Social Group Identity Research Articles

Підходи до вивчення громадської думки в СРСР 1920-х –1930-х рр.

The measurement of public opinion has become an essential practice across various fields, evolving from historical methods to modern polling techniques. Politicians have long tried to understand public sentiment through tools like media analysis and direct communication. In democratic societies, this understanding helps with electoral success, while in totalitarian regimes, it often serves to maintain control through surveillance and other strategies. The article underscores the challenges scholars face in reconstructing public sentiment in oppressive environments where reliable data is scarce. Historians often depend on alternative sources, such as secret police reports, media publications, and personal accounts, to build a nuanced understanding of public opinion. Our overview has identified various approaches to studying public opinion in the USSR during the interwar period. Some studies focus on representing a range of reactions that ordinary people have to newly introduced state policies and everyday problems. Other scholars highlight complex social dynamics (active and passive resistance, adaptation, apathy, etc.) Moreover, a number of public opinion studies are devoted to the collective identity of different social groups and how it changed under the influence of Soviet propaganda and social engineering. At the same time, some researchers who heavily relied on personal accounts reconstructed people’s emotional states under the pressure of totalitarianism. Overall, exploring public sentiment in oppressive environments allows for a deeper understanding of the nature of totalitarianism and the social resistance under such regimes. Keywords: public opinion, popular opinion, public sentiments, behavior, resistance, USSR, Holodomor.

Optimizing diversity, equity and inclusion in pragmatic clinical trials: Findings from the Pain Management Collaboratory

The National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Defense, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs established a Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) in 2017, with the purpose of implementing and evaluating nonpharmacological approaches for management of pain and co-occurring conditions in military and veteran healthcare systems through the execution of pragmatic clinical trials. The purpose of the current study is to detail and critically examine recruitment and retention procedures across the PMC’s large-scale multi-site pragmatic clinical trials, with attention to efforts made by trialists to diversify their study samples. Team members from 11 pragmatic clinical trials completed semi-structured interviews that focused on the meaning of diversity to the trial teams when planning the composition of their samples, methods used to recruit and retain diverse samples of patients, and planned analyses that take into consideration diverse subgroups of patients. Nearly 18,000 patients have been enrolled across trials, 22 % of whom were assigned female sex at birth and 34 % of whom identify with a marginalized race or ethnicity. Respondents highlighted study site selection, formation of partnerships with patient groups, and leveraging of data informatics as strategies that aided in the recruitment of patients diverse in terms of birth sex, race, and ethnicity. Notably, trialists adopted a narrow definition of diversity that did not take into consideration multiple intersecting identities of trial participants. Based on experiences of the PMC, we provide 14 recommendations on ways to diversify patient samples in clinical pain research. PerspectiveThis article describes challenges posed, and opportunities provided, with pain pragmatic clinical trial designs, emphasizing approaches that optimize the inclusion of social identity groups that have historically been under-represented in pain research.

A graph similarity measurement algorithm combining global and local fine-grained features

Graph Similarity Computation (GSC) is not only a basic operation of graph similarity search, but also plays an important role in many application fields, including drug design, program analysis and social group identification. Since calculating the exact distance or similarity between two graphs is usually an NP-hard problem, the tradeoff between precision and speed needs to be addressed. In this paper, a pooling-based graph neural network method is proposed, which effectively integrates the coarse-grained interaction features of the two graph data and the fine -grained interaction features of the nodes between the subgraphs, and further reduce the computational cost while ensuring the accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good performance on real graph data sets. Compared with previous methods, the proposed method not only improves the accuracy but also improves the computational efficiency.

Social class group identity, intergroup attitudes, and views on social mobility and inequality in the U.K. and the U.S.

AbstractDrawing on social identity theory (SIT), this study explored social class group identity, intergroup attitudes, and views about social mobility and inequality among socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse adults in the U.K. (n = 457) and the U.S. (n = 595). U.K. participants evidenced greater consensus about the social class groups present in their society than did U.S. participants, but lower, working, middle, and upper class were commonly perceived in both contexts, and many participants self‐identified as working class (38% U.K., 17% U.S.) or middle class (45% U.K., 47% U.S.) Consistent with SIT, participants in both contexts identified with their social class ingroup (e.g., felt they belonged) and stereotyped it less harshly on dimensions (warmth or competence) on which it was generally negatively stereotyped. Importantly, middle and upper class participants tended to feel more positively (e.g., proud) about their ingroup, and believed society was more fair and equal, and upward mobility more likely, than did lower and working class participants.

Examining the Effect of Knowledge Seeking on Knowledge Contribution in Q&A Communities.

Based on motivational theory, this study investigated the effect of users' knowledge seeking on users' knowledge contribution in question-and-answer (Q&A) communities. We collected 4643 samples from the largest social Q&A platform in China (Zhihu) and applied a mediation effect test to the data. The results showed that knowledge seeking affects intrinsic motivations (altruism and self-efficacy) and extrinsic motivations (social support, group identity, and reputation), further affecting knowledge contribution. Our findings indicated that Q&A communities should be concerned with users' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to ensure balanced knowledge exchange on social Q&A platforms, ultimately fostering long-term stability and growth. Existing research has mainly focused on a single behavioral state, such as knowledge seeking or knowledge contribution, and has paid little attention to the connection between these two types of user information behaviors. This study aimed to fill this gap by revealing the mechanisms through which users' knowledge seeking affects their knowledge contribution.

Suicidal Behavior and Personality Group Affiliation: Approaches and Research Directions

Introduction. As it follows from a number of scientific works, not only suicide rates, but also their motives and ways of committing suicide vary widely in different countries, strata of society and strata of the population. In recent decades, research on this issue has become interdisciplinary and cross-cultural. Suicidal behavior is increasingly considered in the context of the suicidal person’s belonging to a certain social group or cultural community. Objective. To analyze the impact of an individual’s membership in a large social group or cultural community on suicidal behavior. The main directions of suicidal behavior research. In the vast array of theoretical and research works the following directions of suicidal behavior study can be distinguished: existential, clinical, socio-demographic, socio-cultural and socio-psychological. Starting from E. Durkheim’s sociological etude “Suicide”, the group affiliation of an individual is considered as a leading factor of suicidal behavior. However, the sociological approach appears limited because its proponents place excessive emphasis on demographic variables rather than on the psychological significance of suicide and the values of the individual prone to suicidal behavior. A. Adler’s socio-psychological conceptualization of suicide is partly responsible for overcoming these limitations. Adler’s socio-psychological concept of suicide, which takes into account not only demographic indicators, but also how suicides perceive, evaluate and experience their own group affiliation and the values of their social group. According to A. Adler, the predictors of suicide are a sense of community (belonging) and social interests of the individual. Sense of community and group belonging as a factor of suicidal behavior. Comparison of studies conducted in three countries (Russia / USSR, Japan and the USA) allows us to identify two socio-psychological factors of suicidal behavior: 1) negative attitude to one’s own group or cultural identity; 2) hypertrophy of the sense of community and belonging, leading to a decrease in the value of one’s own personality and individual life. Discussion. As modern cross-cultural studies show, suicidal behavior can be observed both at the deficit of the sense of community and group belonging and at the high level of development of this sense. This is conditioned, on the one hand, by the attitude of a suicide victim to his/her social group and cultural identity, and, on the other hand, by the historically formed attitude of society to suicide.

Social group identities and semantic domains in the ancient Near East

Abstract Digital Humanities has an increasing need for widely applicable and easy-to-use methods across disciplinary boundaries. We believe that the cross-disciplinary methods we have developed for the study of the ancient Near East are useful for the study of other research questions outside the field of “Digital Assyriology”. The article presents an overview of automated language processing for lexical-semantic analysis, social network analysis, and content analysis. We draw on the work in our research group, which aims to address how changing empires affect social group identities and lifeways in the first millennium BCE in Mesopotamia. The article places the methods our research team has developed into the larger methodological context of Digital Humanities (DH). The article presents an overview of the tools our research group has found useful in our study of ancient social groups. Sections 1 and 2 give the necessary background for the reader to understand the particular challenges related to the study of ancient Mesopotamia and how we have overcome them. The concrete case studies presented in Sections 3 and 4, however, are kept as general as possible, to facilitate similar approaches in adjacent fields of study. Our methodology and approaches are well documented and openly available, and in our view can be used on similar text materials, by other groups interested in DH approaches.

Social Group Membership, Social Identities, and Mental Health Experiences in Urban Poor Communities in Ghana: A Critical Social Psychology Inquiry.

Social groups and identities significantly influence mental health outcomes, yet their impact in resource-poor communities remains understudied. We explored the role of social group memberships and identities in shaping mental health experiences in two urban poor communities in Ghana. Data from 77 participants were analyzed thematically, revealing widespread engagement in social groups that provide access to both material and symbolic resources. However, these groups also serve as sources of tension and contribute to the stigmatization and marginalization of vulnerable members. Those affected include individuals with severe mental disorders, men experiencing depression, young men involved in substance abuse, family caregivers, migrant and tenant households, and otherwise healthy individuals with recurring psychosocial challenges. The groups exacerbate mental health challenges and restrict access to care among marginalized populations. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing mental health support and reducing stigma in resource-poor settings.

Ecological and genetic variables co-vary with social group identity to shape the gut microbiome of a pair-living primate.

Primates exhibit diverse social systems that are intricately linked to their biology, behavior, and evolution, all of which influence the acquisition and maintenance of their gut microbiomes (GMs). However, most studies of wild primate populations focus on taxa with relatively large group sizes, and few consider pair-living species. To address this gap, we investigate how a primate's social system interacts with key environmental, social, and genetic variables to shape the GMin pair-living, red-bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer). Previous research on this species suggests that social interactions within groups influence interindividual microbiome similarity; however, the impacts of other nonsocial variables and their relative contributions to gut microbial variation remain unclear. We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA hypervariable V4-V5 region to characterize the GM from 26 genotyped individuals across 11social groups residing in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. We estimated the degree to which sex, social group identity, genetic relatedness, dietary diversity, and home range proximity were associated with variation in the gut microbial communities residing in red-bellied lemurs. All variables except sex played a significant role in predicting GM composition. Our model had high levels of variance inflation, inhibiting our ability to determine which variables were most predictive of gut microbial composition. This inflation is likely due to red-bellied lemurs' pair-living, pair-bonded social system that leads to covariation among environmental, social, and genetic variables. Our findings highlight some of the factors that predict GMcomposition in a tightly bonded, pair-living species and identify variables that require further study. We propose that future primate microbiome studies should simultaneously consider environmental, social, and genetic factors to improve our understanding of the relationships among sociality, the microbiome, and primate ecology and evolution.

Exploration of Semantic Frames to Confirm Verb Meaning

Semantics is one of three levels of language analysis: phonological, grammatical, and semantic. Semantics is a field of linguistics that studies the relationship between linguistic signs and the objects they signify, or in other words, a field of linguistic study that investigates what language means and means. Semantics is a field of linguistics that is closely related to other social sciences, such as sociology or anthropology, and even to philosophy and psychology. Sociology is related to semantics due to the fact that the identity of social groups can be demonstrated by the use of certain words to indicate meaning.

Polycultural Identity Experiences: A Qualitative Exploration in Australia

Developing cultural identity can be a complex journey in culturally diverse spaces within Australia, where approximately half of the population is either born overseas or has one parent who was. We reflexively and thematically analyzed 45 semi-structured interviews with culturally and demographically diverse Australian residents to gain a deeper understanding of this complex process. Our approach was primarily inductive and data-driven. To explore how identity experiences are tied to societal assumptions about cultural diversity, we shared with participants the notions of multiculturalism and polyculturalism during interviews to facilitate discussion. Five themes were generated: (1) varied identification with heritage culture, (2) questioning Australian identity: what it means to be Australian, (3) being a product of many influences, (4) learning, bridging, and blending cultural influences, and (5) the importance of meaningful social group identities. These themes reflected an array of identity experiences concerning heritage and inclusivity but also appreciation and integration of diverse cultural influences as part of self, including values and worldviews shared within non-heritage social groups. Cultural identity experiences in a pluralistic society may be better seen as a process of active transformations where culture’s influence on the person is partial and plural, consistent with the polyculturalism paradigm rather than general and enduring, as seen in the multiculturalism paradigm.

THE ACTUALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL VALUES AS A CONTROLLING FACTOR FOR THE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TERRORISM

This study aims to determine the extent to which religious and cultural values in the Lembantongoa Village community strengthen their social group identity, as well as the source of ideas, thoughts, ways, which are useful as a barrier and inhibiting factor for the creation of destructive social turmoil effects due to the terrorist movement. The results of this study reveal facts that explain 1) the influence of religion and culture is still quite strong, manifested in community behavior in the form of adherence to customary norms; life cycle ceremonies, customary laws, social organizations, always strengthen their structural and cultural identity, 2) the real act of murder terror in Lembantongoa Village is an attempt to manipulate the power of religion and culture as a means of justifying social turmoil, 3) the perpetrators of terror are the continuity of terrorist actors " MIT Theorist Group in Poso" , trying to create " Social Turmoil" in Sigi Regency streotype of conflict and social unrest in Poso, 4) overcoming the consequences and problems of murder terror, should critically address the failure of terrorist groups to utilize religion and custom as a trigger for Social Turmoil.

You can’t do that on television (right now): Strike Force Five, late-night comedy, and audience engagement

ABSTRACT Given declining public trust in mainstream media outlets, late-night comedians are increasingly relied upon as trusted sources of political information. Connections with late-night hosts have taken on a personalized, psychological dimension and have even become a part of media users’ expression of social group identity. Understanding this dynamic, the research presents a thematic textual analysis of the twelve-plus hours of conversation and comic banter between Stephen Colbert, Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel, Seth Meyers, and John Oliver that aired across the twelve-episode run of the Fall 2023 podcast, Strike Force Five. Connecting with viewers during the 2023 Writers Guild of America (WGA) strike, the podcast presents a personalized view of the life of these five comedians as they dialogue about their families, the early days of their comedy careers, the history of late-night comedy programming, and their unique public friendship despite being cast by the media as competitors in the late-night ratings war. Analyzing the reach and impact of the Strike Force Five podcast is an important part of furthering an understanding of the influence of late-night comedy and political satire on our political life and popular culture.

Unveiling the psychological mechanisms of mutual help groups for addiction recovery: The role of social identity factors.

The effectiveness of mutual help groups (MHGs) in promoting addiction recovery has been widely acknowledged. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the impact of MHGs remain somewhat uncertain. Drawing on a social identity perspective, this study investigated a sequential mediation model in which social support is posited as a driving factor that enhances abstinence maintenance through group identification, recovery identity, and self-efficacy. A sample of 820 smokers, participating in a 6-month collective smoking cessation programme which included access to an online help group, completed measures of social support, group identification, smoker/ex-smoker identity, and self-efficacy at the programme's outset. Smoking abstinence was assessed 6 and 9 months later. The findings supported the proposed model, indicating that social support was positively associated with MHG identification, which, in turn, was related to a stronger recovery identity. Subsequently, recovery identity was associated with increased self-efficacy, and indirectly, with smoking abstinence at both measurement times. Additional analyses testing alternative mediation models further supported the validity of the proposed model. These findings suggest that social identity factors play significant roles in accounting for the effectiveness of MHGs for addiction recovery.

Identity Politics Violations in Indonesian Elections

Identity politics violations are a frequent phenomenon in elections in Indonesia, where ethnic, religious, ethnic, gender, or other social group identities are manipulated or exploited for political gain. The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze, and understand more deeply about identity politics violations in elections, as well as their implications for democracy and Indonesian society as a whole. The analysis will be based on the theory of identity politics, multiculturalism, and political participation. The results of the analysis show that political elites and candidates for regional heads tend to use or maintain identity politics for political interests and strengthen power hegemony. As a result, the use of religious issues as political tools in the 2019 Presidential Election is a source of tension and a potential threat to the country's social and political stability. With a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, this research is expected to provide valuable insights for political stakeholders, electoral institutions, and society at large to develop prevention and countermeasures against identity politics violation and strengthen the foundation of an inclusive and equitable democracy in Indonesia.

The Intuitive Eating Scale-3: Development and psychometric evaluation

Intuitive eating has been found to protect against disordered eating and preserve well-being. Yet, there are methodological (length), conceptual (inconsideration of medical, value-based, and access-related reasons for food consumption), and psychometric (item wording) concerns with its most common measure, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). To address these concerns, we developed the IES-3 and investigated its psychometric properties with U.S. community adults. Across three online studies, we evaluated the IES-3's factorial validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA; Study 1; N = 957; Mage = 36.30), as well as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), bifactor-CFA, and bifactor-ESEM (Study 2; N = 1152; Mage = 40.95), and cross-validated the optimal model (Study 3; N = 884; Mage = 38.54). We examined measurement invariance across samples and time, differential item functioning (age, body mass index [BMI], gender), composite reliability, and validity. Study 1 revealed a 12-item, 4-factor structure (unconditional permission to eat, eating for physical reasons, reliance on hunger and satiety cues, body-food choice congruence). In Study 2, a bifactor-ESEM model with a global intuitive eating factor and four specific factors best fit the data, which was temporally stable across three weeks. This model also had good fit in Study 3 and, across Studies 2 and 3, and was fully invariant and lacked measurement bias in terms of age, gender, and BMI. Associations between latent IES-3 factors and age, gender, and BMI were invariant across Studies 2 and 3. Composite reliability and validity (relationships with disordered eating, embodiment, body image, well-being, and distress; negligible relationship with impression management) of the retained model were also supported. The 12-item IES-3 demonstrates strong psychometric properties in U.S. community adults. Research is now needed using the IES-3 in other cultural contexts and social identity groups.

On the Defensive: Identity, Language, and Partisan Reactions to Political Scandal.

We investigated how individuals judge politicians embroiled in scandal. Drawing on social identity and realistic group conflict theory, we predicted that beyond an overall ingroup bias, partisans would be particularly forgiving of in-party politicians who denied or justified their misconduct rather than apologize for it. By insisting that they did nothing wrong, these politicians defend the public image of their party and signal their commitment to partisan goals. We find qualified support for this prediction across three experiments. Participants did not respond negatively to in-party politicians who apologized but did react more positively to those who denied or justified wrongdoing (relative to silence). These accounts worked only for in-party politicians and were more effective for those whose misconduct furthered their party's agenda or whose seat was high-status or pivotal for party goals. In intergroup contexts like politics, people may accept explanations for misconduct that they would otherwise find offensive.

The Structures of Dialect as the Founding Element of Social Identity: The Case of Bursa City

Identity is a concept that consists of many concrete and abstract elements, both individually and socially. Individuals form groups emotionally and consciously within the framework of this concept and build different social identities. Social identity brings individuals together within their groups around similarities and differences, completing it as an integral part of their own self. Social identity constructs individuals and groups in societies by representing them with many character traits and self-creation motivation. Language is one of the most important characteristics in self-motivation and representation in the social identities of individuals and groups. Spoken language and its varieties (dialects) shape the identity of the individual throughout their life from birth and help them to reveal their subjectivity within the framework of a separate social group identity. Spoken language and its varieties (accent/idiom/dialect) shape the identity of the individual throughout their life and help them to reveal their subjectivity within the framework of social group identity. The subject of this study is the status of the dialect element as one of these preserved features constituting and developing the social identity of the individual in the city of Bursa. Data were collected through field research, using the qualitative analysis method. As the structure of dialects is most intensively observed in villages, the sample consisted of people selected only from the villages of Bursa city, mountain villages in particular. The people chosen in terms of representation ability were individuals with different characteristics pertaining to education, age, and occupational groups. The linguistic features and structure of the dialect used in Bursa are not examined in the study. The aim of the study is to reveal, with the qualitative field study conducted with the source persons, that the social identity approach is one of the representations that builds the individual and society.

A surprising lack of consequences when constraining language

IntroductionLabels considered normatively appropriate for specific social identity groups change. Researchers have examined the effects of censorship and slur usage, but minimal research examines the psychological consequences of imposing new language constraints on people.MethodsAcross four samples of university students (Ntotal = 997), we sought participants' compliance in avoiding usage of numerous commonplace group labels while they wrote essays about obese people (Sample 1) or specific ethnic groups (Samples 2-4).ResultsWe observed consistently high compliance rates: participants either invented novel terminology to describe the group or avoided group labels entirely. We observed a substantial absence of task discomfort, attitudinal shifts regarding the group, or motivational shifts, according to Bayesian analyses. Nor did we detect negative effects of language constraint among people who saw themselves as opposed to censorship.DiscussionAlthough free speech and respectful language remain a multifaceted social debate, our findings show that university students are willing to follow even completely contrived language directives when describing social identity groups and to do so without substantial discomfort or backlash against those groups.

Prehistory to History: A New Archaeological Approach to Knowledge Transmission and the Inception of Literacy in Central Europe

This paper reviews archaeological research on the transmission of writing knowledge between literate and pre-literate societies. It proposes the use of productive approaches, such as cultural epidemiology and cultural attraction theory (CAT). The case study focuses on East-Central Europe and discusses the role of writing in the construction of social group identity and the transition from local communities with a prehistoric mindset to a historically acting society during the first millennium AD. The study collects relevant archaeological records of Early Mediaeval writing and explains them using reflective archaeology. It is shown that interactions between literate and pre-literate societies are highly complex social processes that function not only at the cultural and cognitive levels of individuals but also among larger groups of people. By combining cultural attraction theory with empirical archaeological data, this study formulates a conclusive explanation for the introduction of writing among Europe’s Slavic-speaking population.