Social Movements In Chile Research Articles

Social capital and rural development research in Chile. A qualitative review and quantitative analysis based on academic articles

The Bourdieusian and Putnamian traditions guide scientific debate on social capital at international level. Nevertheless, the recent literature by non-Western scholars has progressively widened the discussion by investigating in what way social capital could be further studied in different cultural contexts and traditions. Among these, Chile constitutes a compelling case study. Since the 1970s, the dictatorship has dismantled enclaves of collective action, especially in rural areas where agrarian reform was progressing towards an equal distribution of assets. Moreover, since the 1990s the neoliberal model, although mitigated by the growth with equity approach , has over time attested to asymmetric power relations reflected on the unequal distribution of wealth and high level of poverty specifically in rural areas. Specifically, the twofold aims of the paper are to: (i) identify key research priorities and specific contributions of Chilean literature to the international debate and, (ii) analyse how the Bourdieusian and Putnamian theoretical traditions on social capital have influenced the Chilean discussion. Consequently, a qualitative review of selected articles is presented and complemented with a quantitative analysis performed through network graphs of authors and journals, and bibliographic ratios. The results specify the five research priorities addressing causal links between social capital and (i) the environment, (ii) indigenous communities, (iii) political demand and public policies, (iv) participation, and (v) marketing strategies and market dynamics. Furthermore, results evidence the complementary role of Bourdieusian and Putnamian traditions in the Chilean discussion, which are considered synergic by scholars. • The results specify the five research priorities addressing causal links between social capital and the enviroment, indigenous communities, political demand and public policies, participation and, marketing strategies and merket dynamics. • In terms of the Bourdieusian and Putnamian theoretical perspectives on social capital, Chilean literature embraces both the theorisations, with a slight preference to the Bourdieusian one. • Since the 1990's the neo-liberal model applied in Chilean rural areas has been centred on vertical networks linking rural spaces to the global agro-food chain, with detrimental environmental, social, and economic externalities on peasants and indigenous populations. • The neo-liberal model has paid less attention to the role of horizontal social networks in local development processes, which in the long run could make the model unsustainable as recent social movements in Chile are already evidencing.

Social Movements in Chile (1983–2013): Four Theoretical and Historical Moments

During the 1980s, the study of social movements became a central element of Chilean social thought. In the context of the struggle against the dictatorship, the forms of organization and protest deployed by the popular sectors attracted the attention of academics and politicians in an attempt to determine their nature and democratizing potential. Hegemonic sociology concluded that social movements did not exist in Chile and that social mobilizations had to be subordinate to the strategy of political parties, thereby bestowing a “scientific” status on the social-political divide. In the 1990s, with the end of the dictatorship, those sociologists abandoned the study of social movements. Only social history persisted in the understanding of the formation of popular subjectivities, contributing tools for characterizing the popular realm and the most recent outbreaks of protest and mobilization. El estudio de los movimientos sociales se constituyó como un eje central del pensamiento social chileno en la década de los ochenta. En el contexto de la lucha contra la dictadura, las formas de organización y de protesta desplegadas por los sectores populares concitaron la atención de académicos y políticos, en aras de establecer su carácter y potencialidad democratizadora. La sociología hegemónica concluyó que no existían movimientos sociales en Chile, y que las movilizaciones sociales debían subordinarse a la estrategia de los partidos políticos, dotando de “cientificidad” la escisión entre lo social y lo político. En los noventa, con el fin de la dictadura, aquellos sociólogos abandonaron el estudio de los movimientos sociales. Sólo la historia social perseveró en la comprensión de la constitución de las subjetividades populares, aportando herramientas para la caracterización del mundo popular y de los más recientes estallidos de protesta y movilización.

One Step, Two Step, Network Step? Complementary Perspectives on Communication Flows in Twittered Citizen Protests

The article analyzes the nature of communication flows during social conflicts via the digital platform Twitter. We gathered over 150,000 tweets from citizen protests for nine environmental social movements in Chile and used a mixed methods approach to show that long-standing paradigms for social mobilization and participation are neither replicated nor replaced but reshaped. In digital platforms, long-standing communication theories, like the 1955 two-step flow model, are still valid, while direct one-step flows and more complex network flows are also present. For example, we show that it is no contradiction that social media participants mainly refer to intermediating amplifiers of communicated messages (39% of the mentions from participants go through this two-step communication flow), while at the same time, traditional media outlets and official protest voices receive 80–90% of their mentions directly through a direct one-step flow from the same participants. While nonintuitive at first sight, Bayes’s theorem allows to detangle the different perspectives on the arising communication channel. We identify the strategic importance of a group of amplifying intermediaries in local positions of the networks, who coexist with specialized voices and professional media outlets at the center of the global network. We also show that direct personalized messages represent merely 20% of the total communication. This shows that the fine-grained digital footprint from social media enables us to go beyond simplistic views of a single all-encompassing step flow model for social communication. The resulting research agenda builds on long-standing theories with a new set of tools.

Globalization, Inequality, and Transnational Activism: A Case Study on Chile

Globalization has transformed how states are governed through a neoliberal economic approach that reinforces an unregulated capitalist market. An emphasis on Chile is important because it was the first state in Latin America to apply neoliberalism and has been hailed as a prime example for other developing states to integrate similar strategies to strengthen the local economy. However, inequality continues to persist despite economic gains. A combination of historical struggles affecting victims of the Pinochet era and present struggles with poverty, have resulted in a constant conflict between the power elite and the rest of society. Social movements in Chile have played a pivotal role in raising international awareness and pressuring the local government to protect the rights of highly vulnerable populations. A focus on transnational activism provides an effective medium for local and international advocates to work together toward holding Chile accountable for addressing social disparities.

The Crisis of the Estado docente and the Critical Education Movement: the Escuelas Obreras Federales Racionalistas in Chile (1921–1926)

AbstractInspired by recent critical pedagogic and social movement theory, this article explores the cultural production of social movements in Chile at the beginning of the twentieth century. Questioning the belief that the Estado docente was the sole mechanism of social democratisation, it explores the pedagogic proposals developed by workers and their associations during what is referred to as the period of the ‘Social Question’. The article concludes by analyzing the factors which led to the demise of these alternative pedagogic experiments.

Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru

Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru

Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru. By Kenneth M. Roberts. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998. 370p. $55.00 cloth, $19.95 paper.

Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru. By Kenneth M. Roberts. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998. 370p. $55.00 cloth, $19.95 paper.

Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru. Kenneth M. Roberts

<i>Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru</i>. Kenneth M. Roberts

Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru. By Kenneth M. Roberts. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Pp. xiv, 370. Illustrations. Notes. Works Cited. Index. Cloth $55.00. Paper $19.95.)

Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru. By Kenneth M. Roberts. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Pp. xiv, 370. Illustrations. Notes. Works Cited. Index. Cloth $55.00. Paper $19.95.)

Student Activism In Chile’S Universities

"Student Activism In Chile’S Universities." NACLA Report on the Americas, 33(4), pp. 28–29 Additional informationNotes on contributorsMargot OlavarríaMargot Olavarría is a doctoral candidate in political science at the New School for Social Research. She is currently engaged in fieldwork on social movements in Chile.

Book reviews

Bulletin of Latin American ResearchVolume 19, Issue 1 p. 101-139 Book reviews First published: 05 April 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2000.tb00094.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Thorp, Rosemary (1998), Progress, Proverty and Exclusion: An Economic History of Latin America in the 20th Century, Inter-American Development Bank (Washington). Katz, Friedrich (1998), The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Jones, Grant D. (1998), The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Bell, Stephen (1998), Campanha Gaúcha. A Brazilian Ranching System, 1850-1920. Adelman, Jeremy (ed) (1999), Colonial Legacies: The Problem of Persistence in Latin American History. Bulmer-Thomas, Victor and Dunkerley, James (eds.) (1999), The United States and Latin America: The New Agenda. Leogrande, W.M. (1998), Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America 1977-1992. Arnson, Cynthia (ed.) (1999), Comparative Peace Processes in Latin America. Biekart, Kees (1999), The Politics of Civil Society Building. European Private Aid Agencies and Democratic Transitions in Central America. Belnap, Jeffrey and Fernandez, Raúl (eds.) (1998) José Martí's “Our America”: From National to Hemispheric Cultural Studies. Chomsky, Aviva and Lauria-Santiago, Aldo (eds.) (1998), Identity and Struggle at the Margins of the Nation-State: The Laboring Peoples of Central America and the Hispanic Caribbean. Míguez, Daniel (1998), Spiritual Bonfire in Argentina: Confronting Current Theories with an Ethnographic Account of Pentecostal Growth in a Buenos Aires Suburb. Kamsteeg, Frans H (1998), Prophetic Pentecostalism in Chile: A Case Study on Religion and Development Policy. Rodríguez, Victoria (ed.) (1998), Women’Participation in Mexican Political Life. Arias, Patricia and Fiona Wilson (1997), La Aguja y el Surco: Cambio Regional, Consumey Relaciones de Génera en la Industria de la Ropa en México. Laguerre, E.S. (1998), Diasporic Citizenship: Haitian Americans in Transnational America. Johnson, H. and Watson, K. (ed) (1998), The White Minority in the Caribbean. Bueno, Eva P. and Terry Caesar (eds.) (1998), Imagination Beyond Nation: Latin American Popular Culture. Parker, Richard (1999), Beneath the Equator: Cultures of Desire, Male Homosexuality and Emerging Gay Communities in Brazil. Kulick, Don (1998), Travesti: Sex, Gender and Culture among Brazilian Transgendered Prostitutes. Davies, Matt (1999), International Political Economy and Mass Communication in Chile: National Intellectuals and Transnational Hegemony. Roberts, Kenneth (1999), Deepening Democracy? The Modern Left and Social Movements in Chile and Peru. Petras, James (1999), The Left Strikes Back, Class Conflict in Latin America in the Age of Neoliberalism. Volume19, Issue1January 2000Pages 101-139 RelatedInformation

Deepening democracy?: the modern Left and social movements in Chile and Peru

Contents 1. Part I 2. 3. Part II 4. 5. 6. Part III 7. 8. 9.

Corrections: Democratization and the Decline of Urban Social Movements in Chile and Spain

Corrections: Democratization and the Decline of Urban Social Movements in Chile and Spain

Democratization and the Decline of Urban Social Movements in Chile and Spain

Page 275: The rise and fall of urban social movements in Chile and Spain, as Schneider argues, raises critical questions regarding the nature of political life in transitional situations and the conditions inhibiting the mobilization of protest. Unfortunately, most of the literature on these movements fails to address these questions. Scholars have tended to conceive of protest as a response to economic grievances or the postindustrial crisis of urban development. In Schneider argues, the economic crisis of the early 1980s was effective in alienating certain sectors, particularly the middle class, from the military government; however, the crisis in and of itself did not lead to protest. Rather, it weakened and divided the regime, creating the opportunity for protest. (Cathy Lisa Schneider, Radical Opposition Parties and Squatters Movements in Pinochet's Chile, in Sonia Alvarez and Eduardo Escobar, eds., The Making of Social Movements in Latin America [Boulder: Westview Press, 1992], pp. 261, 262, 264).