Social Field Research Articles

Medical Legal Aspects of Expert Investigations in the Crime of Child Kidding

Infanticide represents the type of homicide that most expresses the cruelty of this crime, the characteristics of this fact demand an expertise of extreme quality due to the constant and rapid changes of traces and evidence useful for subsequent forensic determinations. When the violent death of the product of conception occurs, the medico-legal autopsy becomes the decisive procedure for the case to proceed or not with the accusation, the precision of being born alive is the key determination and at the same time the challenge for the forensic doctors, to specify if there was extrauterine life or not defines in many legislations the status of "person", this is the reason for serious debates that include the scientific, legal, social and religious field. The physical examination of the puérpera, the inspection of the place of the fact by the forensic experts even when the product of conception is in the same and the medico-legal autopsy are the three essential procedures. From the above analysis we propose a guide with practical theoretical elements to be taken into account in the medico-legal action for the investigation of this criminal typology, in addition to specifying the causes and circumstances that mediated in the fact.

Improvement Path of Legal System Related to ChatGPT Application Combined with Decision Tree Algorithm

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely used in the social and legal fields, and ChatGPT, after AI painting, has once again set off a wave of discussion on whether AI and its generated works can obtain legal protection. Starting from the theoretical orientation of the origin of ChatGPT legal governance, this paper proposes the legal positioning and layered governance framework of ChatGPT application. It explores the role mechanism of ChatGPT empowering legal modernization and combs through the realistic dilemmas of ChatGPT-generated content data compliance legalization. To effectively analyze legal risks in the process of the ChatGPT application, data crawling technology and SMOTE oversampling technology are utilized to obtain ChatGPT application data and produce datasets. The Stacking integration strategy is introduced to combine the Random Forest in the Decision Tree Algorithm, GBDT algorithm, and Support Vector Machine to construct the legal risk prediction model of the ChatGPT application. For the effectiveness of the model, the ChatGPT application dataset is used to analyze the accuracy, ROC curve, and AUC value, which provides a reference for improving the legal system related to the ChatGPT application. The results show that the accuracy of the SVM classifier reaches 0.839, the correctness of the GBDT model is 0.947, and the AUC value of ChatGPT legal risk prediction based on the Stacking integration strategy is 0.947. Based on the inspiration of the decision tree algorithm, the improvement of the legal system related to the ChatGPT application should be improved in terms of generating content and allocating risk. Based on the insights of the decision tree algorithm, the improvement of the legal system related to the ChatGPT application should be made based on the dimensions of generation content and risk allocation.

Primary school teachers’ attitudes towards experimentation in physics teaching

The physics’ subject aims to provide the student with a broad understanding of the physical phenomena that occur around them every day and introduce them to the scientific search. The use of experiments in the teaching of the subject contributes to the understanding of these phenomena, the development of skills and critical thinking and has many benefits for the emotional, social and psychomotor fields of the students. In total, 178 primary school teachers who have taught physics from West Greece, were enrolled in our study. All participants completed a questionnaire electronically, based on teachers’ attitudes towards physics teaching on specific factors. No differences were found between genders, teachers’ attitudes towards the use of physics experiments are not affected by their years of service with minor exceptions, while teachers develop more positive attitudes towards experiments over the years of teaching physics. Moreover, teachers’ field of study plays an important role on their attitudes towards experiments, there are no differences to the age group of teachers and their attitude towards the use of experiments in the teaching of physics with an exception. Though further research is needed, our questionnaire helps to identify factors that affect teachers’ attitudes towards performing experiments in physics teaching.

Austerity and financialization: the construction of the reformist discourse in the Brazilian social security field

Resumo O artigo busca traçar um panorama na construção dos discursos reformistas no campo previdenciário brasileiro pós-Constituição Federal de 1988. Para tanto, estabelece uma análise das exposições de motivos anexadas às Propostas de Emendas Constitucionais (PECs) e que justificam os projetos submetidas ao Parlamento brasileiro. O estudo tem como pressupostos teórico-metodológicos a análise de discurso crítica (ADC), buscando responder em que medida as concepções de austeridade e financeirização permeiam o processo de construção dos discursos que justificam a proposição das reformas previdenciárias. É também objetivo deste trabalho desvelar as ideologias presentes nos discursos. Os resultados apontam que os ideais capitalistas pautados pela lógica da financeirização e da austeridade aparecem na construção dos discursos das reformas, o que demonstra sua influência sobre a construção discursiva de seus autores, inferindo uma filiação das reformas a essas concepções hegemônicas. Conclui-se que a ADC é um importante meio para compreender os processos que envolvem as políticas públicas, desde sua formulação até sua avaliação.

Eco-Friendly Product: The Role of Pounding Ecoprint Training on Green Economy

The problems found in PPR Kerinchi are the natural potential of the area that has not been utilized properly, the lack of skills in managing the potential of this community group, the majority of whom are housewives with minimal income. The International Community Service Program is carried out to provide solutions by utilizing the natural potential of PPR Kerinchi and increasing the ability of BMT recipient members to create an eco-friendly product by utilizing the natural potential in their area. This study aims to determine the differences between before-and-after the community service program by holding training in making ecoprints by utilizing natural materials found in the surrounding environment, thus providing direct benefits to people’s lives in the social and economic fields as well as improving the quality of resources through empowering BMT recipient mothers, in PPR Kerinchi also supports the creation of a green economy. The study revealed that the pounding ecoprint training can support the green economy by providing community members with skills to create eco-friendly products, thus increasing their income. Additionally, incorporating online market training empowers these communities to reach broader markets, further enhancing their income growth. The findings demonstrate the importance of increasing the community capacities in utilizing local natural potential and improving community welfare in supporting the green economy.

HABILIDADES SOCIAIS E PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: PANORAMA DAS PESQUISAS BRASILEIRAS

ABSTRACT Research about the social skills field has been growing in recent decades and, in parallel, studies that seek to systematize what has been produced. This study aimed to characterize, through a literature review, empirical studies carried out by Brazilian authors published in journals that directly investigate the social skills of people with disabilities. A search was carried out in the SciELO, PEPSIC, LILACS, Index Psi, BDENF and Periodicals CAPES databases with the descriptors social skills and social competence, without restriction regarding the period of publication. It was found 43 articles were characterized in terms of bibliographic and methodological aspects. The results indicate a high volume of research with a descriptive design, a higher frequency of participants with intellectual disabilities, a predominance of inventories as a means of evaluation and a scarcity of instrumental research on validation or development of measures. This review may contribute with information to support further research on social skills with people with disabilities.

Social movements and the genesis of LGBT health policy in Bahia, Brazil (1979-2014): initial disputes and possible alternatives.

We conducted a socio-historical study covering the period 1979-2014 to explore the genesis of LGBT health policy in Bahia, Brazil, drawing on Pinell's theoretical framework for the sociological analysis of public policy. To analyze the social space, we investigated the trajectories of the agents involved in policy formulation and the relations between these agents and the national social space and field of State power. The agents were predominantly from the scientific, human rights, sexual rights, feminism and AIDS fields, and had a high level of bureaucratic and militant capital, meaning they were well-versed in LGBT health issues. The historical conditions of possibility underlying the formulation of LGBT health policy included the formalization of the State Technical Committee on LGBT Health in 2014, in an effort to improve access to comprehensive health care for vulnerable groups; and the Bahia without Homophobia plan, which helped expand dialogue around with civil society and social movements and address the main criticisms of policy making.

Figure of Socio-Economic Status, Participation and Empowerment of Women in Decision Making Process: Context Sirajganj Municipal Area of Bangladesh

Bangladesh gained independence on 16 December 1971. Since independence till date, the government has taken various steps to empower women. Despite all these efforts, the economic structure of women’s decision-making process has not yielded the desired results. The main reason is that women’s decisions are not valued in any family, social, political, or economic field. In the present study, we have analyzed the socio-economic status of women and their empowerment in decision-making. In doing so, we look at women’s age, religion, education, occupation, marital status, family status, maintenance, household expenses, adoption, children’s education, property rights, property buying and selling, house building, housework, and health and nutrition.

Os movimentos sociais e a gênese de propostas para a saúde da população LGBT na Bahia, Brasil (1979-2014): disputas iniciais e alternativas possíveis

Abstract We conducted a socio-historical study covering the period 1979-2014 to explore the genesis of LGBT health policy in Bahia, Brazil, drawing on Pinell’s theoretical framework for the sociological analysis of public policy. To analyze the social space, we investigated the trajectories of the agents involved in policy formulation and the relations between these agents and the national social space and field of State power. The agents were predominantly from the scientific, human rights, sexual rights, feminism and AIDS fields, and had a high level of bureaucratic and militant capital, meaning they were well-versed in LGBT health issues. The historical conditions of possibility underlying the formulation of LGBT health policy included the formalization of the State Technical Committee on LGBT Health in 2014, in an effort to improve access to comprehensive health care for vulnerable groups; and the Bahia without Homophobia plan, which helped expand dialogue around with civil society and social movements and address the main criticisms of policy making.

Arithmetic Operations on Generalized Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers

Fuzzy concepts have been widely used to treat imprecision in many fields of natural and social sciences. In most of the natural science fields such as applied mathematics, physics, chemistry, and engineering, triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are commonly used and arithmetic operations on those numbers are studied in detail. On the other hand, in engineering and social science fields such as sociology and psychology, while treating the uncertainties, these numbers are not applicable and fuzzy numbers with more parameters and clear definitions of their arithmetic operations are needed. In order to fill this gap in the literature, in this study we propose the generalized pentagonal fuzzy numbers, and we define fuzzy arithmetic operations based on both extension and the function principle.

Emergence of the Social Economy Organizational Field in Argentina: a Multilevel Processual and Contextual Analysis

Emergence of the Social Economy Organizational Field in Argentina: a Multilevel Processual and Contextual Analysis

Going Beyond Adaptation: An Integrative Review and Ethical Considerations of Semi-Structured Interviews With Elementary-Aged Children

There are currently no methodological frameworks available to conduct semi-structured interviews in the education and social sciences fields with children of primary school age, between 6–12, having no history of trauma or disabilities. To fill this gap, we conducted an integrative review of the literature to uncover current methodological considerations using the PRISMA procedure to search the ERIC, SAGE, ProQuest CBCA, SciELO and Redined databases. 19 methodological articles across multiple disciplines were retrieved and analyzed through inductive content analysis. We found that using traditional semi-structured interviews with children brings inherent challenges and that adaptation of current methods is not sufficient. A preliminary set of interviewing guidelines emphasizing a flexible and laissez-faire approach as well as a list of alternatives to the semi-structured interview for elementary-aged children are proposed, laying the foundations for a much-needed overhaul of current interviewing methods.

Inequality among residents and enterprises in the Latvian online market of digital marketing

Despite the widespread adoption of digital technologies and their potential to break down traditional barriers in business and communication, many Latvian residents and enterprises still lack access to digital marketing tools and the advantages they offer. This article aims to analyze inequality among residents and enterprises in the Latvian online market of digital marketing. The conceptual basis of the study is the technology acceptance model (TAM), the theory of digital divide and the resource approach based on the theory of social fields. For dynamic analysis of statistical data, the con(di)vergence of indicators of the involvement of various socio-demographic and geographical groups of Latvian residents and enterprises in the online market of digital marketing is assessed. The empirical study is based on Latvian statistics for 2013—2022 (for some indicators — 2023). The results of the study show that the development of digital marketing in Latvia is happening very quickly, but the potential for development still remains very large, since with 90 % of Latvian residents regularly (at least once a week) using the internet, more than 30 % of Latvians have not yet made a purchase or order on the internet. The development of digital marketing in Latvia reduces socio-demographic and geographical inequalities among residents and enterprises in the online market in relation to the ‘digital inequality of input’ (access to the online market), but in relation to the ‘digital inequality of output’ (returns from this access) the equalizing opportunities of digital marketing in Latvia (especially in its regions) are limited by the specifics of the functioning of the economy based on social capital. In this economy, models and theories developed for the economy based on innovation practically do not work. The novelty of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the general background and dynamics of the development of the Latvian online market of digital marketing in the context of digital inequality among residents and enterprises.

Siblings, comrades, friends: Kin(g)ship, hierarchy, and equality in Thailand’s youth struggle for democracy

AbstractThis article provides an innovative anthropological analysis of youth activism in contemporary Thailand by examining its past and current manifestations through an unusual theoretical nexus—that between (cosmological) politics and kinship tropes. Against the backdrop of the Buddhist kingdom’s long-standing cult of the ‘Father-King’, the article focuses on the 2020 Thai democracy movement in relation to student demonstrations in the 1970s. It aims to explore the ambiguous permutations in the meanings of kinship that have marked Thai young people’s democratic engagement in a range of social fields—including friendship, siblinghood, and comradeship. Drawing upon archival material, oral histories of student revolts, and extended ethnography with today’s youth activists in a number of political sites—anti-government rallies, universities, and private homes—the article reveals how kin relationships, hierarchies, and affects are entangled in diverse political formations of youth dissent. Through a detailed reading of these complex entanglements, it shows how relationships of ‘equal friendship’ and ‘hierarchical siblinghood’ substantiate the symbolic grounds of Thai youth activism, as conflicting instantiations of ‘filial insubordination’ to monarchical parenthood. While youth activists advocate for an egalitarian, ‘friendship-based’ polity, explicitly questioning the democratic viability of Thailand’s Buddhist kin(g)ship, they are simultaneously caught up in (seemingly inescapable) hierarchical sibling relationships that validate the latter’s ontological legitimacy in practice, generating subtle tensions. It is argued that attention given to the varied cultural shapes of these tensions can make it possible to unearth the deep, kinship-based core of Thai social conflict that is concealed beneath public forms and straightforward political stances.

Globalization, Citizenship and Subjectivity: An analysis of the changes in the last five generations in my family

Human Subjectivities are shaped by one’s social position and practices in the social field. Subjectivities may be durable, but they are changeable. The subjectivities one carries may differ from generation to generation. What I perceive about myself is different from what my parents perceived and what my grandparents perceived and how they developed their subjectivities. We have to see these human subjectivities across time and space. This paper explores the interplay of local, national and global social fields in forming subjectivity and in analyzing the changes in the last five generations in my family. I began my study by looking at the genealogy of Gyawali family. I approached the emergence of such changes through the theoretical lens of Bourdieu, Foucault, and Anderson. As the research problem I wanted to investigate was of a historical nature, the methods that I could choose were already conditioned by that. I picked up oral history research, and biographical interviews as two basic research methods. The changes in the way of life in my family due to such fields can be seen directly in the economy, use of technology, way of life and ultimately in the culture. When we entered into the globalization process the traditional norms and values of the family have transformed with the global way of life. We are becoming more self-reliant and empowered but at the same time, it has also created mental anxiety and stress. New subjectivities and identities have emerged in the last five generations in my family.

The Role of Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction on University Students’ Engagement

Student engagement in academic and non-academic activities on campus is very important for student success in academic and social fields. Self-esteem and life satisfaction have a role in increasing student engagement. This research aims to determine the extent of the simultaneous role of self-esteem and life satisfaction in the student engagement of active university students in Bandung City. The respondents of this research were 397 active university students in Bandung City. The measurement tool used to measure student engagement is USEI (University Student Engagement Inventory). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used to measure self-esteem, while the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLWS) was used to measure life satisfaction. The statistical analysis technique used is Multiple Regression to calculate the simultaneous role of life satisfaction and self-esteem on student engagement. The data processing results show that life satisfaction and self-esteem simultaneously or partially play a positive role in university students’ engagement. When university students have self-esteem and life satisfaction together, their role in student engagement is greater than their respective roles in student engagement. Apart from that, self-esteem plays a bigger role than life satisfaction toward student engagement. Practically, parents and lecturers can provide experiences that support the development of university students' self-esteem and satisfaction with their lives so that it can increase student engagement.

사회복지기관의 학습지원환경이 주관적 조직성과에 미치는 영향: 중간관리자 보수교육 경험의 학습전이 매개효과를 중심으로

This study viewed continuing education for social workers as an axis of ‘Strategic Human Resources Management’ at the organizational level beyond the level of professional improvement and qualification development, and focused on the learning support environment and educational effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the learning support environment affect s organizational performance among middle managers of social service organizations and to verify the mediating effect of learning transfer in continuing education experience. The data for analysis are the results of an online survey conducted in 2022 among middle managers with more than 5 years of experience at social service organizations who completed continuing education for social workers in the Seoul Metropolitan City area. Data from a total of 325 respondents were used in the final analysis. The respondents' level of awareness of the learning support environment was confirmed to be an average of 3.60 points on a 5-point scale, and learning transfer was confirmed to be an average of 3.69 points. As a result of multiple regression analysis, first, the independent variable, learning support environment characteristics, was found to have a significant impact on subjective organizational performance. Second, in the relationship between learning support environment characteristics and subjective organizational performance, it was confirmed that far transfer, among the sub-dimensions that constitute learning transfer, showed a partial mediating effect. The above research results are not significantly different from them for for-profit corporate organizations. In the end, it shows that the learning support environment in continuing education is important in addition to the educational content and ultimately affects organizational performance. As found in for-profit corporate organizations, this suggests that there is a need to reexamine the meaning and importance of continuing education in the social service field at the level of strategic human resource management.

클라이언트의 죽음을 접한 사회복지사

Despite the fact that social workers working at community welfare centers frequently experience the death of clients, there is a lack of research on what social workers experience after encountering the death of clients and what social workers need. This study conducted a focus group interview with 10 social workers who encountered the death of a client while working at a community welfare center, and then analyzed the experiences and needs of social workers using qualitative research methods. As a result of the analysis, 4 topics and 15 categories were derived, such as “facing unbearable times”, “trying to overcome”, “experiencing changes in work”, and “discovering social workers’ needs”. Based on the results of the study, practical proposals were presented for social workers and social work field.

The role of the United Nations in employing sport in the field of achieving sustainable development


 Since its inception, the United Nations has undertaken the responsibility of adopting many goals and programs that seek to achieve development in various political, economic, social, cultural and other fields in various countries of the world. It has also established the implementation of these goals and programs on the ground by relying on whatever means possible and developing strategies for This matter. The issue of the United Nations approach to using sport in its various forms in order to achieve sustainable development at the local and global levels does not arise. It has only worked to employ the sporting tool, with the various aspects it includes, and the organizations and federations that it is based on, directly or indirectly, in order to Embodying the sustainable development goals approved by the United Nations on the ground and benefiting societies and countries from them.

Teenage Pregnancy

This work seeks throughout its topics to present one of the major social problems in the world, teenage pregnancy, highlighting the vision of renowned authors, as well as establishing an understanding of the measures adopted by governments in order to minimize the growth of adolescents who become become mothers. The general objective of the work is to highlight the aspects involved in teenage pregnancy, as for the specific objectives, they are: describe the social view on teenage pregnancy; present the measures or precautions established by the government as a way to minimize pregnancy among teenagers; highlight the relevance of prenatal care for pregnant women. In the process of developing the work, a literary review was carried out, based on works published in the last 11 years, to highlight some of the main concepts and evaluations of authors from both the social and medical fields.