Social Forestry Schemes Research Articles

Hutan Nagari Simancuang: Pengelolaan Hutan Skema Perhutanan Sosial di Kabupaten Solok Selatan

The aim of this research is to describe and explain social forestry scheme forest management in Jorong Simancuang, South Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province. The research method uses a descriptive approach with data collection through interviews. The Infoman consists of the Nagari Forest Management Institute (LPHN), the Social Forestry Business Group (KUPS), community leaders, companions of the Indonesian Conservation Group (KKI) Warsi and the Farmers' Group. The results of this research show that social forestry is present in the Jorong Simancuang Village community, strengthening the legitimacy of the community's desire to protect their forests as a source of water for agriculture and forests as a source of farming economy.

PERANAN KELEMBAGAAN KELOMPOK USAHA PERHUTANAN SOSIAL HUTAN ADAT DI NEGERI HUTUMURI KECAMATAN LEITIMUR SELATAN KOTA AMBON

Customary Forest is one of the social forestry schemes in the framework of sustainable forest management by utilizing indigenous communities as the main actors in order to improve welfare, environmental balance and socio-cultural dynamics. Customary Forest is a forest located within the territory of the customary law community. This study aims to examine the role of the Social Forestry Business Group (SFBG) and customary institutions in the management of Customary Forests in Hutumuri village.. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collected through interviews and field observations. Sampling is done by purposive sampling where sampling is based on previously known characteristics or properties of the population (Sugiyono, 2016). The results showed that SFBG has an important role in managing forest resources sustainably and improving the welfare of local communities. SFBG functions in social forestry business development, compliance with regulations, supervision, evaluation, and reporting. The SFBG organizational structure includes a chairperson, secretary, treasurer, planning, implementation, and supervision, each with specific roles. Customary institutions also play an important role in the planning and implementation of institutional improvement programs, such as the inauguration of soa heads and saniri negeri, the establishment of SFBG, and training on forest product processing. In addition, there is a role in the application for the determination of customary forests to the Minister of Environment and Forestry, the location of customary forests belongs to the state or Soa, and the marking of boundaries involves each Soa. In conclusion, the synergy between SFBG and customary institutions is crucial for the successful management of Hutan Adat in Negeri Hutumuri.

Refusal of Village Forest as Petalangan People Politic of Value in Community-Based Ecosystem Revitalization in Riau Indonesia

This study is about the ethnography of the dynamics of Village Forest refusal as politic of value of the Petalangan People in Gondai Village, Pelalawan, Riau, in a community-based ecosystem revitalization of Teso Nilo (RETN) scheme. They refuse the social forestry scheme, which was proposed by themselves and a local non-governmental organization (NGO) and legalized by the state in 2017. The use of the refusal theory, relation of property, politic of value, and value commensuration approaches in studies of tenure claims by Indigenous people such as the Petalangan people, shows that the refusal here is the strategy of Indigenous People to get possibilities on claiming and using their land for commodity plantation such as palm oil and any of benefit to their interest, not as social forestry scheme regulates by government that some part of the forests must have the conservation zone. The Village Forest land at Mamahan Hamlet claimed by the Petalangan People full of palm oil plantations, housing, and all the public facilities for one hamlet. It shows from the relation of property of Petalangan People that the location of village forest is now under the control and ownership of migrants from North Sumatra, and only 1% of the total 9021 hectares are owned by themselves. The study found how NGO actors failed to mitigate conflict from internal politics inside the Petalangan People and only focused on how the legalization of Village Forests can be a solution to restore the Teso Nilo ecosystem. The implication is the revitalization of the ecosystem is only successful for legalizing the land and reducing conflict between the state and the Indigenous People, not for improving the environmental condition of the ecosystem. The theory used in this study gives nuance to the limited study using value theory to analyze the social forestry and Indigenous People that already have mono-crop culture livelihood in just the past two decades in Indonesia

POLA TANAM DAN SISTEM SILVIKULTUR PADA SKEMA PERHUTANAN SOSIAL DI KULON PROGO, D.I. YOGYAKARTA

Social forestry is a scheme chosen by the government to improve community welfare by providing legal access to communities to manage forests. One of the social forestry schemes implemented in Kulon Progo is Community Forestry. This scheme has great potential to be developed with a multi-use forestry management model. Therefore, a review of the silvicultural aspect is needed to understand the forest management model currently implemented. This research aims to identify tree species, planting patterns and silvicultural systems implemented by Community Forestry at Production Forests in Kulon Progo. The research was conducted from August to October 2023 in Plot 17 and Plot 19 of RPH Kokap, BDH Kulon Progo-Bantul. Observations were made by making measurement plots of 20 m x 40 m of each plot and then recording the name of tree species, coordinates, height, diameter, height without branches, and canopy width. The data were then analyzed using Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator (SexI-FS) software version 2.1.0. to see the projected planting pattern. The results of the research showed that tree species planted in the Community Forestry were teak (Tectona grandis), acacia (Acacia mangium), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), paperback (Melaleuca leucadendron), and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus ). These species were planted using a mixed planting pattern with the silviculture system of selective logging with artificial regeneration.

Enhancing Tenure Security: A Case Study of the Social Forestry Scheme in the State Forestry Corporation, Malang District, East Java

The Social Forestry Program was a government initiative that yielded significant outcomes and provided unprecedented access and opportunities to the community. One notable change has occurred in the Perhutani area through a scheme known as IPHPS. This scheme provides long-term tenure security to forest farmers with higher returns than before. In addition, extensive experience in addressing tenure conflicts in the Perhutani area, a State Forestry Corporation (SFC), has prompted communities to apply for the IPHPS scheme. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the dynamics of changes in access and assess their implementation using the concept of property rights as a framework. The results showed that the IPHPS scheme provided community groups the right to manage forests but needed more flexibility to decide on the use of resources. In addition, the management patterns regulation had a significant responsibility to restore forest conditions. Furthermore, this research proposed new rights, particularly management rights, for community groups to manage their forest resources up to the operational level and improve forest conditions. In addition, the absence of a management authority caused difficulties in achieving social forestry's objective of increasing local communities' role in managing their forest resources.

Management of coffee agroforestry systems: lessons learned from a social forestry program in West Java, Indonesia

Indonesia has a long history of social forestry (SF). The essence of this scheme is to involve the community in managing state forests. The agroforestry system is the main choice, with trees already on forest land. The combination of trees and crops provides an alternative livelihood for the community. Coffee plants are one of the choices for undergrowth plants. This study aims to explain the management of coffee agroforestry in social forestry programs. The method used was direct observation in the field combined with a focus group discussion involving six Forest Village Community Institutions (LMDH) with 15 respondents for each LMDH. The results showed that farmers mainly chose coffee because it was shade-tolerant, allowing it to grow well under tree stands. Coffee management in SF with an agroforestry system differs from a monoculture cultivation system in terms of spacing, number of coffee plants per hectare, land preparation techniques, planting, maintenance, and productivity. The government can encourage the management of coffee agroforestry systems in state forests through social forestry schemes by providing training and facilities to increase the added value of coffee in advanced products, providing access to production facilities, capital, and markets, and institutionally strengthening farmer groups.

Navigating Mangrove Protection: A Jurisdictional Approach to Climate Action in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract Mangrove ecosystems in Indonesia, essential for coastal protection and carbon sequestration, are under severe threat from deforestation. This article emphasizes their significance and their role in Indonesia’s climate change mitigation strategies. Their carbon sequestration capacity is substantial, potentially preventing significant CO2 emissions. Indonesia is committed to climate change mitigation, with its Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution focusing on the Forest and Other Land Use (folu) sector, where mangroves are pivotal. However, optimizing this potential and involving local communities present challenges due to weak enforcement, policy conflicts, and limited community engagement. Based on a case study in South Sumatra, this study highlights the importance of involving local governments and communities in mangrove conservation efforts as a climate change mitigation measure. By applying a jurisdictional approach, especially through social-forestry schemes (e.g. Village Forests and mangrove-based ecotourism), local governments can play a crucial role in preserving mangrove ecosystems, integrating them into climate policies, and supporting community empowerment while achieving climate change mitigation goals.

Cultural Values and Behaviors of the Dayak and Malay Communities in the Social Forestry Program in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan

This article explores the cultural values and behaviors of the Dayak and Malay communities in supporting the Social Forestry Program in the Northern Kapuas Hulu Forest Management Unit (FMU), Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan. The research aims to understand the cultural values and behaviors of the Dayak and Malay communities that can significantly contribute to the success of the social forestry program. The research method involves literature review and in-depth interviews with traditional community figures and experts in community engagement. The study was conducted under the Foreign Grant Project from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Data for the research was collected from 2021 to 2022. The main findings of this research include the necessity of high respect for the Dayak community's ancestors and an understanding of the key role of traditional figures in determining the program's success. The results of the social forestry program applications in three villages in Northern Kapuas Hulu FMU, including three schemes: Customary Forest, Village Forest, and Conservation Partnership, were approved covering a total of 16,031 Ha and benefiting 729 indigenous family households, including 228 women. The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of aligning social forestry schemes with community preferences and gaining full support from the Chief of the Adat. Intensive consultation processes are required to obtain community support, while a deep understanding of local culture and interaction with forest resources is crucial for success.

EVALUASI KINERJA HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN GAPOKTAN ALAM LESTARI RESORT JANGKOK KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN RINJANI BARAT

NTB Province is committed to implementing the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 9 of 2021 which states that there is a need to increase the economic activities of residents living around forests through social forestry schemes. The most popular social forestry scheme is HKm. The HKm scheme is of more interest to the people of NTB because it aims to improve the welfare of communities around the forest and its implementation can be carried out in protected and production forests. Based on the above problems, it is necessary to conduct research related to the evaluation of HKm management of Gapoktan Alam Lestari in order to find out the economic, ecological and social aspects regulatedinPerdirjen Perhutanan Sosial dan Kemitraan Lingkungan No.P.9/PSKL/PKPS/KUM.1/10/2019. Descriptive method was used in this research. A snowball sampling approach was used to determine respondents. Gapoktan Alam Lestari obtained a medium score (75%) in its evaluation.

Monitoring forest gain and loss based on LandTrendr algorithm and Landsat images in KTH Pati social forestry area, Indonesia

Social forestry schemes are now being implemented in numerous state forest areas in Indonesia, aiming to reduce deforestation and improve the community’s livelihood. However, spatial monitoring in the social forestry area is still limited to see how the implementation progresses. The present study aimed to identify the change of forest taking a case in Pati Forest Farmer Communities (KTH Pati) social forestry area from 1996 to 2022 using the LandTrendr algorithm based on Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) value of Landsat image series. The results detected forest loss and gain covering an area of 453.97 ha and 494.18 ha, respectively. Two main reasons causing the forest loss are the country’s financial and political situation from 1997 to 2003 and the harvest of forest plantations in 2017–2018. However, it was found that the study area had a positive forest gain with the current continuous growth of 292.32 ha (20.16% of the total area). Even though the social forestry policy has not significantly shown a positive impact on forest growth, spatial monitoring through remote sensing can be a great tool for observing the progress.

Recognition and Determination of Customary Forests of Indigenous Peoples in the West Sumatra Province, Indonesia

Forests are a natural resource used by communities around the forest to support their lives, including the Customary Law Community or Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA). However, various tenurial conflicts are often encountered in forest utilization, such as claims over forest areas. The basis of the problem, which then causes the community around the forest, often conflicts with government policies. However, the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision No.35/PUU-X/2012 provides a form of recognition to MHA in managing forests and determines customary forests as the forest within the territory of MHA. This research will focus on two issues: first, how is the recognition and determination of customary forest by MHA after the presence of the Constitutional Court Decision No.35/PUU-X/2012. Second, how are efforts to recognize and determine customary forests through social forestry schemes in the Province of West Sumatra. To answer the focus of the study, this study used normative juridical research methods with descriptive research specifications and analyzed them through library research. The conclusion of this study is obtained.

ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN KELOMPOK TANI HUTAN (KTH) PADA AREA HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN WOLOBOBO (Studi Kasus Desa Rakateda II Kecamatan Golewa Barat, Kabupaten Ngada, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur)

The WoloboboHKm area has experienced encroachment damage which was still found up to 2001 with a total land area of ​​481 hectares and fires that occurred in the last five years covering 117 hectares. To avoid increasing damage, it is necessary to emphasize the people who have an important role, one of the strategies used is the Social Forestry scheme in the form of community forestry (HKm), which involves the community directly as part of the forest ecosystem unit which is seen as one of the stakeholders who will determined to seek sustainable development of forest ecosystems and improve community welfare through the Forest Farmers Group (KTH) institution. The research was carried out in the WoloboboHKm area, Bajawa, Ngada Regency. This research was conducted to analyze the KTH Institutions in the Wolobobo Community Forest Area. The research was conducted for 2 months July - August 2022. Respondents in this study came from 3 KTH with a total of 39 members. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, using Stakeholder analysis with the 4R framework, namely Rights (Rights), Responsibility (Responsibility), Income/return (Results/benefits), Relationships (Relationships). The results of the research obtained through the interview method with the help of a questionnaire note that the Institutional Forest Farmer Group has not been effective due to reduced community development and assistance, reduced awareness of responsibility by each stakeholder role, low community income and relationships between stakeholders that have not worked well.

An adaptive social forestry model in West Papua based on cultural forests and the main potential of NTFPS: Theory and practice

The presence of the Job Creation Law Number 11 of 2020 opened a new discourse on social forestry policy in Indonesia. The discourse on the concept of forest resource management is used as the basis for the theory and practice of local community-based development. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model of adaptive natural resource management for the development of site-scale social forestry. As potential superior Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), the types of Papuan nutmeg and black fruit have been utilized by local communities for generations. A mixed method using descriptive system analysis was used in developing the concept of cultural forest. The results of the study found that a cultural-forest-based adaptive natural resource management scenario in West Papua from case studies on the use of nutmeg in Fakfak and black fruit districts in Teluk Wondama district can be designed as a model for social forestry at the site level. The three landscape typologies of natural forest habitat, secondary forest and home gardens are a systemic-holistic unit that demonstrates certainty of access and ownership for determining site-scale social forestry schemes in West Papua.

PENGELOLAAN HUTAN NAGARI BERDASARKAN SKEMA PERHUTANAN SOSIAL OLEH MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT DI PROPINSI SUMATERA BARAT

Forests are one of the natural resources that are used by communities around the forest to support their lives, including the Indigenous Peoples. However, in forest utilization various tenure conflicts are often encountered, such as claims over forest areas. Forest management by communities living around the forest is often in conflict with government policies. After the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision No.35/PUU-X/2012 it was a form of acknowledgment of Indigenous Peoples in managing forests and designating customary forests as forests within the territory of Indigenous Peoples. In line with the Constitutional Court's decision, the government then launched a Social Forestry program in order to improve people's welfare through forest management. One of the Social Forestry schemes that is the focus of this research is the management of Village Forests (Nagari Forest), which in this case is given to the Indigenous Peoples. There is still a delay in the management permit process because it has to be submitted to the Ministry. Besides that, there are still various tenurial conflicts in forest areas. Based on what was stated, the researcher is interested in examining how the management of Nagari Forest is based on the Social Forestry scheme by Indigenous Peoples, how is the licensing and management of Nagari Forest based on the Social Forestry scheme by Indigenous Peoples, and formulating a pattern of managing Nagari Forest based on the Social Forestry scheme by Indigenous Peoples.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Collaborative Governance dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Adat Tigo Luhah Kemantan di Kabupaten Kerinci Berdasarkan Theory of Constraint

Hutan Adat is one of the forest management schemes in the social forestry setting initiated by the government in 2016. The social forestry program is a form of forest sector management with local wisdom that includes the forest area around the community residence. The forest is managed by local community for their own welfare. The distribution of Hutan Adat in Indonesia is currently widespread, one of which is in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. As part of Hutan Adat that is incorporated in social forestry scheme, Hutan Adat Tigo Luhah Kemantan collaborates with the Jambi Provincial Forestry Service through the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Kerinci Production Forest Management Group Unit 1. However, in its management, there are factors that affect the Collaborative Governance process. So, this study aims to describe two things. First, it describes the inhibiting factors for collaboration internally. Second, it defines the inhibiting factor for collaboration from the external side. Qualitative descriptive is used as the research method of this study. This qualitative research is intended to understand the phenomenon of inhibiting the collaborative governance process in the management of Hutan Adat Tigo Luhah Kemantan, Kerinci. This research was conducted at Hutan Adat Tigo Luhah by using interview, observation, and documentation study techniques. The results showed that there were two internal factors that influenced the collaboration process, namely (1) inconsistent management of Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (KUPS), and (2) inadequate human resources. In addition, there is also one factor that influences externally from outside the collaboration, namely market constraints.

Ecofeminist Review of Women's Participation in Ecotourism Development Through Social Forest Scheme in the Province of Bangka Belitung

The region of Bangka Belitung Province, in its economic distribution, focuses heavily on the mining and plantation sectors on community forest land belonging to social forestry, which causes much damage to the coastal forest ecosystem due to mining production and has an effect on the decline of the community's economic system due to the unproductive mining land in the area. Even with the dominance of the mining area, women have a very subordinate position. The community's economic welfare is highly dependent on the participation of men. For this reason, the Bangka Belitung regional government has implemented the Social Forestry Program through the Ecotourism scheme to improve some of these problems, prioritizing the concept of gender mainstreaming and involving the role of women in ecotourism management and sustainable economic development. This paper will further analyze the benefits of social forestry schemes for the improvement of environmental ecosystems in the Bangka Belitung region and see the importance of women's participation in supporting efforts to maintain the sustainability of forest resources as well as achieving gender equality in aspects of forest management as well as improving the economy of communities around Bangka Belitung forests from an ecofeminist perspective. . This study uses previous research literature studies to strengthen the author's argument in analyzing the issues raised, the author uses the theory of ecofeminism. The resulting conclusion is that women are not only complementary or complementary but also play an essential role as decision-makers and drivers of community economic empowerment. Around the forest, by utilizing the status of social forestry land in the structure of ecotourism utilization and can achieve gender equality in its management.

Analysis of income from pine resin tapping on Forest Farmers Groups in partnership with UPT KPH Region II Pematang Siantar

The forestry partnership pattern is a social forestry scheme which is an empowerment program that prioritizes the principles of agreement, equality, mutual benefit, local specificity, trust, transparency and participation in its implementation. One of the partnership patterns adopted by UPT. KPH Region II Pematang Siantar is pine resintapping. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the income of pine resin tappers in farmer groups partnering with UPT. KPH Region II Pematang Siantar. The research was conducted in a qualitative descriptive manner using primary and secondary data. A total of 70 members of the forest farmer group (KTH) from the Mantap Cooperative of Sibaganding Village, were taken as respondents in this study. The method used is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using expert choice software. The data collection method is Focus Group Discussion (FGD). From the results of weighting with AHP, it was obtained that the determinants of the income of the pine resin tappers of the Mantap Cooperative were the price (0.41), followed by the number of trees being tapped (0.26), the weather (0.13), the distance from the tapping location (0.10) and gender (0.08). The value of the level of inconsistency in this study is 0.07.

Promoting agroforestry for increasing land cover and sustaining livelihood through Social Forestry schemes in Indonesia

Proper management of Indonesian tropical forests is addressed to realize the community’s welfare and forest sustainability. Agroforestry is a smart solution to provide balance in ecological, economic, and social benefits. This paper is aimed to provide plant growth and survival rate data in the establishment of agroforestry demonstration plots in three different schemes of Social Forestry in Indonesia, namely Paru Village Forest (PVF) in West Sumatra, Cempaka Forestry Partnership in Lampung, and Tuar Tana Community Forestry (TCF) in East Nusa Tenggara. Twenty-six plant species, both forest trees and seasonal crops, were planted at all sites by applying agroforestry models. All planted species were planted based on site-specific suitability regarding different climate regime and their social pReferences. The survival rate and plant height were observed at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months after planting (MAP). The best result of plants’ survival rate was found in PVF at 12 and 18 MAP, respectively 93.5% and 78.9% supported by the high community participation in tending their crops. Plants’ survival rate in TCF was relatively low, amounted 43.2%, due to the drought affecting the plant growth in this semi-arid region, even though the forest farmers have a high effort in tending their crops.

Potential of Community Resources in Empowerment Blocks and Special Region in AwotaProduction Forest Management Units in Supporting Social Forestry Activities: A Case Study in Indonesia

A Forest Management Unit (FMU) is a forest management area in accordance with its main functions and designations that can be managed efficiently and sustainably, as mandated in Law no. 41 of 1999 on forestry. The existence of communities in forest areas with all the potential resources that have been owned and managed so far will certainly have implications for forest management activities in the field. This paper aims to provide information about the potential resources owned by farming communities in empowerment blocks and certain areas in the KPHP Awota Model area in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted in September 2016 - January 2017. Data collection was carried out through Observation, Resources Mapping, Indepth Interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and documentation studies with groups of farming communities in and around forest areas in empowerment blocks or certain regional blocks. The results showed that the potential resources of the farming community in the empowerment block and certain areas include land resources, human resources, financial resources (farmers' capital resources), and norms or farmer institutional resources. Based on this potential: KPHP Model Awota as forest manager at the site level can collaborate with the community through a social forestry scheme with a partnership pattern in empowerment blocks and certain areas.

Discretion and Interpretation of Indonesia Social Forestry by Local Forest Bureaucrats: Evidence from Yogyakarta Special Region Province

Social forestry policies can be effectively implemented if lower forestry bureaucrats can translate these policies on an operational scale. In the Street Level Bureaucracy theory, the discretion of front-line bureaucrats also colors the course of public policy implementation. This study aims to explore the discretion and interpretation of Indonesia social forestry policies by local forestry bureaucrats. This research uses a documentary study, using policy documents issued by the Provincial Government of Yogyakarta and interview materials of 14 source persons from the local forestry bureaucrats and forest farmer group collected by Lutviah (2019). The results show some policy instruments regulate the mechanism and profit-sharing of social forestry management. The discretion prove the local forestry bureaucrats prefer forestry partnership cooperation schemes to the licensing schemes (i.e., community forestry or Hutan Kemasyarakatn). Ecotourism environmental services are also preferred to the timber forest products due to the complexity and complicated procedures for timber harvesting. This study indicates that there is a creative discretion of local forestry bureaucrats in implementing Indonesia social forestry with the motive of obtaining local revenue from social forestry schemes, but some policy recommendation should be improved by the central government to accelerate the adoption of social forestry nationally.