Social Life Research Articles

The olfactory diary: Tracking awareness and consciousness of the sense of smell throughout the day.

The aim of the present study was to follow the daily course of patients with olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls and to assess (i) how many times a day, (ii) at which time, and (iii) in which aspect of daily life participants are conscious about their sense of smell. In this longitudinal study, 49 patients with smell loss and 30 healthy participants were enrolled. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks. All participants received paper diaries designed for a 14-day period, featuring 12 rows representing 12 daily hours and six columns for various daily life aspects. They were instructed to mark their awareness of smell by indicating the relevant row and column in the diary. Following the return of the diaries, a second olfactory test was conducted within the patient group. On average, patients were consciously aware of their sense of smell around 8 times daily, while healthy participants noted it about 6.5 times a day. Both groups primarily focused on their sense of smell during activities related to "eating," followed by considerations in "social life" and "personal hygiene." Interestingly, distinct patterns emerged: patients peaked in awareness at 8 a.m. and 7 p.m., whereas healthy individuals showed peaks at 6 a.m., 12 p.m., and 7 p.m. Despite regular diary use, we observed no improvement in patients' olfactory function or related quality of life. The olfactory diary is a valuable tool unveiling individual smell awareness patterns in patients with smell loss, aiding in counseling and patient management. 4.

Examining How Religion is Addressed During Preoperative Stoma Counseling

IntroductionAn intestinal stoma creation is one of the most common surgical procedures. Despite benefits, a stoma can have serious effects on a patient's quality of life. Multiple dimensions of everyday life can be affected such as social life, body image, as well as ability to participate in some religious practices, with some faith groups being disproportionately affected. This study sought to understand the extent to which faith is addressed during these sessions given the integral role it plays for some patients. MethodsA survey was developed based on literature review and expert consultation. This was distributed to ostomy certified nursing staff, inflammatory bowel disease gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons caring for patients requiring a permanent stoma at a high-volume academic institution. Follow-up semistructured interviews were conducted to delve deeper into themes identified in the surveys. ResultsThe overall survey response rate was 57%. Only 35% reported training on how stomas interface with religious practices. Religious services were either rarely or never present during preoperative counseling discussions. During interviews, it was noted that religious beliefs often impact after care but are not always discussed during preoperative sessions. Interviewees found these conversations to be difficult with minimal support or direction on how to navigate them. ConclusionsAlthough very important, health-care providers are not including faith-based issues surrounding stomas in perioperative counseling partly due to lack of training or awareness of existing support systems. As our population diversifies, understanding cultural and religious practices that influence care is increasingly important.

중학생의 사회적 지지와 삶의 만족도의 구조적 관계

Objectives This study reveals, from a middle school student perspective, the social support from parents, teach-ers, and friends, as well as the structural relationship of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Moreover, it explores the direct and indirect effects of social support on life satisfaction, focusing on the mediating effect of self-esteem. Methods For this purpose, the structural equation model was applied to Wave 4 of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018(KCYPS 2018) data set(7th grade, N = 2,275), conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Results The results are as follows: First, teacher support perceived by middle school students had a direct and significant effect on life satisfaction. Second, friend support perceived by middle school students did not sig-nificantly affect life satisfaction through the mediating effect of self-esteem, indicating a complete mediation ef-fect of self-esteem on life satisfaction. Third, parents support perceived by middle school students did not sig-nificantly affect life satisfaction, suggesting that middle school students may be more influenced by relationships with teachers and friends than by their relationships with parents. Conclusions This study confirms the significant impact of teacher support on life satisfaction and the significant influence of friend support on self-esteem among middle school students. It is significant in confirming the struc-tural relationship between social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction among middle school students and verifying the mediating effect of self-esteem between social support and life satisfaction.

A healthy habitual score for dietary intake is associated with primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent school girls

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological complaints among adolescent and young females in their reproductive age that affects their daily activities and social life. Nutritional habits are considered as risk factor for primary dysmenorrhea. ‘Thus the aim of our study was to assess the relation between healthy habits score for dietary intake and prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: The present study was conducted on 432 adolescent school girls (218 girls with nil to mild dysmenorrhea and 214 girls with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea). Healthy habitual scores (HHS) was calculated from 5 modifiable dietary intake habits considering high risk habit as ‘0’ and low risk habit as ‘1’ giving a composite score ranging from 0 to 5. We classified the healthy life style score into three category: 0-2 as low; 3 as medium and 4-5 as high. Correlation between HHS and its components with incident of primary dysmenorrhea were evaluated. HHS and risk of primary dysmenorrhea were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The significance level of the all the tests were considered at a level of 0.05. Results: Significant correlation was obtained between incident of primary dysmenorrhea and all tested habits. Magnitude of correlation was higher for HHS than individual habit. Among tested habitual factors sugar intake, skipping breakfast and frequency of junk food intake was positively correlated where as negative correlation was obtained between primary dysmenorrhea and dietary intake of vit-E and calcium. Considering low HHS as reference group odd ratio significantly low in medium and high HHS groups. Thus risk of primary dysmenorrhea was more among adolescent girls those led unhealthy dietary habits like take more sugar, frequently take junk foods and skipping breakfast and take vit-E and calcium below recommended amount. Conclusion: Avoiding of Junk food, skipping breakfast and intaking of vit-E and calcium as per recommended amount and restricting sugar intake is recommended as a healthy dietary habit to minimize the risk of primary dysmenorrhea.

Conceptual study of vatakantaka

Pain is that one feature which can interfere with daily activities such as working, having a social life, taking care of oneself and others. Several problems can cause pain to develop in the back of the heel.Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. Plantar fasciitis is estimated to affect 1 in 10 people at some point during their lifetime and most commonly affects people between 40 and 60 years of age.Vatakantaka is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms vata and kantaka which means a particular pain in the ankle.Walking in irregular or uneven ground, the structural deformity of foot or excessive strain on foot lead to provocation of vata and brings about severe pain in ankle joint which is referred to as Vatakantaka.Through this article an attempt is made to understand the nidana, samprapti, purvarupa, lakshana of vatakantaka which contributes in its manifestation.Snehana, swedana, virechana, raktamokshana, agnikarma are line of treatment explained in ayurveda.

Relations Between Social Camouflaging, Life Satisfaction, and Depression Among Polish Women with ADHD.

This study investigated the relationship between social camouflaging, life satisfaction, and depression symptoms in Polish women with ADHD. It aimed to fill a research gap in understanding ADHD manifestations in women, particularly focusing on social camouflaging-a concept known in autism, referring to strategies used to mask symptoms in social interactions. A total of 329 women with ADHD took part in an online survey. The survey measured ADHD symptoms using the ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS-vI.I), life satisfaction with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Additionally, a novel set of questions, inspired by the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) but tailored for ADHD, was utilized to assess social camouflaging. Results indicated a significant negative association between social camouflaging and life satisfaction and a positive correlation with depressive symptoms, even after controlling for demographic variables. Additionally, factors like being in a relationship and having a positive subjective financial situation correlated with higher well-being. Reliance on self-report measures, the cross-sectional design, and participants' self-reported ADHD diagnosis are the main limitations of the study. The research underscores the importance of social camouflaging in understanding ADHD in women, suggesting that efforts to mask symptoms and meet societal expectations may link to lower life satisfaction and increased depressive symptoms. These findings advocate for continued research into these dynamics to develop more effective support for women with ADHD.

Sustainable Fish Feed: A Comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis

The concept of sustainability is used as an interpretation in terms of three dimensions - environmental, economic, and social dimensional balance. Several methodologies and tools have been developed to enable sustainability assessment in different sectors and different scales. To assess sustainability, it is necessary to clearly define the system and its elements and to select the appropriate indicators. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, but combining several methods can help overcome a weakness. The aquaculture sector continues to grow all over the world and therefore, to reduce the impact of the sector, it is necessary to evaluate reasonable alternatives. The aim of the study is to evaluate several fish feed compositions according to environmental parameters using life cycle analysis (LCA), for economic parameters using life cycle costs (LCC), for social parameters using social life cycle analysis (S-LCA), as well as comparing technical parameters. The result is an evaluation of fish feed considering several dimensions, to benefit the fish from this feed, as well as to reduce the impact on the environment from the production of feed.

Confucian principles, Reason and Conscience: Three “Imitating the Heaven” Judicial Paths of Ancient Confucian Judge

When Confucian officials hearing case in ancient China, they should not only consider the written provisions of the law, but also consider the higher norms outside the law, the Confucian principles, Reason and Conscience are the main manifestations of these norms. The Confucian classics are the words of the sages, which are considered the truth of the Heven. Judicial decision according to the “Confucian Principles” means trying cases according to the way of heaven. “Reason” is the fusion of “human feelings” and “heavenly principles”, and “human feelings” are the embodiment of “heavenly principles” in social life. The Original Heart” or Conscience is the manifestation of the “heavenly principle” in the hearts of the people, and the judge hears the lawsuit according to the “Original Heart”, which is to follow the “heavenly principle” to judge the cases. All these are the “Imitating the Heaven” ways in judicial field, which has made up for the shortcomings of the written law to a considerable extent. This has also corrected the possible injustice of the written law, reflecting the Confucian officials’ pursuit of “natural law” and judicial “justice”.

Socioeconomic inequalities in pandemic-induced psychosocial stress in different life domains among the working-age population

BackgroundPsychosocial stress is considered a risk factor for physical and mental ill-health. Evidence on socioeconomic inequalities with regard to the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany is still limited. We aimed to investigate how pandemic-induced psychosocial stress (PIPS) in different life domains differed between socioeconomic groups.MethodsData came from the German Corona-Monitoring nationwide study – wave 2 (RKI-SOEP-2, November 2021–February 2022). PIPS was assessed using 4-point Likert scales with reference to the following life domains: family, partnership, own financial situation, psychological well-being, leisure activity, social life and work/school situation. Responses were dichotomised into “not stressed/slightly stressed/rather stressed” (0) versus “highly stressed” (1). The sample was restricted to the working-age population in Germany (age = 18–67 years, n = 8,402). Prevalence estimates of high PIPS were calculated by sex, age, education and income. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated using Poisson regression to investigate the association between education/income and PIPS; high education and income were the reference groups.ResultsThe highest stress levels were reported in the domains social life and leisure activity. Women and younger participants reported high stress levels more frequently. The highest inequalities were found regarding people’s own financial situation, and PIPS was higher in low vs. high income groups (PR 5.54, 95% CI 3.61–8.52). Inequalities were also found regarding partnerships with higher PIPS in low vs. high education groups (PR 1.68, 95% CI 1.13–2.49) – and psychological well-being with higher PIPS in low vs. high income groups (PR 1.52, 95% CI 1.14–2.04).ConclusionSocioeconomic inequalities in PIPS were found for different life domains. Generally, psychosocial support and preventive interventions to help people cope with stress in a pandemic context should be target-group-specific, addressing the particular needs and circumstances of certain socioeconomic groups.

Leading Volunteers Effectively: Development and Preliminary Validation of the Volunteer Leader Behavior Scale

Volunteers are integral to civic and social life, and leadership is integral to keeping volunteers satisfied and committed. However, volunteer leadership research is hindered by the dispersion of leadership theories and the absence of a specialized leader behavior assessment tool. To address this, we developed and validated a four-dimensional scale for evaluating the behaviors of leaders of volunteers. Using confirmatory factor analyses, we confirmed a four-factor, hierarchical model in an Australian emergency volunteer sample. Concurrent validity was confirmed in relation to satisfaction with leadership, overall satisfaction with volunteering experience, and affective organizational commitment. Further details of quantitative studies for scale evaluation are provided. This study provides researchers and practitioners with a valid and reliable instrument to assess different aspects of effective leader behaviors within the volunteering context. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

Isolating Others ——Origins, Mechanisms and Evolution

The behavior of isolating others is the alienation of life self-organization of exclusion mechanism. Isolation in modern society has evolved into a daily political game pattern, and isolation, more generally, is a hidden psychological activity. This deep field of social philosophy has yet to be revealed and reflected so far. At the core of isolation is personality denigration, thus indicating the deep origin of the core concept of contemporary social science, “social exclusion”. The group custom of isolating dissidents suppresses the personality and innovation of free individuals and leads to gangs and closed rigidity of the community. Reflecting on and revealing the anti-modernization nature associated with isolation, while simultaneously indicating the institutional and mechanistic construction of China's modernized harmonious society goal. The division of labor and market exchange in modern society contains ethical implications neglected by popular understandings that emphasize individual competition: the differences formed based on functional differentiation and individual liberation in modern society not only stimulate competition, but also create an inherent need for solidarity among individuals in terms of complementary dependence and mutual attraction. The contemporary society centered on information exchange promotes this direction to a universal dependence mechanism. The modern concept of free personality is not individualism but the internal mechanism of collective social cohesion and innovative life. Exclusive isolation and its closed community no longer have the basis of a modern system.

Kamala Das: A Dweller with Existential Alienation

The present paper makes an attempt to examine whether Kamala Das is a dweller with existential alienation or not. This discourse, , first of all, tries to figure out what ‘alienation’ is, what its types are, and what its cause and effect bring chaos in one’s life. Moreover, how thinkers, categorizing it into various groups, have dealt with it, is also its inevitable part. Secondly, it tries to find out how it (alienation) affects the world literature—chiefly, the Pan-Indian literature—that witnesses its hallmarks on its aura. Thirdly, it endeavours to define ‘existential alienation’ to find and point out its essential characteristics in Indian English literature. To attain its pinnacle, this paper, finally, aims to investigate such traces of existential alienation in Kamala Das’ oeuvres (be it prose or poetry) that have both a butterfly and tornado effect on her social, psychological, and philosophical life. In doing so, all the possible research methods and approaches—discourse analysis, textual analysis, archival methods, academic, creative, and critical writing, descriptive, explorative, and mixed-method research approaches—are used with hungry eyes for a coveted aftermath.

Boko Haram-Induced Forced Migration: Implications for Social and Economic Development in the Lake Chad Basin

In Africa, and notably the Lake Chad Basin (LCB), Boko Haram is a major threat to human security. The region, which spans 427,500 km2 and contains large ungoverned areas, is made up of Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger. Boko Haram has been responsible for several attacks in Northeast Nigeria since 2003 and is also the leading cause of forced migration in the Lake Chad Basin. In northeastern Nigeria and other LCB countries, this insurgency has caused widespread migration and increased the humanitarian crisis, socio-economic, and environmental consequences. This research aims to examine the developmental challenges emerging from Boko Haram-induced forced displacement in the LCB. Empirical evidence suggests that the Lake Chad Basin countries’ governments have failed to contain this group's aggression. However, there are still gaps in the literature regarding how this insurgency has affected social and economic lives of displaced people in the region. The study utilized a case study design, documentary method of data collection, and content analysis as the analytical technique. The study applies the Human Security Theory and Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) as the theoretical framework. Ultimately, the findings of this study revealed that forced migration severs social ties, leading to economic, social, and psychological impacts, including family separation and loss, with families often split up abruptly due to attacks and evacuation. In Addition, negative economic impacts disproportionately affect impoverished individuals, exacerbating chronic poverty and hindering their ability to escape poverty due to price volatility and wage declines. It was recommended that the governments of Lake Chad Basin countries should develop and implement policies that support the economic integration of refugees and displaced individuals, including measures to facilitate access to employment and promoting self-reliance and resilience. They should also foster initiatives that strengthen social ties and networks among displaced populations to facilitate integration into host communities and mitigate the negative impacts of social disconnection.

انی کی آلودگی اور ضیاع: اسباب، اثرات، اور حل کی تلاش سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

Allah Almighty sent the Prophet (PBUH) with the Holy Quran, which guides us on how to solve problems at individual, social, national, and international levels. The Prophet (PBUH) is the epitome of guidance provided in the book of Allah. Therefore, the Ummah has preserved all aspects of the prophetic life in a collection called Fiqh al Sirah, so that we may overcome the hurdles and complications in our lives. Whenever ummah feels any hurdle in the way of social life, they seek guidance from the books written on the matter of Fiqh al Seerah. Water is a fundamental necessity of life that is bestowed upon us by Allah Almighty. The significance of water is not only emphasized in Islamic texts like the Quran, Hadith, and Fiqh but also in various scientific studies. However, in recent times, water pollution has become a major threat to human health and the environment. The contamination of natural water resources by various pollutants has led to severe consequences. To address this issue, it is crucial to understand the causes and impacts of water pollution. Some of the major causes of water pollution include industrial waste, domestic waste, and agricultural practices. To combat this issue, it is essential to adopt sustainable practices that reduce water pollution. This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the causes, impacts, and possible solutions to water pollution. The significance of this article is that it provides a comprehensive solution to the problem of water pollution, based on an in-depth analysis of the Islamic perspective extracted from Qyran, Seerah and Fiqh on environmental conservation.

Peroperative Cooling in Rhinoplasty: Does it Differ?

The main causes of ecchymosis and edema are osteotomy (bone manipulation), dissection of subcutaneous tissue, and skin manipulation in the rhinoplasty procedure. Eyelid edema following surgery can potentially affect visual acuity, particularly during the initial twenty-four hours after the procedure. These may also delay the patient's return to their normal social life therefore hampering their quality of life. Various surgical and medical methods have been reported to address these issues. This study aimed to compare the effects of using cold saline (0-4°C) versus room temperature saline (20-25°C) irrigation throughout the surgery on postoperative edema, ecchymosis, and pain. Fifty patients who underwent open-approach primary rhinoplasty between August 2022 and August 2023 at a tertiary academic center were included. Fifty patients were randomly divided into two groups depending on using cold saline (0-4°C) (group 1) or room temperature saline (20-25°C) (group 2) during surgical site irrigation. Patients were assessed for pain, edema, and bruising using a VAS (Visual Analog Scale) on the second and seventh postoperative days. Visual analog score (VAS) was used for subjective outcome analyses. Each patient scored the severity of their periorbital ecchymosis on day two and seven. Periorbital ecchymosis was also evaluated on the second and seventh postoperative days using the SPREE (Surgeon Periorbital Rating of Edema and Ecchymosis) scale. On the second postoperative day, the VAS pain score in group 1, where cold water was used, was found to be statistically and significantly different from the control group (group 2) (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups when comparing the VAS pain scores on the seventh postoperative day. Regarding the VAS ecchymosis score on the seventh postoperative day, there was a statistically significant difference favoring group 1 (p < 0.05). The SPREE scale data also indicated that group 1 had significantly lower scores on the seventh day (p < 0.05). While the SPREE scores on the second day were lower in group 1 than in group 2, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.061). The findings from our study show that cold saline irrigation may contribute to intraoperative hemostasis by inducing local vasoconstriction. We observed that intraoperative bleeding decreased with the use of cold saline. This approach has the potential to improve patient satisfaction and overall quality of life by reducing postoperative ecchymosis without significantly increasing the cost of the surgical procedure.Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Considering occupational performance during recovery of distal radius fracture: A scoping review.

Distal radius fracture (DRF) is one of the most common upper extremity fractures treated by hand therapists and can lead to chronic physical impairment and reduced occupational performance. This scoping review aimed to reveal what is currently known about occupational performance following DRF and to explore if and how occupational performance is defined and considered in the research. This review was guided by the PRISMA-Scoping review and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Relevant databases were searched, and studies that addressed occupation performance in adult participants following DRF were included. The findings were summarised according to the components of occupational performance (person, occupation, and environment), and quality was measured using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Forty-three articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. All of the studies discussed at least two components of occupational performance, while 25 recognised all three. The consideration of occupational performance was dominated by biomechanical issues associated with the person component (i.e. range of motion, strength). There was some acknowledgement of the psychosocial aspects of the person and, to a lesser extent, the environment, as well as the impact of both on return to occupational performance. Despite occupational performance being at the core of occupational therapy theory, its consideration within the context of research on DRF appears to be focussed on the person component of occupational performance and on biomechanical issues. Further research is recommended to determine how much this reflects current clinical practice and if a more comprehensive consideration of occupational performance will improve rates of recovery following DRF. As part of the protocol development for this review, consumers and stakeholders were consulted. They provided feedback on clarity and importance of the research questions. A distal radius fracture happens when you break the bone on the thumb side of your wrist. This type of injury often occurs when you fall and land on an outstretched hand. It is one of the more common injuries that hand therapists see in their practice. For some people, recovering from this fracture can take a long time and come with a lot of pain, difficulty moving, and emotional stress. These problems can make it hard to do everyday things like driving, cooking, or getting dressed. It can also affect both paid and unpaid work as well as leisure and social activities, making life more difficult for everyone involved. The findings from this review suggest that the current research usually focuses on how the body physically heals from this type of injury, but it does not pay as much attention to the emotional and social impact on healing. Also, it does not always discuss the activities that are important to the person, or the environment where they live, work, and socialise. This may show a gap in the research regarding our full comprehension of recovery from distal radius fractures. Taking a broader view and approach to recovery, considering a person's emotions, social life, environment, and daily activities, could help people recover fully and get back to their previous life routines and roles after this type of injury.

Differentiated approach to the choice of therapy for stress urinary incontinence in women with pelvic floor dysfunction

BACKGROUND: Among the symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction, urinary incontinence is common in young patients. Stress urinary incontinence disrupts psychological health, sexual and social life. The effectiveness of modern conservative treatments for mild stress urinary incontinence in women of reproductive and perimenopausal age is being studied to prevent disease progression and improve the quality of life. AIM: The aim of this study was a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training using the Tyulpan laser vaginal simulator and paraurethral injections of a high-density hyaluronic biopolymer for the correction of stress urinary incontinence in women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with pelvic floor dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 82 patients aged 43.35 ± 6.25 years with mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence combined with grade I to II genital prolapse. After general clinical and special studies, including voiding diaries, Urgency Bother Visual Analogue Scale, cough test, ultrasound of the urethrovesical junction and pelvic floor, 41 women were prescribed a course of remote pelvic floor muscle training under medical supervision using the Tyulpan laser vaginal simulator (group I). 41 patients underwent paraurethral injection of 4.0 ml of high-density hyaluronic biopolymer crosslinked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (group II). The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated one, six and 12 months after the start of treatment. RESULTS: After one month, the absence of stress urinary incontinence episodes based on voiding diaries was found in 29.4% of patients in group I and in 85.4% of patients in group II (2.9 times more often) (p 0.001); after 12 months, in 73.1% of patients in group I and in 36.4% of patients in group II (half as often) (p = 0.011). After one month, a negative cough test was detected in 65.0% of women in group I and in 92.1% of women in group II (1.4 times more often) (p = 0.023). After six months, the results of treatment for stress urinary incontinence based on the cough test were not different and amounted to 80.0% in group I and 71.9% in group II (p = 0.725). When assessing the pelvic floor muscle strength using the Oxford Scale and perineometry, an increase in strength after one and six months was detected in 100% of patients in group I (p 0.001). Both techniques equally reduced urethral mobility as measured by ultrasound over the one-month follow-up. Pelvic floor muscle training more significantly improved the quality of life of women 12 months after the start of therapy (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of high-density hyaluronic biopolymer leads to a rapid and pronounced positive result in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and an improvement in the quality of life in the short term; it is recommended for patients interested in quickly achieving results, informed about the limited duration of the effect. Regular training of the pelvic floor muscles in biofeedback mode under the remote control of a doctor contributes to better results in the long term. This method is recommended for women who are able to contract the pelvic floor muscles and are ready for regular exercise.

2023 Undetectable = Untransmittable global policy roundtable report: a multistakeholder perspective on Undetectable = Untransmittable research and policy priorities.

Background Launched in 2016 by Prevention Access Campaign, the 'Undetectable=Untransmittable' (U=U) campaign empowers people living with HIV to live full social, sexual and reproductive lives, dismantle stigma, promote increased treatment access, and advocate for updated HIV guidelines. Methods Key priorities for promoting improvements to community-centred, evidence-informed U=U policy and research were the focus of a half-day global roundtable held in 2023 alongside the 12th International AIDS Society Conference in Brisbane, Australia. After a series of presentations, experts in U=U research, policymaking, advocacy and HIV clinical care participated in facilitated discussions, and detailed notes were taken on issues related to advancing U=U policy and research. Results Expert participants shared that knowledge and trust in U=U remains uneven, and is largely concentrated among people living with HIV, particularly those connected to gay and bisexual networks. It was agreed that there is a need to ensure all members of priority populations are explicitly included in U=U policies that promote U=U. Participants also identified a need for policymakers, healthcare professionals, advocates and researchers to work closely with community-based organisations to ensure the U=U message is relevant, useful, and utilised in the HIV response. Adopting language, such as 'zero risk', was identified as crucial when describing undetectable viral load as an effective HIV prevention strategy. Conclusion U=U can have significant benefits for the mental and physical wellbeing of people living with HIV. There is an urgent need to address the structural barriers to HIV care and treatment access to ensure the full benefits of U=U are realised.

QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS, WHO UNDERWENT INGUINAL HERNIOPLASTY

Abstract Background 20 million people with inguinal hernias are operated annually throughout the world. Severe chronic pain after hernia repair effects social life, daily activity and overall quality of life (QL). In medicine, QL is assessed by the level of well-being and satisfaction with those aspects of life that are affected by the disease and its treatment. The Short Form-36 is (SF-36) a validated indicator of overall health status. Method this study was to evaluate QL by SF-36 questionnaire in patients, who underwent inguinal hernioplasty (open surgery – Lichtenstein tension-free mesh inguinal hernia repair or laparoscopic surgery – transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP)). Results: State the main findings, including important numerical values. Results The majority had unilateral hernias 89.0% and the most common surgical technique was Lichtenstein’s repair (82.4%). The postoperative QL was significantly better after surgery. Comparing two groups of patients after surgery, only the pain domain of the questionnaire was worse in patients operated by Lichtenstein repair: 46.5%/39.8% experienced mild pain, 38.6%/42.0% experience moderate pain and only 14.9%/18.2% experienced severe pain. Conclusion Results showed that 213 (86.9%) patients felt that their QL was satisfactory after the hernia repair, with most of them being from the age group of 19–39 years (93.2%).

Antidepressant Effect of Vincamine, Melatonin and their Combination in Experimental Rat Models of Depression

Background: Depression, a form of mood illness, is characterized by a lack of or diminished social life, melancholy, and symptoms linked to an uplifted or depressed mood. Vincamine and Melatonin combination may prove beneficial for treating depression because vincamine and melatonin have already been reported in the treatment of dementia. Dementia is a CNS disorder which is connected to the level of neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft, which is similar to depression that is why it might be effective in the treatment of depression. Aim: The aim of this research is to conduct an experimental study on the antidepressant activity of Vincamine alone and along with Melatonin and comparison with standard antidepressant drugs. Method: In this study, all animals are trained for the experiment, and then animals are divided into groups according to the treatment protocol. Animals were placed for the rest for 1 week. Vincamine and melatonin were administered to the treated groups on days 8 and 21 for the behavioral analysis using different kinds of models like elevated plus maze, forced swim test, open field test and sucrose preference test. Animals were sacrificed at day 22 for the estimation of biochemical (SOD) and neurotransmitters (Serotonin, Norepinephrine and Dopamine). Results: After extensive investigation, it has been established that Vincamine, alone and in combination with Melatonin, is beneficial in treating depression. Positive results are obtained. The group treated with Vincamine taken per oral route ((10 mg/kg), Melatonin (10 mg/kg), Vincamine + Melatonin (10 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg) and std (10 mg/kg) treatment showed significant result which are followed as for all groups (a) p &lt; 0.0001 vs NC; (b) p &lt; 0.0001 vs disease control; (c) p &lt; 0.05 vs Std (10 mg/kg); (d) p &lt; 0.001V vs M (10 mg/kg); (e) p &lt; 0.0090 vs V+M (10 mg/kg+10 mg/kg). It was demonstrated by a number of behavioral (elevated plus maze, forced swim test, open field test, and sucrose preference test) and biochemical parameters (estimation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine). Vincamine alone and in combination with Melatonin demonstrated positive results (p &lt; 0.0001) in the evaluation of the SOD antioxidant defence system. Also, it significantly attenuated the alteration in locomotor activity, oxidative stress and neurotransmitters in rat brain. result: After extensive investigation, it has been established that Vincamine, alone and in combination with Melatonin, is beneficial in treating depression. Positive results are obtained. The group treated with Vincamine taken per oral route ((10mg/kg), Melatonin (10mg/kg), Vincamine + Melatonin (10mg/kg + 10mg/kg) and std (10mg/kg) treatment showed significant result which are followed as for all groups (a) p &amp;amp;lt; 0.0001 vs NC; (b) p &lt; 0.0001 vs disease control; (c) p &lt; 0.05 vs Std (10 mg/kg); (d) p &lt; 0.001V vs M (10 mg/kg); (e) p &lt; 0.0090 vs V+M (10mg/kg+10mg/kg). It was demonstrated by a number of behavioral (elevated plus maze, forced swim test, open field test, and sucrose preference test) and biochemical parameters (estimation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine). Vincamine alone and in combination with Melatonin demonstrated positive results (p&lt;0.0001) in the evaluation of the SOD antioxidant defence system. Also, significantly attenuated the alteration in locomotor activity, oxidative stress and neurotransmitters in rat brain. Conclusion: It has been concluded that vincamine alone and along with melatonin is effective for the treatment of depression on the basis of behavioural and biochemical parameters. That’s why it might be useful for the future prospect.