Social Movement Participation Research Articles

Tsow hope, reap progress: young people strengthening the rural

This study aims to analyze the perspectives and opportunities for rural young people to remain in their communities. The approach consists of carrying out a systematic review of Brazilian scientific literature to offer an overview of recent national research on rural youth. A search was carried out on the Capes Periodicals Portal, from 2019 to 2023, resulting in 23 articles, which were categorized into three main groups. The study categorized 23 articles into three main groups. The first, with ten studies, explored perspectives and permanence of rural young people, addressing motivations for staying or leaving, participation in social movements and female exodus. The second category, with seven studies, focused on formal education, including agricultural technological teaching and Alternation Pedagogy. The third category, with six studies, addressed opportunities such as courses, training, employment, income and rural microcredit. A double movement stands out in the rural world, with young people remaining or migrating to urban centers, highlighting the need for public policies that meet the demands of rural youth.

Youth political participation and digital movement in Indonesia: the case of #ReformasiDikorupsi and #TolakOmnibusLaw

The younger generations have always been at the forefront of and contributed significantly to social movements that are critical of state policies or respond to socio-political situations. This is also what happened in large movements involving young people in Indonesia, conventionally in the form of demonstrations and digital movements. This study seeks to explore the relationship between youth political participation, digital media, and the development of youth political identity by analyzing young people’s engagement in some of the most significant political protests in Indonesia during the mass protests of #ReformasiDikorupsi, a movement opposing the amendments of several important bills, and #TolakOmnibusLaw, a movement opposing the establishment of a new single bill related to labor and investment, between 2019 and 2020. By analyzing quantitative data through data mining from Twitter from October 2019 to November 2020 with the social network analysis method, this study discusses online youth participation in social movements and the way they shape their political identity. Our research found that young people play an active and central role in building online and offline movements. In particular, the online movement contributes to the growth of the offline protest movement, and vice versa, because of concerns about the practice of illiberal democracy.

Youth political participation and digital movement in Indonesia: the case of #ReformasiDikorupsi and #TolakOmnibusLaw

The younger generations have always been at the forefront of and contributed significantly to social movements that are critical of state policies or respond to socio-political situations. This is also what happened in large movements involving young people in Indonesia, conventionally in the form of demonstrations and digital movements. This study seeks to explore the relationship between youth political participation, digital media, and the development of youth political identity by analyzing young people’s engagement in some of the most significant political protests in Indonesia during the mass protests of #ReformasiDikorupsi, a movement opposing the amendments of several important bills, and #TolakOmnibusLaw, a movement opposing the establishment of a new single bill related to labor and investment, between 2019 and 2020. By analyzing quantitative data through data mining from Twitter from October 2019 to November 2020 with the social network analysis method, this study discusses online youth participation in social movements and the way they shape their political identity. Our research found that young people play an active and central role in building online and offline movements. In particular, the online movement contributes to the growth of the offline protest movement, and vice versa, because of concerns about the practice of illiberal democracy.

A critical activist orientation predicts lower latent ableist bias

AbstractDespite legal efforts to reduce societal barriers, people with disabilities still face ableist bias, stereotyping, and stigma. According to the social movement hypothesis, people's participation in and identification with activist movements may reduce bias towards social outgroups. Alternatively, people's intergroup attitudes and bias may influence their participation in activist activities. This study used structural equation modeling to investigate whether reduced bias towards people with disabilities is associated with critical activism and/or personal, familial, or work experience with disability. Undergraduates (N = 497) completed an online survey including measures of ableist bias, critical activist orientation, experience with disability, and demographic characteristics. The relation between having a critical activist orientation and lower ableist bias was bidirectional, suggesting reciprocal influences between individual‐level attitudes and participation in progressive social movements. Aligning with intergroup contact theory, personal (lived) and familial experience with disability correlated with reduced ableist bias, and familial and work experience with having a critical activist orientation. Male gender correlated with increased ableist bias, and male gender, White race, and higher social class with lower endorsements of a critical activist orientation. The results suggest that disability experience and social status influence critical activist identity, which predicts lower bias.

Sociological Review of Women Participation in Social Movements of Nepal

This article applies social structural approach to analyze women's involvement in social and political movements. It studies feminist movement of the world, and draws conclusion on the history and contemporary state of women as participants of movement sin Nepal. It reviews some theoretical articles written by foreign scholars by giving equal emphasis to Nepali writers' articles to review the evolution of women participation in movements in Nepal. Throughout the paper, feminist movement in common and issues of women exclusion in particular are discussed. Women issues or the feminist movements are often taken as lightly, but the paper believes that women participation in social and political movements of Nepal is attached more to class component than the purely qualitative component like social exclusion. To be specific, middle-class women in Nepal are the pioneers of women's rights movement, and have contributed a lot to ensure women rights both in legal and political areas. Rights and privileges given to women both constitutionally and politico-culturally, basically from the 1990s in Nepal, and the benefit women have received in the fields of education, health, politics, employment, marriage, property, etc. are the results of middle-class women's actively leading role in political movements.

Young people from the field, professional activity and political protagonism: a study on the graduates of the School Farm Family Dom Fragoso – Independence/EC

This paper aims to present the main results of the Master's research, developed in the Graduate Program (Professional Master's Degree) in Field Education - UFRB. The present research sought to analyze the vocational training of young people from the fields of the Dom Fragoso EFA and its consequences on productive and political insertion in their rural communities, in the region of Inhamuns/Crateús. It is a qualitative research, the collection of data by applying an online questionnaire with 37 young people who have come back and carrying out 08 semi-structured interviews. The results of the research indicate that they are young people from the countryside, sons and daughters of rural workers, the first of their families to have concluded high school and to have gone into higher education. The majority of them migrated to the medium and large urban centers of the state, in search of work or for continuity of studies in higher education, however, it is evident the strong feeling of belonging of young people returning to their territories of origin. Finally, the importance of the political training obtained by the young people who have returned to the Dom Fragoso TASK, expressed in their active participation in social organizations and movements and in the struggle to conquer the right to remain in the field, is highlighted.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG MENAFSIRKAN ARAH POLITIK DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

In the context of interpreting political direction, individuals are often concerned with several key factors:Public Policy: The interpretation of political direction is often related to the analysis of public policies proposed, passed or enacted by the government. This includes policies in areas such as the economy, education, health, environment and security.Political Trends: Individuals also pay attention to long-term political trends, including shifts in political ideology, support for specific political parties, and electoral dynamics.Political Leadership: Interpretation of political direction also includes analysis of political leadership, including leadership style, proposed policies and responses to key issues. Social and Economic Context: The social and economic context also plays an important role in the interpretation of political direction. Individuals consider factors such as unemployment rates, economic inequality, changing demographics and social tensions. Community Involvement: People's involvement in the political process, including participation in elections, protests, and social movements, is also a factor considered in the interpretation of political direction. This research is a qualitative approach research with descriptive mode data type, which seeks to present objective facts in accordance with the conditions that occurred at the time the research was conducted. Qualitative descriptive research seeks to describe all existing symptoms or circumstances, namely the state of the symptoms according to what they are at the time the research was conducted. Conclusions about community perceptions of interpretations of political direction and public policy Communities have a variety of views and interpretations of political direction and public policy. Factors such as cultural, social, economic and educational backgrounds can influence the way people see and understand government measures.

When Rubber Bullets Fly, Family Comes First: How Fathers in Hong Kong Reconciled with Their Activist Children

ABSTRACT The article examines the dynamics of father-children relationships in conflict management during and after the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti-ELAB) movement in Hong Kong. In-depth interviews with 17 fathers and 21 activists revealed how authoritarian approaches to fatherhood influence family conflict outcomes against the backdrop of social upheaval during and after the 2019 protests in Hong Kong. A conceptual framework of intimacy and face (mianzi or lian) enriches the discussion of fatherhood roles, father-children conflict management, and how participation in social movements affects their relationships. The construct of fatherhood is variable, changing, and relational, and it involves intimacy and face for father-son/daughter relationships to remain healthy during political conflicts. Hong Kong presents a unique case of evolving fatherhood, parent-child relationships, and family dynamics where the link between gender and social movement participation is extended beyond political-economic processes. This article contributes to the literature on the intergenerational dialogue between fathers and their activist children outside a Western context.

The Borders of Migrant and Refugee Activism in South Africa

Abstract This article examines the relationship between the activities of civil society organizations (CSOs) on migration and refugee issues with state-making processes and discourses in South Africa, based upon key informant interviews, discourse analysis, and ethnographic research. It argues that this relationship brings attention to the defining and reinforcement of national borders set against the backdrop of the ‘corporate pact’ between the South African government and CSOs that has necessitated public participation in social movements and voluntary associations involved in a range of different xenophobic activities that are legitimized by political parties seeking popularity, and the state. Financial resources operate as ‘material disciplines’ by influencing the kind of problems that are visible, and, in turn, categories that non-state actors like philanthropies, charities, and donors consider worthy of protection. Those affected by shifting categories and their influence on NGO support like Zimbabweans have taken matters into their own hands to counter this novel border from below.

Action dilemmas in prefigurative politics: making prefiguration feasible in Sweden

ABSTRACT Prefigurative political movements often attempt to create and maintain an alternative reality, where activists can enact and experiment with a desired future. Yet, sustained participation in a prefigurative project requires that individuals view this potential future as realizable and feasible. Based on a long-term ethnographic study of a radical left-libertarian movement in Sweden, I identify three dilemmas activists must solve to allow prefiguration to remain feasible, which I term practical prefiguration, principled prefiguration, and purposeful prefiguration. In practical prefiguration, individuals must find ways of balancing commitments and obligations from identities outside the movement with their identities as social movement participants. Principled prefiguration, conversely, focuses on the challenges prefigurative participants encounter as they attempt to translate broad, macro ideological principles into local interactional norms. Finally, purposeful prefiguration explores how activists maintain optimism, hope, and belief in a prefigurative project through creating and maintaining measures of success that are not based on instrumental social change. In this article, I investigate the strategies long-term activists used to solve these problems. I argue these strategies often require changes in movement form, tactics, and character as activists accommodate the realities of the present, which can potentially threaten the prefigurative nature of a political project. The article concludes by arguing that inequalities in prefigurative movements can arise from the solutions to these practical problems, but that prefigurative projects must find ways of balancing present and future if they wish to survive.

Instrumentality and/or Identity? Explanation of Participation in Collective Action in the Gabonese Repressive Context Based on the Dual-Pathway Model of Social Movement Participation

The dual-pathway model of social movement participation posits that engagement in social movements is done through an instrumental pathway (by evaluating the costs and benefits of participation) or an identification pathway (by becoming aware of the similarity and destiny shared with members of the same social category as oneself); these pathways are mutually exclusive. In the present research, this postulate, formalized and tested until now exclusively in a democratic context, is tested in a repressive context, which differs from the democratic context due to the quasi-systematic recourse of the institutional authorities to coercive tactics to prevent the expression of dissident discourse and conduct. The data were collected during a student social movement from 389 Gabonese students (232 men and 152 women), aged between 16 and 33 (M = 23.9, SD = 3.20). They were administered self-reported measures, focusing on instrumentality, identity, and intention to participate in protest action. The results report that the instrumental and identification pathways simultaneously predict the intention to participate in protest action. They are therefore not mutually exclusive, as the model suggests.

The Rural Woman Speaks in 1970s Argentina

AbstractStudies of the “people’s spring,” the period of unprecedented social mobilization in Argentina in the early 1970s, frequently omit rural women even though they were among the sectors that rallied for social justice. In most of Latin America at the time, rural women were prevented from equal participation in social movements; in contrast, rural women in northeastern Argentina actively participated in the Movimiento Agrario Misionero (MAM). This article uses letters and newspaper articles in Amanecer agrario to answer two questions: First, what did womanhood mean for rural women in northeastern Argentina during the early 1970s? Second, what did the “people’s spring” mean for these same women? Although the movement split, with women from small farms generally wanting MAM to expand its efforts to broader societal problems and women from medium farms generally wanting MAM to stay focused on the concerns of Misiones farmers, throughout it all, rural women communicated their hopes, desires, and concerns for themselves, their families, and their communities.

Negotiating civic identity across different political contexts: Immigrant participation in social movements and political incorporation

AbstractThis article examines the understudied intersection between migration and contentious politics, focusing specifically on immigrant participation in social movements within their host societies. Drawing upon data from the Anti‐Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti‐ELAB) Movement in Hong Kong, it illuminates the process through which Chinese immigrants become politicized, evolve collective identities, and mobilize against civil dominance. Further, it underscores the transformative potential of social movements in facilitating immigrant political incorporation. However, it also recognizes the unilateral acceptance determined by mainstream society, which often leaves immigrants sidelined in discussions regarding their qualifications for unconventional political participation. To address civil inequality, immigrants establish their civil identities, challenge dominance, and amass political capital for future incorporation. This study extends the migration and social movements literature by shedding light on the political dynamics of immigrant participation and the hurdles they encounter during their journey toward political incorporation. It also underscores the significant role of progressive social movements in fostering immigrant political participation. Furthermore, the research highlights the unique immigrant political identity that emerges and evolves through participation in social movements, contesting exclusion and monopolistic dominance over democratic realization.

Generational Differences in Local Identities, Participation in Social Movements, and Migration Intention Among Hong Kong People

We adopt and extend Hirschman’s (1970) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty framework to investigate the associations between local identities, participation in social movements, and migration intention in Hong Kong. Data are from random sampled surveys collected from February to April 2021, June to August 2021, and March to June 2022 ( N = 3,003) from people in Hong Kong with the British National (Overseas) status. The findings show that the Hong Konger identity is associated with a higher level of participation in social movements and a stronger migration intention. There are few variations in these associations across the generations. Furthermore, participation in social movements is a strong push factor to migration, and no generational difference in the association is found. Overall, the findings imply that when political freedom is in decline, as in the case of Hong Kong, a local identity is associated with voicing for reforms. In the case of failed social movements, a local identity and previous experiences in voicing out are associated with a higher chance of exit to another country.

Critical Mass Theory and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of Gezi Protests in Turkey

The meeting organized in Gezi Park on May 27th, 2013 to protest the construction of a mall in the historical park has turned into a nationwide collective movement with a gradual increase in the number of participants from different ages, classes, and political backgrounds in an era in which the young were claimed to be apolitical in comparison to the 1968 generation of Turkey. The phenomenon did not only draw the attention of the international press and news during those times but also turned into an outstanding and popular topic for academic studies. Therefore, there are several publications analyzing the Gezi Uprising and the profile, psychology, and motivation of Gezi participants. Using critical mass theory to analyze the data collected through literature review, this study examines the collective action and interdependence of the heterogeneous participant profiles with different motivations in order to understand how the Gezi protests of 2013 emerged as the largest social movement of Turkish political and social history. This study does not aim to fully answer why there are no large-scale demonstrations despite the rate of discontent in today’s Turkey being much higher than that of 2013; however, critical mass theory certainly provides sufficient background to interpret participation in social movements en masse in the post-Cold War era when there is no political leader and organization leading the uprisings.

Youth political participation and digital movement in Indonesia: the case of #ReformasiDikorupsi and #TolakOmnibusLaw

The younger generations have always been at the forefront of and contributed significantly to social movements that are critical of state policies or respond to socio-political situations. This is also what happened in large movements involving young people in Indonesia, conventionally in the form of demonstrations and digital movements. This study seeks to explore the relationship between youth political participation, digital media, and the development of youth political identity by analyzing young people’s engagement in some of the most significant political protests in Indonesia during the mass protests of #ReformasiDikorupsi, a movement opposing the amendments of several important bills, and #TolakOmnibusLaw, a movement opposing the establishment of a new single bill related to labor and investment, between 2019 and 2020. By analyzing quantitative data through data mining from Twitter from October 2019 to November 2020 with the social network analysis method, this study discusses online youth participation in social movements and the way they shape their political identity. Our research found that young people play an active and central role in building online and offline movements. In particular, the online movement contributes to the growth of the offline protest movement, and vice versa, because of concerns about the practice of illiberal democracy.

The fight for the human right to health in the COVID-19 pandemic: the political participation of social movements

The fight for the human right to health in the COVID-19 pandemic: the political participation of social movements

Sexual Identities and the Role of Marriage in Social Movement Activism

Though marriage is seemingly attached to the private sphere and politics to the public sphere, marriage and politics operate as intertwined institutions. Political parties routinely pitch themselves as “the protector of family values” and getting married can shift a person’s political commitments. Studies generally agree that married people in different-sex marriages are more conservative than single or divorced individuals, but there is uncertainty as to whether same-sex marriages have the same political ramifications. This study examined data from the 2010–2102 American National Election Survey and found that sexual identity sometimes modifies the conservative elements of marriage (n = 3815). Same-sex marriages inspired greater participation in antiracist, queer, and feminist social movements while different-sex marriage showed an inverse relationship. Implications for how these findings require a rethinking of the marriage and politics are addressed as well.

Narratives and impacts of formal climate education experienced by young climate activists

Education has recently gained new attention as a key strategy for addressing climate change. Much of these efforts are aimed at young people via formalized climate change education. At the same time, young people are increasingly engaging with climate change via activism and social movement participation. But to what extent does existant climate education actually supporting action? This research article addresses this question through oral histories with young climate activists to explore their experiences of climate education. These narratives reveal that most young activists learned about climate change through formal, school-based science learning. The pedagogies that these youth experienced framed climate change as an abstract, scientific issue, removed from daily life. However, this framing failed to address the political and justice-related aspects of climate change, as well as strategies for addressing it. The impact of the pedagogies is that youth were immobilized and experienced panic and dread about climate change. The implications of these findings are discussed, including recommendations for climate pedagogies that support substantive climate action.

Social Media Usage and Interactions: An In-Depth Interview on BERSIH 2.0 Social Media Visual Framing

The BERSIH movement in Malaysia is a coalition of civil society organizations advocating for clean and fair elections. This research examines how visual communication shapes political participation by focusing on the visual framing of the BERSIH movement. The study interviewed ten visual communication experts to uncover the meanings and ideological representations behind the visual frames used in the movement. The investigation identified three main themes: portrayal of the crowd, significant individuals, and injustice. The portrayal of the crowd theme highlighted the use of visuals to create a sense of unity and solidarity among participants, while the significant individuals theme emphasized the importance of visual representations of influential figures in shaping people's perceptions. The injustice theme highlighted the use of visuals to expose the injustices and inequality within the electoral system. The study found that visual framing plays a significant role in shaping people's attitudes towards political participation. Neutral or cool visual elements can evoke strong feelings and attract people to the cause, demonstrating that visual elements play a vital role in political mobilization. The findings suggest that carefully crafting visual frames can evoke strong emotional responses and encourage participation in political action. This research sheds light on the power of visual communication in shaping political participation in Malaysia's social movements and highlights the need for a strategic approach in creating visuals that appeal to people's emotions and encourage political engagement. Keywords: Visual framing, social movement, social media, politics, Malaysia.