Social Integration Scores Research Articles

Physical and psychosocial outcomes among burn-injured people with heterotopic ossification: A burn model system study

IntroductionHeterotopic ossification (HO), or ectopic bone formation in soft tissue, is a not so rare and poorly understood debilitating sequela of burn injury. Individuals developing HO following burn injuries to their hands often experience reductions in mobility, significant contractures, and joint pain. This study identifies demographic characteristics of individuals who develop HO and compares their physical and psychosocial outcomes to the general burn population. MethodsParticipant demographics, injury characteristics, and PROMIS-29 scores across three time points (discharge, six- and 12- months after injury) were extracted from the Burn Model System National Longitudinal Database representing participants from 2015–2022. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to compare PROMIS scores across all three longitudinal measurements. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, HO status, and burn size. ResultsOf the 861 participants with data concerning HO, 33 were diagnosed with HO (3.8% of participants). Most participants with HO were male (n = 24, 73%) and had an average age of 40 + /− 13 years. Participants with HO had significantly larger burn size (49 +/−23% Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)) than those without HO (16 +/−17%). Participants with HO reported significantly worse physical function, depression, pain interference and social integration scores than those without HO. After adjusting for covariables, participants with HO continued to report statistically significantly worse physical function than those without HO. Although physical functioning was consistently lower, the two populations did not differ significantly among psychosocial outcome measures. ConclusionsWhile HO can result in physical limitations, the translation to psychosocial impairments was not evident. Targeted treatment of HO with the goal of maximizing physical function should be a focus of their rehabilitation. Level of Evidence2b Type of StudySymptom Prevalence Study

Association of social integration with cognitive function trajectories among Chinese older adults: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS).

The prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults remains high. It has been proven that social integration is related to cognitive function. However, limited research has examined the association of social integration and its different dimensions with cognitive function trajectories of older adults. The data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) spanning 2013 (T1) to 2018 (T3). A total of 3,977 older adults were included in the final analysis. Cognitive function was measured with items from an adapted Chinese version of the Mini-Mini-Mental Mental State Examination (MMSE), while the measurement of social integration included three dimensions: economic integration, relational integration and community integration. A group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was used to identify cognitive trajectory groups among participants and an unordered multinomial logistic regression was employed to explore the association of baseline social integration and its three dimensions with cognitive function trajectories. Three cognitive function trajectory groups were identified: low-decline group (24.1%), medium-decline group (44.2%) and high-stable group (31.7%). Comparing to the medium-decline trajectory group, older adults with higher social integration scores were more likely to be in the high-stable trajectory group (OR = 1.087, 95%CI: 1.007 ~ 1.174), while less likely to be in the low-decline group (OR = 0.806, 95%CI: 0.736 ~ 0.882). Among the different dimensions of social integration, older adults with higher community integration scores were more likely to be in the high-stable trajectory group (OR = 1.222, 95%CI: 1.026 ~ 1.456); Older adults with higher relational integration scores were less likely to be in the low-decline trajectory group (OR = 0.816, 95%CI: 0.734 ~ 0.906). The economic integration was not found to correlate with the cognitive function trajectories. Stratified analyses revealed that the association between community integration and cognitive trajectories was only significant among older adults aged 60 to 69, and the association between relational integration and cognitive trajectories was only significant among older adults who was agricultural household registration. The developmental trajectories of cognitive function among Chinese older adults are heterogeneous. Social integration is significantly related to the trajectories of cognitive function in Chinese older adults. Measures should be taken to promote social integration of Chinese older adults to reduce the decline of cognitive function.

T3 Sexual Satisfaction and Association with Psychosocial Outcomes Among Burn Survivors

Abstract Introduction Sexual satisfaction is often unaddressed in clinical care despite it being an important aspect of healing and quality of life for burn survivors. Previous literature has focused predominantly on physical function rather than perceived satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the associations of sexual satisfaction with psychosocial outcomes and assess sexual satisfaction recovery over time after burn injury. Methods Patients consenting to provide data to the Burn Model System (BMS) National Database injured after 2015, aged greater than 18 years at the time of burn injury, and alive at discharge were included in the analysis. Sexual satisfaction was collected at six months and then every year for five years post-injury using two PROMIS sexual satisfaction items, a composite T-score was derived, where a higher score indicated higher sexual satisfaction. Analyses included sexual satisfaction scores as outcomes with mixed models that included repeated measures controlling for correlated error of the outcomes and covariates that included demographics. Psychosocial measures analyzed included: PROMIS-29 Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue and Sleep scores; VR-12 mental component score (MCS) and physical component score (PCS); and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) total score. Results The analysis identified 561 individuals with sexual satisfaction data for at least one time point. The population demographics included a median age of 46 years (IQR 34, 59), reported sex (female = 171 (30.5%)), and median TBSA burned 10% (IQR 3, 26). Increasing age (p < 0.0001) and marital status with those ‘Divorced’ (p=0.004) or ‘Single’ (p=0.0003) were associated with lower sexual satisfaction. There was no association with TBSA burn size. Within psychosocial metrics, we found that the CIQ Social Integration score (p < 0.0001), VR-12 MCS (p=0.008), PTGI Total Score (p=0.01), and PROMIS 29 Sleep Disturbance score (p=0.0004) were also significantly associated. Change in scores were associated with the VR-12 MSC (p=0.03), where an increased MCS score predicted improved sexual satisfaction by final follow-up. Conclusions A significant association was found between sexual satisfaction and social integration, mental health, and post-traumatic growth. Applicability of Research to Practice These findings suggest that interventions to improve the sexual satisfaction of burn survivors should focus on the importance of social integration, mental health, and sleep quality.

Perceived partial social integration, levels of distress and resilience, and COVID-19 vaccine rejection of Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel.

The present study examines the role of perceived partial social integration (PPSI) in determining the rejection of the COVID-19 vaccine of Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel. The research hypotheses are examined using a relatively large sample of the Israeli public, including 208 Arab and 600 Jewish adults, who have responded to an anonymous questionnaire pertaining, among other issues, to partial social integration and the individual level of vaccine uptake. Higher levels of PPSI were found to be associated with higher levels of vaccine rejection, in both Jewish and Arab samples. The Arab minority group regards themselves as less socially integrated into the Israeli society and therefore rejects the COVID-19 vaccine to a greater extent than the majority group. The Arab respondents expressed a higher level of psychological distress and a lower level of resilience compared with the Jewish participants. The perceived partial social integration score significantly predicted the levels of distress and resilience of the Jewish but not the Arab sample. The study indicates that increasing the vaccination rates depends more substantially on trust in the authorities than on leveraging greater pressure on individuals that reject the vaccine. Increased trust in the authorities and regarding oneself as an integral component of society are two vital conditions for vaccine acquiescence. Insufficient social integration is a major reason for vaccine rejection.

The social integration experiences of international doctoral students at Russian universities

Social integration (SI) plays a critical role in doctoral students’ success. However, SI experiences could differ depending on the characteristics of students and their programmes. The study investigates differences in the SI of doctoral students at Russian universities and identifies the main groups at risk who have more difficulties with SI. To achieve this, the study utilized data from a cross-institutional online survey of doctoral students conducted in 2021 on behalf of the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education. A total of 4,454 doctoral students from 249 universities responded to the survey. Findings from the study indicate international students were less socially integrated in terms of having more friends and having problems interacting with others, either in person or remotely. Generally, no clear and significant difference was observed between their experiences and all aspects of social integration analysed in the study. Secondly, international doctoral students (IDS) are divided into groups (groups with low SI scores and groups with high SI scores) and compared them in terms of their subjective assessment of their chances for defence during the normative period of their studies and their overall satisfaction with the doctoral programme. The results for both variables revealed significant differences between IDS and varying degrees of SI. Significantly, the IDS group with a higher SI score reported high chances of defending their dissertation within the normative period of five years. The study concludes by suggesting that that activities that foster informal communication should be implemented and standardized within all departments in Russian universities to properly absorb all doctoral students into the social and academic cultures of their universities.

Medical Students' Socialization Tactics When Entering a New Clinical Clerkship: A Mixed Methods Study of Proactivity.

PurposeSocialization into clinical clerkships is difficult in part due to ambiguity around students’ new roles and expected behaviors. Being proactive reduces ambiguity and is essential to socialization. Proactive behavior can be taught and goes beyond having a proactive personality. Among students entering new undergraduate clinical clerkships, this study aimed to investigate (1) reported proactive behaviors and their association with social integration and (2) enabling and inhibiting factors for proactive behavior.MethodThis study was conducted at the 5-year MBBS program at Western Sydney University during academic year 2019–2020. Using a convergent mixed methods approach, survey and interview data from third-, fourth-, and fifth-year students were collected. Surveys explored 5 proactive behaviors: feedback seeking, information seeking, task negotiation, positive framing, and relationship building. Interviews elicited descriptions of how students described their proactivity and what influenced students to be proactive when entering a new clerkship. Data were integrated using the following the thread and mixed methods matrix techniques.ResultsStudents exhibited all 5 proactive behaviors. Survey data showed positive framing and task negotiation had the highest and lowest scores, respectively. Only positive framing correlated significantly with social integration scores (r = 0.27; P < .01), but this contrasted to interviews, in which students described how other proactive behaviors also led to social integration. Proactive behavior scores decreased across academic years. Integrated data showed 3 linked antecedents to whether students exhibited proactive behavior: feeling capable of being proactive, individual intention to be proactive, and the immediate environment and system-level factors.ConclusionsStudents who framed the experience positively were more likely to report increased social integration. Initiating task negotiation was challenging for most students. The authors propose a conceptual model for proactivity and social integration to support socialization and learning during clinical transitions for future research and interventional design.

Association of Social Integration with Cognitive Status in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort: Results From the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences Study.

We evaluated overall and race-specific relationships between social integration and cognition in older adults. Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) cohort participants included 1343 Asian, Black, Latino, or non-Latino White Kaiser Permanente Northern California members. We estimated the effect of social integration on verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function derived from the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment (SENAS) Scales. Social integration scores included marital status; volunteer activity; and contact with children, relatives, friends, and confidants. We estimated covariate-adjusted linear mixed-effects models for baseline and 17-month follow-up cognition. Social integration was associated with higher baseline cognitive scores (average = 0.066 (95% confidence interval: 0.040, 0.092)) overall and in each racial/ethnic group. The association did not vary by race/ethnicity. Social integration was not associated with the estimated rate of cognitive change. In this cohort, more social integration was similarly associated with better late-life cognition across racial/ethnic groups.

Social Well-Being, Psychological Factors, and Chronic Conditions Among Older Adults.

Aging is characterized by the decline in physical health, functional status, and loss of social roles and relationships that can challenge the quality of life. Social well-being may help explain how aging individuals experience declining physical health and social relationships. Despite the high prevalence of chronic conditions among older adults, research exploring the relationship between social well-being and chronic disease is sparse. The study aims were to investigate the relationship between social well-being and psychological factors (e.g., perceived control, life satisfaction, self-esteem, active coping, optimism, and religious coping) by chronic condition in older adults. Cross-sectional study. The current study comprises older adults (N = 1,251, aged ≥ 65 y) who participated in the third wave of the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (i.e., MIDUS). MIDUS was conducted on a random-digit-dial sample of community-dwelling, English-speaking adults. Six instruments representing psychological resources (life satisfaction, perceived control, self-esteem, optimism, active coping, and religious coping) and five dimensions of social well-being (social actualization, social coherence, social acceptance, social contribution, social integration) were measured. An index of chronic disease comprised of self-reported data whether they had received a physician's diagnosis for any chronic conditions over the past year. The findings indicated that the individuals without chronic conditions had significantly higher social integration, social acceptance, and social contribution scores than the individuals with chronic conditions (t = 2.26, p < 0.05, t = 2.85, p < 0.01, and t = 2.23, p < 0.05, respectively). For individuals diagnosed with more than one chronic condition, perceived control, self-esteem, and optimism were positively related to their social well-being (β = .33, p < .001, β = .17, p < .001, and β = .33, p < .001, respectively). Findings suggested that older adults with multiple chronic conditions have a decrease in social well-being. Chronic disease management programs may help increase social well-being among individuals with multiple chronic conditions.

Association of social integration with cognitive status: results from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study

AbstractBackgroundLack of strong social ties is associated with numerous morbidities including adverse late‐life cognitive outcomes. Prior work on social integration and cognition has been conducted in predominantly White cohorts. We evaluated the relationships between social integration and cognition in diverse older adults from major racial/ethnic groups in the United States using data from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study.MethodKHANDLE is a multi‐ethnic study of 1712 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members age 65+. Social integration was assessed using the Berkman‐Syme Social Network Index. A score ranging from 0 to 6 was calculated by assigning 1 point for each of the following domains: being married/partnered, volunteer activity, having monthly contact with children, relatives, and friends and daily contact with confidante (Figure 1). Cognition included three domains derived from the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales: verbal episodic memory (for White, Black and Latino participants), semantic memory and executive function. Covariate‐adjusted linear mixed‐effects models estimated a single association of social integration with cognition applicable to all three cognitive domains for the full sample and by race/ethnicity. Core models adjusted for age, gender, race, and education (years); expanded models further adjusted for variables that could either be determinants or consequences of social integration, including weekly alcohol use, average score for combined activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL, and income. We repeated these analyses using frequency of contact with confidante as the primary exposure.ResultHigher social integration score was associated with better cognition in core covariate‐adjusted models (β=0.065 (0.039, 0.091)); the association attenuated slightly when adjusting for expanded covariates (β=0.045 (0.019, 0.071)). In race‐stratified core models, higher social integration scores were associated with better cognition among Asian, Black, Latino, and White participants. In expanded models patterns were similar, but the association remained statistically significant only for Black participants (Table 1). Seeing a confidante daily was associated with higher cognition in the pooled model and for Asian participants (Table 2).ConclusionOur findings suggest that social integration and seeing a confidante daily were associated with better cognition across the four racial/ethnic groups.

Negative Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Home Integration, Community Integration, and Productive Activities

Objective: Social participation in daily living the activities requires the maintenance of a variety of social relationships with others and engagement in various social activities. Proper social participation increases the feeling of attachment, provides a stable sense of identity, and increases one’s sense of worth, belonging, and dependence on society. Lack of social participation leads to anxiety, loneliness, depression, panic, mental disorders and many other mental problems and affects society in general. A new coronavirus, called COVID-19, was identified in late December 2019 in China. After just one year, it has been reportedly infected more than 85 million people (up to January 1, 2021) worldwide, and more than 1.8 million have died. Two public health measures to break the transmission chain include quarantine and social distancing. These measures restrict gatherings or separate individuals. Due to these measures in many countries, people’s participation in many social activities has been disrupted. The purpose of this study is to survey the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on home integration, community integration and productive activities. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2020 by using the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) which measures home integration, community integration, and productive activities, along with a demographic form which were sent to 461 participants in Iran (Mean ±SD age= 36.86±5.8 years) on WhatsApp or via email and completed online. Participants were selected from among college students, patients, people with disabilities, their families and relatives, and others who could use smartphones, computers, tablets, and laptops. The effects of Covid-19 were evaluated by analyzing the CIQ scores before and after the pandemic in SPSS v. 22 software. Results: Comparing the CIQ scores before and after the pandemic, results showed that it significantly reduced home integration (P&lt;0.0001), social integration (P&lt;0.0001), productive activities (P&lt;0.0001) and total score (P&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social life of people. In addition to health threats of this disease, the fear of being infected and losing loved ones, job, educational opportunities, recreation, freedom and support, have profound psychological effects. Not only getting infected, but also the fear of getting infected can lead to a lack of access to resources that can improve people’s resistance to this disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has direct and indirect psychological and social effects and can affect mental health. In order to reduce the negative psychosocial effects of quarantine and social distancing, the implementation of national strategies to promote social participation by Information and Communication Technology-based programs is recommended.

Association between Social Integration and Face Mask Use Behavior during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Japan: Results from U-CORONA Study.

Face mask use is a critical behavior to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate the association between social integration and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic in a random sample of households in Utsunomiya City, Greater Tokyo, Japan. Data included 645 adults in the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) study, which was conducted after the first wave of the pandemic, between 14 June 2020 and 5 July 2020, in Utsunomiya City. Social integration before the pandemic was assessed by counting the number of social roles, based on the Cohen’s social network index. Face mask use before and during the pandemic was assessed by questionnaire, and participants were categorized into consistent mask users, new users, and current non-users. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between lower social integration score and face mask use. To account for possible differential non-response bias, non-response weights were used. Of the 645 participants, 172 (26.7%) were consistent mask users and 460 (71.3%) were new users, while 13 (2.0%) were current non-users. Lower social integration level was positively associated with non-users (RRR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.82). Social integration may be important to promote face mask use.

Impact of Divorce and Separation for the Women with Spinal Cord Injury in Community Reintegration

Introduction: Marriage is a lawful agreement between a man and woman. They can share their rights and responsibilities under the provision of Law, whereas divorce or separation is dissolving these bonds between married couples. Among Spinal Cord Injury patients this divorce or separation rate is high in Bangladesh.&#x0D; Objectives: The main aim of this study was to identify the impacts of divorce and separation for the women with spinal cord injury during community reintegration.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a mixed-method-type of study where the participant’s demographics data were analyzed by quantitative analysis by using a standard developed questionnaire (CIQ-R) and semi-structured open ended questionnaire to explore the best possible feedback from the participants for maximum 25-minutes duration. The present study conducted with 39 women participants since July 2011 to June 2016 at the CRP. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 version.&#x0D; Result: Total community integration score was 12.03 and SD was ± 3.87. This score was significantly lower to compare other study for person with SCI. The mean and SD of home integration (2.89, ±1.53), social integration (3.74, ±1.16), productivity (3.12, ±1.81) and electronic social networking (2.54, ±1.86) scores were also lower than the other study. Age, education, occupation, religion, living area, monthly income, marriage before or after injury, duration of marriage, number of children, duration of divorce or separation, ASIA, neurological level was found to be significant predictors of divorce or separation. Four major themes were found in this study (1) Causes of divorce and separation (2) Impact on relationship with family member (3) Impact on social participation (4) Impact on productive activities. Regardless of all participants reported loss of autonomy and functional ability, loss of sex life, loss of self-identity, loss of intimacy within laws, loss of autonomy were the main causes of divorce and separation.&#x0D; Conclusion: Participants scored low in total community integration was lower than compare to other. Suggesting there is a great need to develop interventions by governmental and non-governmental organizations to better integrate individuals of women with divorce and separation with spinal cord injury in the community.

Investigation of the Status of Nurses Returning to Work After Recovering From COVID-19 and Influencing Factors.

More than 3000 medical personnel in China had been infected with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We report on 75 previously infected nurses who returned to work. The aim was to understand the adaptation status of nurses after recovering from COVID-19 and returning to work. Data were collected online via the Work Adaptation Scale and the Psychological Capital Scale, and the related influencing factors were analyzed. The social integration and task mastery scores were highest, and the clear roles and cultural adaptation scores were low. The self-efficacy and hope scores were highest, but the resilience and optimism scores were not high. Psychological capital was positively correlated with work adaptation (P < .01). To ensure the quality and safety of nursing care, nurse managers should adopt effective intervention measures to address the physical and mental health of returning nurses and improve their levels of psychological capital and adaptability.

25 Social Integration in the First 2 Years After Moderate to Severe Burn Injury: A Burn Model System National Database Study

Abstract Introduction Feeling a part of community and participating in social life are important aspects of overall quality of life. Burn survivors consider community reintegration one of the most important issues affecting their recovery. Integration, including social integration, has been studied in this population, but longitudinal analyses to examine factors associated with successful integration are lacking. The current study aims to assess variables associated with social integration during the first two years post-burn. Methods Adult (18+ years) burn survivors enrolled in the Burn Model System national longitudinal database responded to questionnaires at hospital discharge and 6-, 12-, and 24-months postburn. Social integration was assessed at all follow-up timepoints using the Community Integration Questionnaire Social Integration Component Scale, which has a possible range of scores from 0 (no community integration) to 12 (excellent community integration). To examine variables associated with social integration over time, linear mixed effect models utilizing generalized least squares with maximum likelihood and robust standard errors were used. Independent variables in the model included age, sex, % total body surface area (TBSA) burned, race/ethnicity, living status at time of injury, facial burn, history of psychiatric treatment preburn, employment at follow-up assessment, and SF-12 or VR-12 mental health component scores at the time of each follow-up assessment. Results Data from 1,848 adult burn survivors were included in the analyses. Average age of the survivors was 42.9 years, 74.0% were male, 77.7% were white, 47.0% were married or living common-law with a partner, and mean total body surface area burned was 18.2%. Factors associated with better social integration over time included younger age, female sex, lower TBSA (&amp;lt; 40%) burn size, white/non-Hispanic race, no preburn psychiatric treatment, postburn employment, and better mental health. Time was not a significant predictor, indicating that social integration scores remain relatively stable over the 24-month follow-up period. Conclusions We identified several factors that contribute to greater social integration including age, gender, burn size, race/ethnicity, employment, and mental health, with the association between age, gender, and employment status and community integration a novel finding in this population. Applicability of Research to Practice This study suggests that while most factors associated with social integration are not modifiable, interventions aimed at improving mental health and helping burn survivors return to work could also improve self-reported social integration.

30 Does Peer Support Facilitate Social Integration Following Burn Injury?

Abstract Introduction Facilitating access to one-to-one peer support is an important criterion in providing aftercare for individuals with a burn injury. Although there is an increase in understanding of the perceived benefits of peer support, there are not many studies examining peer support as an intervention to promote community re-entry. This comparative study aims to examine if there is a difference in physical and mental health outcomes, including social reintegration between a group that received one-to-one peer support (PS) and a group that did not receive the peer support (NPS). Methods Subjects include adults (&amp;gt;=18y) with a major burn injury who received treatment at a major burn center and consented to participate in a longitudinal national database at discharge from hospital, 6-, 12-, and 24-months post injury. The physical and mental health outcomes were measured using the SF-12 Health Questionnaire – Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) component (50 is the average score or norm); the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Social Integration (SI) was measured by the Community Integration Questionnaire Social Component Scale (score range 0–12; 0 is no community integration and 12 is excellent community integration). The PS program offered at the burn center is a standardized program that includes an 8-hour peer volunteer training. Independent Samples t Tests were conducted to see if there were significant differences in health outcomes between the group that received PS and the group that did not receive PS (NPS). Results Over a period of 5 years, 228 subjects consented to participate in the database. Subjects were predominantly male (70%) and White (72%), with a mean age of 44 years and the mean total body surface area was 24.8%. Sixty-three (28%) subjects received peer visits during their stay in the hospital. Compared to the NPS group, the social integration score for the PS group was higher at all time points, although it was statistically significant only at 24 months (PS= 8.22, NPS=7.13, p&amp;lt; .01). The PS group scored significantly higher in satisfaction with life at 6 months (p&amp;lt; .01) and at 12 months (p&amp;lt; .05). There were significant differences found in TBSA %burn (PS = 31%, NPS = 22%; p&amp;lt; .001), average length of acute hospital stay (PS= 52 days, NPS = 31 days; p&amp;lt; .01), and average length of in-patient rehabilitation stay (PS= 12 days, NPS = 5 days; p&amp;lt; .05). Conclusions The social integration and satisfaction with life scores of the PS group was higher when compared to those of the NPS group. The study highlights the profile of patients who seek peer support visits and has implications for delivery and utilization of burn aftercare programs. Applicability of Research to Practice The study findings highlight the emerging need for providing burn survivors with resources such as peer support to facilitate successful community reentry, and examine the effects of such interventions on health outcomes.

Effects of a Family-Based Diabetes Intervention on Family Social Capital Outcomes for Mexican American Adults.

The purpose of the study is to test the effects of a culturally tailored family-based self-management education and social support intervention on family social capital with Mexican American (MA) adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and their family member. Using a 2-group, experimental repeated-measures design, 157 dyads were randomly assigned to an intervention (group education and social support, home visits, and telephone calls) or a wait list control group. Data were collected at baseline, immediately postintervention (3 months), and 6 months postintervention. A series of 2 × 3 repeated-measures analyses of variance with interaction contrasts were used to test the hypotheses regarding the differential effects on family social capital. Social capital outcomes included social integration, social support, and family efficacy. Social integration scores, high for family members and friends and low for community engagement, did not change over time for participants or family members. Participants perceived high support from family for physical activity with an immediate increase postintervention and moderate sabotage for healthy eating with no change over time. A sustained intervention effect was noted for family efficacy for general health and total family efficacy in participants and family members. This family-based culturally tailored intervention demonstrated the potential to improve social capital, specifically social support for physical activity and family efficacy for diabetes management for MA adults with T2DM. Ongoing research that examines the family as a critical context in which T2DM self-management occurs and that targets strategies for sustained family social capital outcomes for T2DM is needed.

Social Integration Measurement of Inhabitants in Historic Blocks: The Case of Harbin, China

The inhabitants of historic blocks require more social and planning consideration. A basic means to achieve inclusive planning and social sustainability in such areas is to quantitatively study the social integration of their inhabitants. Based on social survey data for the inhabitants of Harbin’s Central Street and DaoWai historic block in China, this paper establishes the measurement factors that affect inhabitant social integration to construct a measurement model. Statistical analysis is performed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The analysis results reveal five dimensions of inhabitant social integration: behavioral integration, cultural integration, industrial integration, spatial integration, and management integration. Subsequently, the statistical scores for social integration and related factors are calculated. The empirical results indicate that the level of the inhabitant social integration has an impact on the vitality and sustainable development of the blocks. The social integration score of the inhabitants of Central Street is higher than that of the inhabitants of the DaoWai historic block. Among the five dimensions, the industrial integration level of Central Street is the highest, whereas the spatial integration level of DaoWai historic block is the highest. The level of management integration is the lowest for both blocks. The difference in the levels of industrial integration between the two blocks is the highest, and cultural integration is the lowest. Comparing the status quo of the two blocks, the paper concludes that the promotion of inhabitant social integration requires enhancing the dimensions with lower measurement scores according to the specific conditions of the block. In this manner, a fundamental theory for a socially inclusive revitalization of historic blocks is established, thus to enhance social sustainability.

Community integration outcomes of people with spinal cord injury and multiple matched controls: A pilot study.

Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme(NDIS) is designed to influence home, social and economic participation for Schemeparticipants. Given the major disability reform underway, this pilot study aimed to: (i) examine community integration outcomes of people with spinal cord injury (SCI); (ii) compare findings with multiple matched controls and (iii) consider findings within the context of Australia's NDIS. Setting: Victoria, Australia. Matched analysis (people with and without SCI). Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). n=40 adults with SCI (M age=52.8years; 61% male; 77% traumatic SCI). Matched analyses from each SCI subject aged <70years (n=31) with four CIQ normative data subjects (from n=1927) was undertaken, with key demographic variables matched (age range, gender, living location and living situation). Risk of low CIQ score as a function of SCI was also examined using conditional Poisson regression. With key demographic variables held constant, small to medium effect sizes were found in favour of the normative sample, with statistically significant differences in home (ρ=0.003) and productivity integration (ρ=0.02). Relative risk of low home integration was significant in the SCI cohort (conditional RR (95% CI)=3.1 (1.5-6.3), ρ=0.001). Relative risk of low CIQ total, social integration and productivity scores did not reach significance. This cohort of SCI participants was less integrated into home and productive occupations than matched norms, holding implications for planning and allocation of supports to influence outcomes within an NDIS. Further research is necessary to understand community integration outcomes in larger matched samples.

Extended Occupational Therapy Reintegration Strategies for a Woman With Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Case Report

This case report describes a unique long-term functional recovery process to promote successful community reintegration for a woman with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a rare autoimmune disease. Her main symptoms were very limited mobility and depressive symptoms due to the unknown cause of and cure for the illness. Holistic occupational strategies helped the client stabilize her emotional state, create a safe home environment, improve a communication method, increase physical activity, and promote social participation. Participation in a fall prevention clinical trial lowered her risk of falling; at 9 mo, she reached 75% of the maximum Social Integration score; at 13 mo, she reached near-normal level for activities of daily living (ADLs) and her fastest time for the Timed Up and Go test; and at 2 yr, she achieved a 100% score in instrumental ADLs. For community integration of clients with GBS, a comprehensive strategic self-management approach should be prescribed for long-term recovery.

Health-related quality of life in acute schizophrenia patients treated with RBP-7000 once monthly risperidone: An 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 study

BackgroundThere is increased interest in the impact of new long-acting treatments on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of treatment with subcutaneous injections of RBP-7000, a new sustained-release formulation of risperidone, compared with placebo on health status, subjective well-being, treatment satisfaction, and preference of medicine in subjects with acute schizophrenia. MethodsHRQoL data were derived from an 8-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study that assessed efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once monthly RBP-7000 (90mg and 120mg) compared with placebo in subjects with acute schizophrenia (n=337). HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L, well-being using the Neuroleptic Treatment-Short Version (SWN-S), satisfaction using the Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and preference using the Preference of Medicine Questionnaire (POM). ResultsThe EQ-5D-5L VAS increased significantly in the RBP-7000 120mg group compared to Placebo (p=0.0212). In RBP-7000 120mg, subjects reported significant improvements in SWN-S physical functioning (p=0.0093), social integration (p=0.0368), and total score (p=0.0395). Subjects were significantly more satisfied with RBP-7000 versus placebo (90mg p=0.0009, 120mg p=0.0006) and preferred RBP-7000 over their previous medication (90mg p<0.0001, 120mg p=0.0619). ConclusionsSignificantly greater improvements in HRQoL and overall well-being were demonstrated in patients randomized to RBP-7000 compared to placebo. The effect was more pronounced in the RBP-7000 120mg group. Patient satisfaction improved significantly and patient preference for their medicine favored RBP-7000 90mg and 120mg versus Placebo.