Social Loafing Behavior Research Articles

Social Loafing Behavior of Students in the Group Learning Process in Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Islam Bandung

Social loafing is influenced by factors like the absence of individual contribution evaluation, unclear responsibility distribution, and intrinsic motivation. Equity theory posits that individuals compare inputs and outcomes with others and respond to eliminate inequity. When one group member engages in social loafing, others may reduce their efforts to avoid being perceived as “suckers.” Conversely, if one member overachieves, others may free-ride on their efforts. This behavior threatens group productivity and should be balanced among members. A survey revealed that many students felt some group members were unproductive, indicating social loafing behavior. The study examined the impact of equity on social loafing behavior, hypothesizing that equity negatively affects social loafing. Linear regression analysis was employed, and data were collected from 106 students. The findings indicate a significant negative relationship between equity and social loafing, supporting the hypothesis. Inadequate equity perceptions can lead to the spread of social loafing, impacting group performance. In conclusion, equity plays a crucial role in mitigating social loafing behavior in group learning processes. Clear rules and guidelines for group assignments can help maintain equity perceptions among students, ultimately fostering a more productive and collaborative learning environment. Keywords: social loafing behavior, students, group work

Effectiveness Problem-Solving Techniques Through Group Guidance Services to Reduce Social Loafing

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of group guidance services through problem-solving techniques to reduce students' social loafing. The research method used is quantitative, with a pre-experiment design of one group pretest-posttest. The primary and secondary data used in this research are primary and secondary. Secondary data was obtained from documentation, while primary data was obtained through a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The population of this study was 63 students at MTs Islamiyah Hessa Air Genting. Sample as many as eight people who had social loafing behavior. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale. Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with the SPSS For Windows Versions 22.0 statistics program. The results show that the significant value of Asymp. Sig(2-tailed) < 0.05, namely 0.012. This means that group guidance services through problem-solving techniques effectively reduce social loafing in students.

Effects of Organizational Justice on Social Loafing: The Mediating Role of Felt Obligation

Although there has been an increasing body of work on social loafing for over ten years, there are still gaps in our understanding that require further investigation. There is currently a lack of research on organizational justice and the sense of duty towards social loafing. This study examines how organizational fairness (procedural, distributive, interactional) affects social loafing to address a gap in the existing literature. According to social exchange theory, the study predicted that perceived obligation would act as a mediator in the relationship between organizational justice and social loafing. Information was collected from 272 private sector employees in Malaysia. The measurements were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. With the exception of distributive justice, most direct links have a considerable influence on social loafing, as indicated by the data. Statistical findings confirmed the mediating role of perceived obligation between procedural fairness, distributive justice, and social loafing. The findings did not show that felt obligation plays a mediating role in the link between interactional justice and social loafing behavior. The study advanced knowledge by establishing new connections between organizational fairness, felt obligation, and social loafing behavior. Distinct measures of employees' perceptions of organizational justice offer a more comprehensive understanding of the connection between negative outcomes and their views of the organization. Additionally, the reciprocation process explains the link between organizational justice and social loafing. This research demonstrates that organizational fairness is a crucial component in predicting social loafing behavior, which would be advantageous for employers and human resource experts. Improvements can be made by establishing equitable and uniform workplace standards, encouraging employee input and involvement in decision-making, and demonstrating decency and respect for subordinates to prevent counterproductive actions like social loafing.

An Empirical Study of Social Loafing Behavior among Public Officers in South Korea: The Role of Trust in a Supervisor, Perceived Organizational Support, and Perceived Organizational Politics.

This study explored the effects of trust in a supervisor (TIS) on social loafing behaviors of employees. In addition, this study examined the mediating effect of perceived organizational support (POS) on the relationship between trust in a supervisor and employees' social loafing behaviors. It also examined the moderating effects of perceived organizational politics (POP) on the relationship between TIS and POS, TIS and social loafing behaviors, and POS and social loafing behaviors. Data were collected from local government employees in Korea, and the final sample was 260. Our results indicate that trust in a supervisor has indirect negative effects on social loafing behaviors mediated by POS. In addition, it was found that the effects of TIS on POS and POS on social loafing behaviors were moderated by POP. The results of this study contribute to the extant literature on social loafing behaviors. Moreover, the findings imply that political behaviors in organizations might induce social loafing behaviors.

Description of Social Loafing Behavior of Students of SMAN 16 Padang and Its Implications in Guidance and Counseling Services

Groups are an integral part of students' daily lives, and activities carried out in groups can make students into individuals who have the ability to interact, communicate, and work together to achieve the same goals. However, in reality, there are still students who reduce their efforts to be involved in group activities. This reduced effort is an individual's tendency to engage in social loafing or social laziness. This study aims to describe students' social loafing behavior in several aspects: (1) motivation, (2) activity, (3) responsibility, (4) dompleng (a free ride), and (5) responses to evaluations from other people. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The population in this study was 645 students in grades XI and XII at SMAN 16 Padang for the 2021/2022 academic year and a sample of 250 students. sampling technique using proportional random sampling. The collection of data for this study used a behavioral questionnaire on social loafing in students of SMAN 16 Padang. The results of this study indicate that the social loafing behavior of SMAN 16 Padang students is in the moderate category. The results of research on the social loafing behavior of students at SMAN 16 Padang can be seen in detail as follows: (1) The social loafing behavior of students seen from the motivational aspect is in the low category; (2) students' social loafing behavior seen from the aspect of liveliness is in the medium category; (3) students' social loafing behavior seen from the aspect of responsibility is in the medium category; (4) students' social loafing behavior seen from the dompleng aspect is in the medium category; and (5) students' social loafing behavior seen from the aspect of the response to the evaluation is in the medium category.

The Influences of Procedural Justice on Turnover Intention and Social Loafing Behavior among Hotel Employees

This study examines the influences of procedural justice on the turnover intention and social loafing behavior among employees in the hotel industry. Despite a growing body of literature regarding the relationship between organizational justice, turnover intention and social loafing, there is limited published research on the influence of procedural justice on social loafing behavior among hotel employees with the mediating effect of turnover intention. For this purpose, a questionnaire was self-administered to employees working at different hotels in Saudi Arabia. AMOS software was employed for structural equation modeling (SEM) data analysis. The results show that procedural justice significantly and negatively influences social loafing behavior. Furthermore, procedural justice significantly and negatively influences turnover intention, whereas the turnover intention significantly and positively influences social loafing behavior. Turnover intention partially mediates the link between procedural justice and social loafing. The study outcomes confirm that procedural justice is important for any organization; nevertheless, it is not enough to decrease social loafing behavior among hotel employees, especially when turnover intention exists. The results have implications for hotel practitioners and scholars in relation to reducing turnover intentions and social loafing behavior among employees.

Perbedaan Perlilaku Social Loafing Ditinjau Dari Big Five Personality Theory Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Medan Area

This study aims to determine the differences in Social Loafing behavior in terms of the Big Five Personality of psychology faculty students at Medan Area University. The problem was focused on Social Loafing behavior that occurs in 2018 2019 students. To approach this problem, the theoritical references from Myers Twenge and Cervone Pervin is used. The data was collected through google form and analyzed quantitatively. Subjects were 64 people, with a sampling technique, namely Accidental Sampling. The measuring instrument used in this research was the Social Loafing scale and the TIPI (Ten Item Personality Inventory) scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS with the One Way Anova technique. This study concludes that there were significant differences in Social Loafing behavior (F = 9,284; Sig = 0.000 0.050) in terms of the Big Five Personalities, with Neuroticism has the highest mean (37.67) while Conscientiousness has the lowest mean (23,92).

Perilaku Social Loafing pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Islam : Individualisme Gen-Z di Era Media Sosial

Nowadays, Students are the parts of z generation also the agents of change. But, in this social media era there are many deviant behavior. This study aims to describe the social loafing behavior that occurs in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) students based on its aspects. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. Data collection in this study was in the form of questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, the sample is the active students of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) study program in semesters 2, 4 and 6 of 2021/2022 as z generation. Based on the result of this research, it is known that social media creates an individualism in z-generation. It made social loafing in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Students

SAĞLIK KURUMLARINDA İŞ ARKADAŞLARININ SOSYAL KAYTARMASI İLE BİREYİN KAYTARMA DAVRANIŞI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE İŞ TATMİNİ VE ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIĞIN ARACI ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlık kurumlarında sosyal kaytarma davranışının öneminin ortaya koyulması ve bireyin kendi sosyal kaytarması ile iş arkadaşlarının sosyal kaytarması arasındaki ilişkide iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılığın aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma örneklemi, Ankara'da bir üniversite hastanesinde görev yapan 336 sağlık çalışanıdır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler, IBM SPSS 21.0 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İş arkadaşlarının sosyal kaytarma davranışı ile bireyin kendi sosyal kaytarma davranışı arasındaki ilişkide iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık rolünün belirlenmesi için hiyerarşik regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, iş arkadaşlarının sosyal kaytarmasının bireyin sosyal kaytarması üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. İş arkadaşlarının sosyal kaytarma davranışı ile bireyin kendi sosyal kaytarma davranışı arasındaki ilişkide iş tatmininin kısmi aracılık etkisinin olduğu, örgütsel bağlılığın ise herhangi bir aracılık etkisinin bulunmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

İş yaşamı kalitesinin sosyal kaytarma davranışı üzerindeki etkisi: Hemşireler üzerinde bir araştırma

Bu çalışmada sağlık kurumlarında çalışan hemşirelerin iş yaşamı kalitesinin sosyal kaytarma davranışı üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Kahramanmaraş ilinde Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde çalışan 224 hemşire üzerinde anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada frekans analizi, t testi, ANOVA testi, korelasyon ve regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hemşirelerde iş yaşamı kalitesinin sosyal kaytarma algısını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. İş yaşamı kalitesi alt boyutlarından iş algısı alt boyutunun sosyal kaytarma algısını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır.

Social Loafing on Empoyees: The Influences of Individual Level and Group Level Factors

The success of group is determined by the completion of the tasks assigned to each member. However, not all group members can contribute as they should. Passive and less motivated individuals in completing group tasks refer to social loafing. This study aims to determine influence of individual and group factors on employees’ social loafing. This study conducted a quantitative approach with analyzing data from 30 employees. Our findings show that individual factors (task interdependence, task visibility, distributive justice, and procedural fairness) and group factors (group cohesiveness and perceived coworkers social loafing) do not influence social loafing behavior.

How Students' Big Five personality traits manifest in perceived social loafing behavior.

Social loafing (SL) has a detrimental impact on cooperative learning. SL dysfunctionalities are causing more faculty to avoid assigning group projects as part of their course work. This qualitative case study examines how students' personalities are expressed in social loafers' behavior during university-level group assignments at a Texas university. The case study added further depth and breadth to current literature on SL in cooperative learning by exploring the perpetrator's personality expressions. Ten faculty members were interviewed, 32 students were surveyed, and 10 loafers were identified and self-assessed. A qualitative case study was used to provide in-depth investigation of Big Five personality in SL behavior. The faculty interviews and students' surveys revealed that Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness were not expressed in SL behavior for university-level group assignments assessed by four IPIP facets. Openness to Experience (values, ideas, actions, and fantasy) was not expressed. Faculty and students indicated that loafers were not curious, barely prepared, with very short attention spans after which they get lost. Social loafers showed no originality, no active imagination, and no deep thinking. Conscientiousness (achievement striving, dutifulness, competence, and order) was not expressed. For Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, some facets were expressed, and others were withheld. The results of this study provide faculty with a multifaceted understanding of students' personality traits to better guide their group interaction and cooperative learning.

Pengaruh Self-Esteem terhadap Social-Loafing dengan Academic Honesty sebagai Mediator

This research aims to analyze the relationship of self-esteem with social loafing through academic honesty as a mediator variable. We involved 232 junior high school students in Banda Aceh which selected using cluster random sampling. This study uses a scale of psychological adaptation and questionnaire as instruments. The results showed that self-esteem had a significant association with social loafing with a value of (β = -0.436 and significantly at the level of p < 0.05). Academic honesty also has a significant relationship with social loafing with values (β = -0.264 and significantly at the level of p < 0.05). Self-esteem is significantly related to academic honesty with values (β = 0.992 and significantly at the level of p < 0.05). Research indicates that academic honesty is a mediator in the relationship between self-esteem and social loafing. Students with high self-esteem tend to have high academic honesty. This is expected to reduce social loafing behavior in students.

Ethical leadership, trust in organization and their impacts on critical hotel employee outcomes

Drawing on social exchange, social learning, and reformulation of attitude theories, our paper proposes a research model and empirically tests the interrelationships of ethical leadership, trust in organization, absenteeism, social loafing behavior, and service recovery performance. Data collected from hotel customer-contact employees two weeks apart and their direct supervisors in Nigeria were utilized to test the aforesaid linkages via structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that ethical leadership fosters employees’ trust in organization and service recovery performance, while it mitigates their absenteeism. In addition, trust in organization triggers service recovery performance, while it is a panacea to absenteeism and social loafing behavior. The abovementioned findings implicitly suggest that trust in organization mediates the influence of ethical leadership on absenteeism, social loafing behavior, and service recovery performance. The findings emphasize the need for ethical leadership, which fosters trust in organization and service recovery performance and alleviates absenteeism.

The Impact of Job Insecurity and Distributive Injustice Post COVID-19 on Social Loafing Behavior among Hotel Workers: Mediating Role of Turnover Intention.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severe psychological and psychosocial impacts on hotel workers. This study examines the causal direct impact of both job insecurity and distributive injustice, which were common in hotels post COVID-19, on social loafing behavior among hotel workers, and the indirect impact through turnover intention. Data were collected from 850 hotels workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Using results obtained through structural equation modeling (SEM), the spread of both job insecurity and distributive injustice positively and significantly influences turnover intention among hotel workers post the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also found that turnover intention fully mediates the influence of both distributive injustices on social loafing behavior. On the other side, it partially mediates job insecurity on social loafing behavior among hotel workers. Implications for scholars and practitioners as well as limitations of current research are discussed.

Hubungan Self Efficacy Academic Dengan Social Loafing Pada Kelompok Belajar Mahasiswa

Group learning methods during online learning are still applied with the aim of making it easier to do the tasks given. However, there are negative effects that arise from completing tasks in groups, one of which is the tendency of group members' behavior to reduce effort or also known as social loafing behavior. One way to minimize social loafing behavior is to increase academic self-efficacy in each individual. This study aims to determine the relationship between academic self-efficacy and social loafing in student study groups.The population in this study were students of the Islamic Study Program of UIN Raden Intan Lampung batch 2019 which consisted of five classes with a total of 154 students. The researcher used a quantitative research method with a sampling technique in the form of cluster random sampling and obtained a sample of 62 students from the population of class D and E. The data collection technique used the academic self-efficacy scale (α= 0.900) and the social loafing scale (α= 0.859). The data analysis technique used in this study is a correlation analysis technique with the help of the JASP 0.14.1.0 program. The results showed the value of r = -0.693 with a significance of p 0.001, which means that there is a negative and significant relationship between academic self-efficacy and social loafing. The results also show that academic self-efficacy contributes 48% effectively to social loafing.Keywords: Social loafing, Academic Self efficacy, Students

Algılanan Aşırı Nitelikliliğin Çalışanların KariyerizmEğilimleri ve Sosyal Kaytarma Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi (The Effect of Perceived Overqualification on Employees Careerism Orientationand Social Loafing Behaviors)

Purpose – The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived overqualification on the careerism orientation of the employees and their social loafing behaviors based on the theories of Person-Job Fit and Person-Group Fit. Although there are numerous studies that examine the relationships between perceived overqualification and many attitudes and behaviors in the related literature, the fact that there is no study examining the relationships between perceived overqualification and careerism orientation and social loafing behaviors constitutes the original side of this research. In addition, even though there are many studies related to overqualification in the international literature, quantitative studies determining the consequences of this perception are insufficient in Turkey. Design\methodology\approach - The sample of the study consists of 484 service sector employees in Istanbul, which were reached in December 2017 and January 2018 by using convenient sampling method. The survey technique was used as a data collection tool and the questionnaire was applied to the same people in two different time periods. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS software using exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis. Findings – Findings show that perceived overqualification (both in general and the dimension of job misprision) has a statistically significant and positive effect on careerism orientation, while only the job misprision dimension of perceived overqualification has a statistically significant and positive effect on social loafing behaviors. Discussion – Based on the findings of the study, it can be said that employees with overqualification perception can see their extra potential (qualifications) as an effective tool in dealing with their career despair and may have a careerist tendency. In addition, it can be argued that employees who perceived overqualification may see their current job as simple (small) due to their overqualifications and create a gap in their jobs and fill this gap by exhibiting social loafing behaviors.

Exploring antecedents of social loafing in students’ group work: A mixed-methods approach

The purpose of this article is to explore and validate antecedents of social loafing behavior among undergraduate students. A mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) study was conducted. In the first phase, the free-listing method was used to collect data from undergraduate students at a hospitality and tourism school in China, yielding 211 valid responses from 250 students with 409 items. Six factors were identified using the content analysis of those 409 items, including shared responsibility, apathy, time limitation, competency, fairness, and group conflict. In the second phase, 303 responses were collected for exploratory factor analysis. Results revealed a good consistency of factors between the qualitative study and the quantitative study. The hierarchical regressions analysis tested the effects of the factors on social loafing behavior. Study results show that students’ competencies, emotional relationships, and collective identities are key determinants of social loafing behavior. Specific theoretical and practical implications are provided.

SOSYAL KAYTARMA DAVRANIŞI İLE İŞE YABANCILAŞMA ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BİR VAKA İNCELEMESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Social loafing behavior refers to the situation in organizations where organizations collectively produce products or services, hiding from the duties and responsibilities of employees and hiding within the group. Social loafing behavior exhibited by employees may have negative consequences for organizations. The phenomenon of work alienation is also a negative situation experienced by employees due to many different reasons. As in social loafing behavior, work alienation behavior can have negative consequences for organizations. In this study, the relationship between work alienation and social loafing behaviors of the employees of an institutional enterprise in Ankara was investigated. In the study, the sub-dimensions of the variables as a result of factor analysis emerged. The relationship between the variables and the sub-dimensions of the variables formed as a result of the analysis were investigated. The data were collected by using survey method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 package program. First of all, descriptive statistics, frequency and normality were obtained and correlation and regression analyzes were performed. Then, t-Test and One-Way Variance (ANOVA) were performed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there was a positive and significant relationship between work alienation and social loafing behavior. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that work alienation had a positive and significant effect on the social loafing. In addition, it was found that there was no significant difference in terms of social loafing in terms of age, working time and gender arising from the demographic characteristics of the participants.

Diffusion of responsibility in group work: Social loafing

Determining the effect of social loafing behaviors on the performance of individual and group members in the context of group work is considered important. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of social loafing and cyberloafing behaviors on group work. The effect of social loafing and cyberloafing on group studies was examined on the basis of a structural equation model. For this purpose, the study was designed using a causal research design. Using criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods, 846 undergraduate students studying at a state university participated in the study. The data of the study were collected using social loafing, cyberloafing, self-evaluation and group evaluation measurement tools. The data of the study were analyzed using t test, correlation analysis, simple linear regression, multiple regression and path analysis. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was seen that individual social loafing, cyberloafing and self-evaluations differed according to gender. In addition, when social loafing, cyberloafing, self-evaluation and group evaluation were analyzed according to group formation, there were statistically significant differences in favor of the student-created groups. Group size was found to be positively correlated with social loafing behaviors, but no significant relationship was found with task visibility. The structural equation model created within the scope of the study was tested with path analysis and it was concluded that individual loafing behaviors had an effect on self-assessment, and that group social loafing behaviors had an effect on group evaluations. Group size and group formation can be taken into consideration in order to make effective and productive group studies in higher education. These results may guide future studies on addressing the factors associated with social loafing in the context of group work, which has an important place in the learning-teaching process.