Social Movements Research Articles

Progressivism and Religious Disaffiliation in Chile: Responses to Social Movements

Progressivism and Religious Disaffiliation in Chile: Responses to Social Movements

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ РАЗОЧАРОВАНИЯ: РУССКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ 1917 Г. ГЛАЗАМИ ДВУХ ЭМИГРАНТОК

The memoirs of two Russian émigrés, anarchist Emma Goldman and socialist Angeliсa Balabanoff, recently published in Russia, provide a perspective on the formation of Bolshevik power after the October coup that differs from the Soviet version of events, revealing little-known aspects of the 1917 revolution. Goldman, deported from the United States, highlighted the role of anarchists in revolutionary Russia, portraying them not as a chaotic force but as a socialist movement advocating an alternative to the dictatorship of the proletariat—namely, the development of self-government as called for by Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin. Like other opponents of the Bolsheviks, the anarchists were ultimately suppressed. Balabanoff, a member of the Italian Socialist Party and the RСP(b), and secretary of the Executive Committee of the Comintern, discussed the methods of party building, particularly the Bolsheviks' influence on the split within the international socialist movement. Having arrived in Russia after the 1917 revolution to support the birth of a workers' and peasants' republic, both women were soon forced to leave, disillusioned by the policies of the Soviet state.

Narrating Against Uncertainty: Newspaper Documentation in the Syrian Revolutionary Movement

This article theorizes documentation in narratives – the process by which activists gather and write evidence of facts to build a coherent mobilization narrative. Focusing on narrating (the process) rather than narrative use, it argues that documentation in newspapers reflected the goal of ‘making sense’ in a context of uncertainty. To do so, it fledges the probative value of narratives, their capacity to convey stories not only with plots, characters and emotions but also through the logic of proof. Building on a sample analysis of Syrian revolutionary newspapers published after the 2011 Uprising, it shows how documentation helped build the opposition narrative with fact-finding and individual storytelling. When the regime denied the existence of protests and repression, revolutionary newspapers helped document the social movement (with photos and testimonies of protest) and the repression (with lists and testimonies of victims). In doing so, this article shows that documenting became an act of mobilization.

From imagination to activism: Cognitive alternatives motivate commitment to activism through identification with social movements and collective efficacy.

Having a vision and being able to imagine socially and ecologically just alternatives can motivate people for societal transformation. However, which psychological processes drive this link between the mental accessibility of societal alternatives and collective action? We hypothesized that collective efficacy beliefs and politicized identification form two pathways mediating the effects of cognitive alternatives on high-cost activist behaviour. Two studies and a pooled analysis tested these hypotheses longitudinally. Data were collected in two field settings: a climate camp and an online conference on socio-ecological visions. In line with our assumptions, and across three of the four analysed timeframes, latent change score modelling showed that changes in cognitive alternatives predicted changes in collective efficacy beliefs and social movement identification, which in turn, predicted changes in collective action intentions. We found clear evidence for our hypotheses in the short term and mixed evidence in the long term. Additional analyses including participative efficacy showed no relevant effects. We concluded that the ability to envision social change may foster a sense of agency as members of social movements. These processes linking imagination to activism are less about individual efficacy than about realizing the collective possibilities for change and identifying with the groups enacting it.

Examining Factors Contributing to the Entrenchment and Collapse of Authoritarianism Through the Lens of the Arab Spring

Abstract: This paper hopes to examine the reasons contributing to the failure of the Arab Spring to culminate in a lasting change in political reform and democratisation. The article utilises frameworks by previous authors to explain the phenomenon of the short-lived democracies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as well as provide additional insights of the author in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the reason why autocratic states are so entrenched within MENA. At the end of this, the aim is to provide political substantiations regarding the failure of the Arab Spring, as opposed to the current focus surrounding violence and civil war as the driver to stunted democratic growth and autocratic resurgence. The article concludes that MENA countries are uniquely situated by their social, political and economic institutions and history that make democratic growth difficult unless as a means to achieve another priority, such as economic prosperity. This can be extrapolated towards analysing the behaviours of a variety of other states, democratic or autocratic, in their interactions with their population and foreign states.

Research on political participation in contemporary Albania – an overview

ABSTRACT This article takes stock of research on political participation and civic engagement in Albania, a country generally perceived as lacking a civil society and a democratic political culture. Rather, Albanian political culture since the 1990s has been characterized by political conflict and a dysfunctional parliamentary life. On top of this comes widespread public dissatisfaction and a general lack of interest in politics. The general assumption is that a democratic political culture remains to be developed. Reviewing articles on public engagement in English-language journals and reports published in the recent decade, the overall picture is that research on Albanian political participation is poorly developed. There is a considerable amount of research and NGO reports dealing with formal political activity (electoral participation and party membership) and – in particular – studies of social movements, including protests and demonstrations. Other forms of participation are largely overlooked, like political consumption, social involvement, and civic engagement.

We need a global language rights movement: confronting the global language crisis with insights from social movement studies

Since the late 1980s, academics and activists have been drawing attention to a slow-moving global crisis: the ongoing destruction of global linguistic diversity. Despite this attention, language loss has proceeded unabated, and conservative estimates now suggest that around half the world’s languages will no longer be in use by the end of this century. In this provocation, I argue that only a global mass movement has the capacity to change the course of this crisis. I furthermore argue that a rights-based approach, centred on language rights, is our best bet for organising such a movement. Drawing on social movement studies, and my own experience as a language rights researcher and advocate, I explore three key areas where language rights provide the foundations for a mass movement in defence of linguistic diversity. First, I look at how language rights provide a discursive frame that resonates with other movements and clarifies the problem that needs to be addressed. Second, I look at how the concept of language rights can help recruit individuals and organisations into a mass movement and sustain their involvement in the cause. Third, I discuss how language rights provide a basis for effective collective action. In the conclusion I briefly discuss some of the challenges that will need to be overcome in forming a global mass movement for language rights.

Origins of Opportunity, Part 1: The Formation of CSWE’s Minority Research Fellowship Program, 1954–1978

ABSTRACT This paper marks the 50th anniversary of the Council on Social Work Education’s (CSWE) Minority Fellowship Program (MFP), exploring its historical development. Leveraging archival CSWE materials, it chronicles pivotal events from 1954 leading to the MFP’s inception in 1973 and its early research fellowship cohorts through 1978. This historical analysis examines the advocacy, challenges, and milestones within the CSWE and broader social movements that promoted diversity and inclusion in social work education. The MFP specifically addressed the underrepresentation of minorities by developing culturally attuned researchers and practitioners. This reflective examination enriches the social work historical record and underscores the MFP’s transformative impact in creating a profession that effectively reflects and serves our racially and ethnically diverse society.

How the Abandonment of Democracy and Internationalism Has Decimated the Socialist Movement

How the Abandonment of Democracy and Internationalism Has Decimated the Socialist Movement

Cosmopolitanism over Ethnonationalism through Social Movement: The Case of Anti-CAA Movement in India

Cosmopolitanism over Ethnonationalism through Social Movement: The Case of Anti-CAA Movement in India

Scapegoating Queerness: Associating Egyptian LGBTQIA Advocacy to Western Conspiracy as a Strategy for Aborting Democratization

Focusing on Egypt as a case study, this paper juxtaposes Mubarak and al-Sisi’s anti-queer measures in order to delineate their discursive strategy in framing collective victimhood vis-à-vis Western-sponsored gender activism in an attempt to overshadow the Muslim Brotherhood’s political visibility and reverse the liberal gains of the January 25 Revolution, respectively. This study argues that both presidents’ anti-queer discourse succeeded to abort calls for democratization because of rulers’ capitalization on populist and religious-nationalist idioms in developing a collective victimhood frame as a defensive strategy against constructed threats. Building on the social movement theories’ framing approach, this study unpacks the state’s three-pronged collective victimhood frame by drawing on the revival of Western colonial heritage, sovereignty assertion, and cultural authenticity to validate a generalized repression against non-heteronormative identities and non-conforming sexual practices during the Queen Boat incident in May 2001 and following al-Sisi’s ascension to power from 2014 until 2024.

Abstract B045: The impact of smoking status on the genomic landscape of lung squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Introduction: Molecular diagnostics have become a standard of care in determining the appropriate treatment paradigm for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Current guidelines indicate that histology is the most important criteria in deciding on conducting molecular testing. In lung adenocarcinoma, guidelines recommend that all patients with advanced disease undergo comprehensive molecular testing. However, the current National Comprehensive Cancer Guidelines (NCCN) suggest only consideration of molecular testing in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Despite this recommendation, numerous genomic alterations (GAs) have been observed in lung SCC including amplifications, fusions, and mutations. The list of druggable genetic alterations has been growing, now including ROS1 rearrangements, RET rearrangements, and MET alterations with associated pharmacologic therapies. This suggests a role for broader comprehensive molecular profiling in NSCLC. We sought to assess the impact of smoking status on the proportion of actionable GAs in a cohort of lung SCC patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed liquid biopsy reports from Guardant 360 between October 2020 and July 2023 that were obtained in the context of routine clinical care at a single institution, the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center. We then obtained social history from clinical documentation. Patients were categorized based on smoking status with the following categories: non-smoker, remote smoking history (quit >20 years prior), or smoking history (ongoing or quit within the last 20 year). Results: 56 patients were included in the final analysis. 98% (n = 55) patients had a documented smoking history, with 24% (n=13) classified as non-smokers. In total, 96% (n = 54) patients had detectable alterations of variable significance Of the 13 patients classified as non-smokers, 62% (n=8) patients had an actionable GA detected by liquid biopsy which has a current FDA approved agent. Of targetable GAs in the non-smoking cohort, the following alterations were observed: EGFR exon 19 deletion (44% , n=4), MET exon 14 skipping mutation (22%, n=2), EGFR G719S (11%, n=1), EGFR E114K (11% n=1). Of the 8 patients with targetable alterations detected, responses by RECIST included 4 partial response, 2 stable disease, and 2 progressive disease. The objective response rate (ORR) for this group was 55.6% and the clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 77.8%. Discussion: These data help illustrate the importance of genomic testing in lung SCC, particularly in patients with a non- smoking status. Given that 62% of non-smokers harbored a mutation treated with an FDA- approved agent, up-front genomic testing is of paramount importance. For smokers, numerous alterations were also detected which have been shown to result in decreased efficacy of immunotherapy regimens. This analysis helps highlight the potential value of liquid biopsy testing in lung SCC patients with both non-smoking and smoking histories. Citation Format: Adam Rock, Sahil Garg, Ravi Salgia, Victoria Villaflor, Ramya Muddasani, Erminia Massarelli, Colby Jenkins. The impact of smoking status on the genomic landscape of lung squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B045.

Abstract 4145822: The Enigma of Chest Pain: Rare Presentation of ALCAPA Syndrome in a Young Adult

Introduction: Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Arising from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA), also known as Bland-White-Garland syndrome, is a rare congenital anomaly(incidence:1 in 300,000 live births) typically presenting during infancy. Adult presentations are even rarer due to a high mortality rate of nearly 90% in the first year of life without surgical intervention. This report examines an adult patient with exercise-induced chest pain who received a delayed diagnosis of ALCAPA via multimodal imaging. Case Summary: A 21-year-old male presented to the emergency department(ED) with severe retrosternal chest pain radiating to both shoulders and arms, which began during exercise 30 minutes prior. He had a history of similar, milder episodes during exercise, previously treated as musculoskeletal pain and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the ED. His medical, social, and family histories were unremarkable. Physical examination revealed a soft, continuous murmur along the left sternal border. During this visit, An EKG done showed sinus tachycardia at 110 bpm and deep T-wave inversions in the anterolateral leads, a dynamic ST-T changes from his baseline.Serial Cardiac biomarkers and a lipid profile were within normal ranges. Initially managed for acute coronary syndrome-unstable angina with antithrombotic therapy, beta-blockers, and nitrates, he underwent urgent coronary angiography. This revealed a dilated right coronary artery (RCA) with retrograde flow to the left coronary artery (LCA) into the main pulmonary artery (PA) via collaterals, with no evidence of atherosclerosis (Figure 1).Echocardiography (Figure 2) and coronary CT angiography (Figure 3) confirmed the diagnosis of ALCAPA. The patient underwent successful surgical repair with aortic reimplantation of the LCA and was discharged in good health. Discussion: In adult ALCAPA patients, good collateral circulation may develop; however, myocardial ischemia can occur due to the "coronary steal phenomenon" and poor collateral flow regulation, leading to angina, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. ALCAPA should be considered a differential diagnosis in adults presenting with exercise intolerance, as most sudden cardiac death cases occur by the fourth decade. A high index of clinical suspicion and a multimodality imaging approach is essential for the early diagnosis of this rare coronary anomaly, underscoring the critical role of early surgical intervention in preventing catastrophic, life-threatening events.

Personalised exercise rehabilitation in cancer survivorship: Findings from a triage and referral feasibility study.

Screening, triage and referral systems are proposed as efficient, needs-based models of cancer rehabilitation. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the PERCS triage and referral system. Utilising a pre-post design, the feasibility of PERCS was evaluated quantitatively in the context of a physiotherapy-led clinic for patients diagnosed with cancer during COVID-19. Assessments at baseline and 12weeks (T1) included medical, social and physical activity history; patient-reported outcomes and performance-based measures. Following the assessment, the PERCS system allocated participants to one of three exercise pathways. Sixty-four participants were recruited over 5months (25.2% recruitment rate; female n = 39; mean age 61.4 (12.4) years). Almost all participants (90.6%) required support to become more physically active. The majority (n = 43, 66%) were referred to community exercise programmes, and n = 15 (23%) required physiotherapy rehabilitation. Five required medical pre-clearance, and one was re-triaged at 1week. The mean cost per participant for community exercise services was €107.70. At T1, adherence to physical activity guidelines increased for aerobic (44 to 83%) and resistance (13 to 67%) exercise. Improvements were observed in hand grip strength (x̄ 2.59kg, p = 0.001), 30-s sit-to-stand (x̄ + 3.7 stands, p < 0.001) and 6-min walk test (x̄ + 37.3m, p = 0.001). PERCS appropriately triaged patients to the right level of exercise and rehabilitation for individual needs. Participants experienced improvements in physical activity and physical functioning metrics. The PERCS triage and referral system is feasible to complete and may support the effective and patient-centred implementation of exercise into cancer care. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05615285.

“Greater than fear”: theorizing affective blockage in social movement rhetoric

ABSTRACT Created by street artist Shepard Fairey, the protest poster, “We the People are Greater than Fear,” emerged as a powerful visual response to the 2016 election of Donald Trump. Though celebrated as a progressive symbol of inclusion, we argue the poster, perhaps unwittingly, reinforces some of the very prejudices it seeks to confront by associating Muslimness with suspicion, foreignness, and fear. Using “Greater than Fear” as a case study, this essay contributes to scholarship combining critical affect theory with rhetorical studies by theorizing affective blockage as a means of understanding the ways affect contributes to the resilience of hegemonic narratives by preventing certain meanings from surfacing. We argue the poster reveals a cautionary lesson about how affect can obscure critique of cultural texts created with progressive intent, inadvertently bolstering softer, more subtle forms of racism embedded in liberal contexts. We also discuss the importance of interrogating rehearsed affective associations that, by virtue of their familiarity, seem normal and acceptable but ultimately reinforce exploitative conceptions related to identity categories such as race, religion, sexuality, class, and gender. We conclude with insights for rhetorical scholars about how affective associations can enable ostensibly liberal discourses while at the same time preventing their critique.

Correction to: How liberalism accommodates far-right social movements: on “mainstreaming” and the need for critical theory in far-right studies

Correction to: How liberalism accommodates far-right social movements: on “mainstreaming” and the need for critical theory in far-right studies

Social movements boosted online orders for US Black-owned restaurants after the murder of George Floyd.

We use the rise of Black Lives Matter and the sentiment of racial sympathy to examine the interplay between the social movement and citizens' sympathetic actions in supporting Black people. Using detailed food order flow information from one of the largest online food delivery platforms in the USA, we find that the total number of food orders from Black-owned restaurants increased by 39% relative to nearby non-Black-owned restaurants in the 140 days following the murder of George Floyd on the basis of a difference-in-difference model. The platform company's strategic traffic allocation acted as an accelerator, enhancing the sympathetic responses of individuals, but it did not drive the entire surge in food orders. Protests resulting in severe injuries and those linked to demands for defunding the police diminished the positive sympathetic responses, highlighting a potential risk associated with protests. Our study provides large-scale, micro-level evidence that social movements and increased sympathy can foster collective actions to support marginalized communities.

Peran Politik Islam Dalam Dinamika Pemerintahan Perspektif Dalam Negeri dan Luar Negeri

This study discusses the role of Islamic politics in government dynamics, with a focus on domestic and foreign perspectives. Islamic politics is a key factor influencing political policies and processes in many countries with a majority Muslim population. The aim of this research is to analyze how political Islam plays an important role in shaping government systems and public policies, both domestically and at the international level. This research uses a qualitative approach by combining literature analysis and case studies from several countries that represent differences within the country and abroad. The analysis was carried out by considering aspects such as Islamic political participation, the influence of Islamic politics on policy changes, and the impact of Islamic politics in international relations. The research results show that Islamic politics has a significant role in the dynamics of government in the country. Islamic political participation, through Islamic-based political parties or social movements, can influence the policy-making process and change the political orientation of the country. Factors such as religious identity, social justice, and the aspirations of Muslims often form the basis of Islamic politics in taking positions in government. At the international level, political Islam also plays an important role. Countries with a majority Muslim population often use Islamic politics as a tool to maintain their sovereignty and fight for their interests in the international arena. This can be seen in relations between Muslim countries and Western countries and in issues such as Palestine and the role of Islam in global affairs.

When Resisting Is Not Enough: The killing of Latin American Feminist Activists (2015–23)

ABSTRACT The article analyses an original database of 177 Latin American women activists killed that had some connection with feminist social movements from 2015 to 2023. A growing body of literature has focused on the killings of socio-environmental activists in Latin America and where they occurred. However, their activisms are under-researched, precisely because feminist social movements and activists have frequently been killed while advocating for women’s rights in the subcontinent. This article focuses on the circumstances, a few reasons portrayed in newspaper events, and the perpetrators of such violence. Based on a literature review, I argue that taking into account the recent narcodynamics of the region, it is possible to understand such violence within the context of drug-related violence, but also—and more likely—to consider those killings as political feminicides. Political feminicides are then examined largely through transfeminicides and peasant/communitarian activists.

Promoting Religious Moderation Among Bandung's Youth: Insights from SALIM Community

This research is aimed at finding out how Sahabat Lintas Iman (SALIM) organizes activities containing the value of religious moderation, analyzed using Anthony Giddens' theory regarding social movements. By using this sociological approach, the author tries to reveal the facts in the field regarding the socialization of religious moderation to the young generation of Bandung. The method used is descriptive by presenting the social phenomena obtained in narrative form. The type of data in this research is qualitative, equipped with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. In the research, data was found regarding the socialization of religious moderation carried out by the SALIM community to the young generation of Bandung. Researchers found three activities that have religious moderation values, namely: First, religious cafes are a place that combines enthusiastic young people with the experience of wise parents. Not just a meeting, but also an encounter that builds mutual understanding that inspires new perspectives. Second, the tour of places of worship is one of SALIM Bandung's programs in socializing religious moderation to the young generation of Bandung. The activities take place when one religion is celebrating its religious holiday. Third, the Interfaith Friends Meeting (PASINI) is a meeting between religious followers, without feeling low or high and without any secret agenda or goals.