Social Housing Model Research Articles

Rental housing types and economic wellbeing in Canada

The aim of this article is to examine the association between different types of rental housing and household economic wellbeing. Its main objective is to better understand how the different types of assistance promoted by housing policies contribute to the reduction of material hardship among renter households. To achieve this objective, the study is based on the creation of an original typology designed to catch the different models of social and non-market housing that characterize the rental housing system in Canada. The research design it adopts controls for compositional effects linked to housing policy through a matching procedure that reduces the imbalance existing between households residing in social housing and the rest of the population. The analyses produced demonstrate the importance of promoting and maintaining social and non-market housing models that favour rent-geared-to-income housing, guarantee long-term affordability, and value public and co-operative tenure models.

Exploring Empowerment of Young Participants of Social Housing Youth Innovation Project in Taipei from Advisory Team's Perspectives

<p>本文是從青創戶輔導團隊的觀點，加以探討臺北市社會住宅青創計畫的培力運用。本文依據三個方向進行分析：（一）輔導團隊的工作重點；（二）培力青創戶的模式；以及（三）培力青創戶對社宅的影響。首先。建置各社宅的輔導窗口，及規劃推動社宅的業務內容都是工作重點。第二是培力模式，共分為七大面向包括：初期說明會與工作坊、分組社區活動執行及社區行政事務、學習與轉化社區工作的know-how、個別輔導、團體輔導、成果檢核的輔導等。第三是對社宅的影響，社區內部的網絡開始發展，鄰避效應的問題也開始降低，同時，經濟／社會弱勢者參加社區活動的機會也增加。最後，社宅的青創戶政策可視為一種創新的社區工作模式，提供未來社區工作的參考。</p> <p> </p><p>The analysis framework of this study includes: the main focuses of the advisory team, the empowerment model, and the social impacts of this project. The important findings are as followings. Firstly, the advisory team learned lessons and accumulated experiences by try and error. The establishment of advisory staff in each social housing, and development of community activities were the focal tasks of the advisory team. Secondly, the operations of empowerment contained: the implementations of orientations and workshops, the labor divisions of young participants, the transformations and practices of know-how learned from the advisory team, individual and group consultations, as well as the review of outcome evaluation. The thirdly, some positive impacts of this project had been identified for the residents of social hosing and near-by areas. Finally, the empowerment model of social Housing for Youth Innovation project provided some valuable insights for the development of community work.</p> <p> </p>

Technical and Economic Feasibility of Multi-Family Social Housing and Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings in Southern Brazil

Several studies have shown that social housing in Brazil usually fails to provide thermal comfort to its occupants. This study aimed to define energy efficiency measures for a representative social housing model to, together with local production of renewable energy, achieve the nearly zero-energy target. The thermal performance and energy efficiency of the representative model were evaluated using computer simulation, considering the southern Brazilian climatic context. An analysis of the economic feasibility of energy efficiency measures was also carried out. The results showed that the nearly zero-energy model with energy efficiency measures on the envelope (EPS and gypsum board in the external walls and rock wall in the roof) and a solar water heating system reduced 13.1% of the annual primary energy consumption in comparison with the representative model. Considering the renewable energy generation in the nearly zero-energy building, the electricity consumption was 38,777.6 kWh/year lower than that in the representative model (57.0% reduction). The economic analysis of the energy efficiency measures indicated a positive net present value and a payback of nearly six years. It was concluded that using energy efficiency measures and an on-site renewable made it possible to reach the nearly zero-energy target in a representative social housing model.

Social Housing Models in Latvia and A Comparative Analysis of the EU Member States

Abstract This study examines social housing models in Latvia, comparing them with those of other member states of the European Union (EU) through comparative and document analysis methodologies. The research investigates Latvia's current social housing landscape, its historical development, and the challenges in meeting the needs of vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly. Latvia’s social housing sector, characterised by a very small share of the total housing stock and quality issues, is compared with 3–5 EU countries, focussing on funding mechanisms, target groups, and quality standards. The analysis reveals significant disparities between Latvia and other EU countries in social housing provision, with Latvia having one of the lowest incidences in the EU. Key findings include the impact of demographic trends on housing needs and the challenges posed by the ageing housing stock. The study concludes with recommendations for policy improvements and implementation strategies, contributing to the understanding of social housing dynamics in Latvia within the broader EU context and providing information for more inclusive and sustainable housing solutions.

Social Housing Assessment for Sustainable Model Development: Case Study Ras Al Khaimah, UAE

Objective: This study discusses the requirements of social housing that are adaptable to the local culture, affordable, resilient, and inclusive by proposing a prototype of a social housing unit. Method: Through observation in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), evaluation of the social housing conditions, authors design criteria for culturally adaptive social housing that is affordable, resilient and inclusive and compare the existing social housing against the designed criteria. Results: As a result of the research, model of social housing that considers the environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability is suggested to comply with Emirate’s strategy to enhance the sector of social housing. Conclusion: The study concludes with the following recommendations: Accessibility to information related to the study, evaluation of the existing housing conditions, governmental support to the private sector implementing affordable housing projects, and predictions for upcoming work in the field of affordable and sustainable housing are important for the transition to more sustainable housing programs. This study creates a database and forms a base for future research in the field of sustainable housing programs in the UAE.

Influence of social housing models in the development of urban agriculture in Mexico

This study examines urbanization patterns linked to social housing units and the way in which such patterns influence the practice of urban agriculture (UA) in Mexico. Due to the transformations that take place over time in Mexican social-housing units, impervious surfaces tend to increase at the expense of greenspace and UA possibilities. The research aims to identify the negative impact of social housing transformations on UA and suggest a policy framework for sustainable housing development in Mexico. The empirical analysis distinguishes four social housing typologies within two emblematic neighborhoods in the city of Merida, Mexico: Las Magnolias and Ampliación Tixcacal-Opichén. A survey of 157 housing units combines quantitative metrics and qualitative descriptors to unveil the detrimental impact of development on UA. The results show that UA takes place within the building lots and around the housing units, rather than in public urban areas. 60% of the sampled units practiced UA, with traditional backyard gardens being the most common modality. The research findings point to a systematic expansion of impervious surfaces, limitation of both cultivation choices and crop variety, and major restrictions on UA practices. Social housing represents the bulk of residential developments in Mexico (42.7% out of 35.5 million housing units). Left unregulated, the types of social housing transformations that have been empirically verified in this study endanger the availability of green space as the primary resource for UA. This research sheds light on critical policy changes and formulations that are required to enhance UA practices and to establish greener cities and more sustainable housing development.

Creating more sustainable social housing in Serbia: A conceptual framework for architectural and urban design

The basic research problem is the insufficient application of sustainability criteria in urban and architectural programs and projects for social housing in post-socialist Serbia, which may lead to inadequate and low-quality new housing stock. This paper emphasizes the importance of considering social, economic and environmental sustainability aspects integrally in the further development of the existing, highly residual social housing model, with a focus on improving guidelines, rules and parameters in the design domain. Relevant criteria in the architectural and urban design of sustainable social housing were identified, systematized and interpreted, based on the analysis of scientific knowledge, applicable models and international recommendations. A conceptual multicriteria framework was designed with the aim of contributing to the improvement of methodological approaches in the design and evaluation of social housing settlements and buildings in Serbia, as well as in related housing systems.

Social housing policy in the metropolitan area of Athens during the period 1922–2012

AbstractThe aim of this survey is to present the Greek social housing model as a part of the southern European model through an Athenian case-study. Several characteristics of the Greek housing model are unique, and the analysis of the Athenian case provides an example that emphasizes those characteristics. Moreover, this survey intends to contribute to filling the gap in the relevant urban history and geography bibliography and, more specifically, to describe the Greek social housing model and the role of the city of Athens in the planning and distribution of social housing. This survey is based mainly on secondary data (literature review) but also on primary sources.

Housing Vienna: The Socio-Spatial Effects of Inclusionary and Exclusionary Mechanisms of Housing Provision

The provision of housing plays a decisive role in segregation processes. In a European context increasingly influenced by variegated neo-liberal housing policies, Vienna’s approach is characterised by generous access to social housing. This inclusive strategy aims at actively preventing segregation and the isolation of certain groups. Over the last 30 years, however, reconfigured multi-level arrangements and wider contextual changes have transformed Vienna’s housing governance. This article explores how. In particular, it aims at disentangling the relationship between housing policy reforms at multiple policy levels and the changes of the mechanisms shaping the access to tenure segments and residential segregation in Vienna. Through the use of process tracing, we identify critical junctures of housing governance and relate them to housing segmentation and segregation measures over a period of approximately 30 years. Our findings show that reforms on multiple levels produce an increasingly deregulated private rental market and an increasingly fragmented access to a diversified provision of social housing. From a spatial point of view, persistent patterns of segregation blend with new ones, leading to decreasing segregation characterised by a more even spatial distribution of low and high-status groups. At the same time, both groups show very low, but slightly increased levels of isolation. Tenant profiles in social housing are, however, generally still very mixed. Balancing the trade-off between a social mix and social targeting without excluding residents in need will remain the main challenge for Vienna’s social housing model.

Social housing: common needs, common paths, and common barriers. The Uruguayan experience

This paper attempts to describe a particularly successful model of social production of habitat, that of Uruguayan housing cooperatives, which has already been developed for more than half a century, linking it with the conclusions of studies on the management of common goods by the people own selves by the Elinor Ostrom. Uruguayan housing cooperative´s characteristics and central aspects are analysed. Main singularities of the system are self-management, direct involvement of future users throughout their work or savings, and collective ownership of the houses, granting the right to use and enjoy to households. Subsequently, it is made a brief presentation of Ostrom’s work on commons and the Uruguayan cooperative model is taken up considering these concepts. This paper concludes that this social housing model would have great potential if had the support of the governments, currently oriented to free market, throughout development of an adequate legal framework, public funding, and access to land.

Using Implementation Science to Support a Research and Public Policy Sector Older Adult Social Housing Partnership

One quarter of the residents in the City of Toronto is comprised of older adults, and this number is expected to continue to grow dramatically over the next few decades. The development of evidence-based interventions to meet the health and social care needs of Toronto’s aging population can be hampered by failing to account for broader implementation considerations that can adversely affect successful uptake. The present initiative provides a case-example of a research and public policy sector partnership that used an implementation approach to co-design an older adult social housing model for low-income older adult groups. Implementation science is the study of the uptake of research evidence into practice. Our team used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to support the planning, implementation and evaluation process of a new social housing model for older adults by: 1) identifying all relevant stakeholders; 2) generating evidence via qualitative interviews/focus groups, a scoping review, secondary data analysis, and an environmental scan; 3) facilitating large scale stakeholder consultation events with older adults, front-line practitioners and other community agencies; 4) supporting the development of an evaluation framework; and 5) providing opportunities for knowledge exchange and transfer across each phase of the initiative. An implementation science approach has augmented the ability of the City of Toronto to optimize the co-creation of housing strategies aimed at improving the overall wellness of vulnerable older adults living in social housing. Further, a number of valuable lessons were learned on how to foster successful research and public policy relationships.

A Scoping Review of Social Housing Models for Older Adults

Access to affordable housing is a rising concern for many older adults, and government-sponsored social housing programs are one approach to support low-income older adult renters; however, these housing models are limited in availability and may not all be well-suited to support aging in place. To better understand how to promote the physical, mental and social wellbeing of older tenants in social housing, this scoping review mapped relevant literature to examine: 1) the characteristics of older adults in social housing; and 2) social housing service models and policies. Seven peer reviewed databases were searched for relevant articles, which were screened by two independent reviewers. A total of 140 articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies were predominately from the US and Canada; spanning over five decades of research, with publications surging in the 1980’s and in the 2010’s. Almost all studies reported on the sociodemographic and health characteristics of older tenants, and two thirds presented findings on social housing service models, including policies, staff positions and training, and access to on-site support services. This review points to a high level of vulnerability among older adult tenants living in social housing and highlights the importance of co-locating support services in social housing buildings, with dedicated tenant-support staff to identify vulnerable tenants and link them to these services. There is an acute need for more research on key issues related to housing retention, such as eviction prevention, in order to identify opportunities for social housing landlords to help older tenants age in place.

Contested incrementalism: Elemental's Quinta Monroy settlement fifteen years on

Quinta Monroy is an award-winning co-designed settlement for 93 families on half a hectare of land at Iquique in northern Chile. Neighbors' complaints about the disorderly settlement peaked after the landowner's death and provoked untenured residents to seek government subsidies to redevelop the settlement. From 2003, a government social housing project was coordinated by the “Elemental” architecture firm with US$10,000 per household. With the resident's temporary relocation, 93 modular and interlinked apartments were built around a series of courtyards. These apartments, which were designed as “half-houses,” were subsequently co-opted by residents adding rooms in locations planned in advance by Elemental. Many households have since doubled the size of their apartment and reformed the settlement in ways not anticipated by Elemental.This paper details a spatial and ethnographic study of the Quinta Monroy settlement since redevelopment to identify opportunities and risks that accompany this type of social housing model. The study reveals evidence that residents' capacities to enlarge apartments commonly exceeds the architect's expectations and that unregulated expansions often compromise the settlement's livability. This research anticipates further opportunities for expansion in this semi-regulated settlement and investigates possibilities that another contested slum settlement may emerge.

Social housing in Flanders: best value for society from social housing associations or social rental agencies?

Social housing in Flanders is provided by two types of organizations. Social Housing Associations (SHAs) build and buy houses. Social Rental Agencies (SRAs) rent houses on the private market. Both types of organizations have a similar goal: to provide affordable and good quality housing to households in need. In this article, we describe the SHA and SRA model, assess the cost for the government of both models and evaluate their cost-effectiveness, which we define as the value for society (the outcome) given the government budget. The conclusion is that an SRA dwelling in Flanders on average has a higher cost to the government than an SHA dwelling. With respect to outcomes, we find some are better for SHAs and other are better for SRAs. The main contribution of this article is that it proposes a methodology for assessing the cost and the cost-effectiveness of different models of social housing, which can also be applied in other institutional contexts.

Social Housing as an Experimental Approach to the Sustainable Regeneration of Historic City Centers: An Ongoing Study of Sassari City, Italy

The urban development in the 21st century builds upon sustainable urban redevelopment. In this paper, we use urban regeneration as a strategic intervention that reverses social and physical decline through an integrated approach. We argued that social housing is an important strategic intervention of urban regeneration. Unlike many European countries, social housing in Italy has remained an experimental field that urgently needs new models, and urban planning tools and techniques. We presented guidelines for an experimental social housing model. We focus on abandoned buildings and spaces, social issues, and services, with the goal of contributing to urban welfare in the old town center of Sassari City. This approach goes well beyond efforts to put uninhabited or degraded land and buildings to new uses. A model is an integrated tool that is capable of triggering and guiding the processes of social innovation, inclusion, cultural promotion, and economic development. It grounds on the collaborative use of spaces that stimulate a new culture of living together: collaborative living. This paper is based on the results of an ongoing research project, which involves the local University and the Municipality. More research is needed to enclose the model.

New neoliberal public housing policies: between centrality discourse and peripheralization practices in Santiago, Chile

Periodico : Journal Housing Studies Link para o artigo: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02673037.2018.1458287 Abstract The lack of geographical equality in the development of neoliberal social housing models is evidence of differing ideological discourses and socio-spatial practices in the production of social housing. Based on a critical analysis of the Housing Policy for Quality Improvement and Social Integration promoted in Chile in 2006—the basis for a set of subsequent polic...

A Study on the Foundations for Continued Growth of French Social Housing and Recent Policy Dilemma

본 논문은 프랑스의 일반형 공공공임대주택 모델에 대해 탐구이다. 일반형 모델은 대상 계층을 달리하고 정부 지원 조건과 수혜 정도를 차등화한 공급 유형(PLAI, PLUS, PLS), 누구든 공적 역할을 할 수 있도록 개방된 정부 지원 구조, 지역기반에서 다양한 지역 수요에 차별적으로 대응해 온 공급 생태계가 특징이다. 이와 더불어 저축 예금인 Livret A라는 재원을 활용한 CDC의 금융 순환 회로의 역할, 기업의 ‘1% 주택기금’ 재원의 활용, 견고하게 잘 짜여진 거버넌스 구조는 프랑스 공공임대주택이 지속적으로 성장할 수 있는 주요 토대라 할 수 있다. 무엇보다 시대와 정권의 변화에도 거의 변함없이 공공임대주택에 대한 공급 확대 기조를 이어오고 있다는 것은 프랑스의 국민, 기업, 정치의 합의 형성의 성과이자 핵심 저력이라고 할 수 있다. 최근 공공임대주택 지원의 효과성, 효율성, 배분의 형평성 측면에서 제기되고 문제들에 대해 프랑스 정부는 2009년부터 입주자격 기준 강화, 절차와 방식 개선, 주거권 보장 및취약계층 보호 강화, 지역 격차 해소 등으로 풀어나가고 있다. 그러나 점차 늘어나는 저소 득층 입주, 줄어드는 재정 지원, 공급자의 자체자금 부담 증가 등은 향후 일반형 모델의 지속가능성을 위협하고 공급 확대의 저해 요소가 될 소지가 있다.The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the generalist social housing model in France, factors behind the continued growth of French social housing, and how current social housing issues are being addressed by the French government. The generalist social housing model is primarily characterized by three ways of supplying social housing, which differentiate target beneficiaries, the government support structure that does not limit the participants in social housing supply initiatives, and the supply ecosystem that provides various solutions to meet the diverse needs of each local community. The continued growth of social housing is attributed to funds raised through savings accounts based on social solidarity, which are then redistributed by CDC, the 1% employer s housing fund and the well-structured governance system. Above all, the French government’s continued expansion of social housing despite changes in time and administration is an achievement and power of the consensus reached by the people, businesses, and political leaders of France. In response to recent issues raised about the effectiveness, efficiency, and distributive equity of social housing sector, the French government came up with various solutions, such as strengthening the qualification standards for beneficiaries, streamlining processes and methods, strengthening the right to housing, increasing protection of vulnerable groups, and narrowing regional gaps. However, a growing number of low-income households, dwindling financial support, and increasing self-financing burdens imposed on suppliers may threaten the sustainability of the generalist model and hamper the expansion of social housing supply.

Assessing the compliance of architectural design of social housing models in new cities with social needs of relevant residents

This paper studies, analyzes and evaluates the architectural design of social housing models in Egyptian new cities in terms of the availability of social needs along with their compliance with residents’ own needs. Social needs under investigation are the need for communication, privacy, containment, protection, symbolism, functionality, and personality achievement. The main concern of research is to introduce a quantitative index expresses the degree of compliance of such needs with desires of the low-income social class targeted to reside in such projects. The research methodology combined three major methods to measure compliance between requirements of such class and the architectural design of the project through employing specific social class and their housing project within New El-Minya City as a case study. First, a theoretical analysis of the case study housing model design along with its urban context is conducted. Also, assessment, analysis, and observation by photography are used to specify modifications made by residents to their residential units to fit their social needs. Finally, structured interviews are conducted with people from the social class targeted to be accommodated in such residential models in New El-Minya City. The interviews aimed to measure their priorities in terms of social needs and the needs’ achievable design features. The interviews then analyzed by transforming the qualitative data collected from the sample into quantitative data to identify merits and demerits of design in terms of meeting the different social needs of this class expressed by a specific quantitative number. Results of applying these methods showed random modifications made by residents to compensate their missing requirements. The proposed quantitative index’s results showed a huge design deficiency in meeting the social requirements of residents. The case study design matches the social needs of residents’ social class by only (50.3%). This was referred to miss communication between designers and users in early design stage. In addition, the wrong policy of adoption of a single housing model to be built all over the country without taking into consideration the different social priorities and needs of the same social class in different communities.

Design and thermal evaluation of a social housing model conceived with bioclimatic principles and recycled aggregates

The present work discloses the design and thermal evaluation of single-family houses adapted with bioclimatic principles to tropical climates – the Vila Sustentável complex. The architectural layout of each 2-bedroom unit embraces accessibility measures and bioclimatic strategies for energy-efficiency. The envelope embodies an innovative approach: the full replacement of natural aggregates by processed steelmaking slag in all cement-based composites (mortars, concretes and concrete blocks). These building elements were characterized physically and thermally. Subsequently, the thermal performance of the buildings was evaluated through an energy simulation using the software EnergyPlus. Results indicated that the stack effect designed in the living room promotes high ventilation rates with no energy consumption. The building elements produced with steel slag presented better thermal performance than the conventional ones, due to the high thermal inertia and low thermal conductivity of the slag. In this sense, the passive strategies proposed are replicable and energy-efficient alternatives for tropical countries.

The Integrated Bicultural Referent of the Built Colonial Heritage: Social Housing Models in Oran (1954–1958), Algeria

The built heritage of the 1950s French colonial era represents the complexity of the hybrid cultural identity bequeathed by history but attracts minimal interest and consid­eration as an accepted local heritage. This research focuses on the opportunities and misconceptions about cultural reinterpretations and on the role a given society plays in the definition of cultural and patrimonial identity. For this purpose, the paper explores four social housing models and their derivatives (Nid d’abeilles, Semiramis, Trefle and Brunie) built during the French colonial period between 1954 and 1958 in Oran, Alge­ria. The historical analysis, supported by a qualitative study of the spatio-temporal evo­lution of these public housing projects, is based on the dynamics of cultural transfers. It aims to understand the interweaving and evolution of formal, organizational and func­tional reinterpretations of architectural components generated by western architects and remodeled by the local population. The result identifies hybrid cultural housing and highlights the pivotal role of social stakeholders in the acceptance and accommodation of mixed models. It encourages the identification of sustained and integrated bicultural referents which reflect the contemporary cultural identity.