interested in whether such information can help users to learn from each other, for example, from the ones who have been successful in retrieving documents. In this article, we first describe how users' trails in sessions of an experimental study of visual information retrieval can be characterized by Hidden Markov Models. Trails of users with the most successful retrieval performance are used to estimate parameters of such models. Optimal virtual trails generated from the models are visualized and animated as if they were actual trails of individual users in order to highlight behavioural patterns that may foster social navigation. The findings of the research will provide direct input to the design of social navigation systems as well as to enrich theories of social navigation in a wider context. These findings will lead to the further development and consolidation of a tightly coupled paradigm of spatial, semantic and social navigation.

Supporting social navigation on the World Wide Web

This paper discusses a navigation behavior on Internet information services, in particular the World Wide Web, which is characterized by pointing out information using various communication tools. We call this behaviorsocial navigationas it is based on communication and interaction with other users, be it through email, or any other means of communication. Social navigation phenomena are quite common although most current tools (like web browsers or email clients) offer very little support for it. We describe why social navigation is useful and how it can be supported better in future systems. We further describe two prototype systems that, although originally not designed explicitly as tools for social navigation, provide features that are typical for social navigation systems. One of these systems, the Juggler system, is a combination of a textual virtual environment and a web client. The other system is a prototype of a web-hotlist organizer, called Vortex. We use both systems to describe fundamental principles of social navigation systems.