Level Of Social Economic Development Research Articles

Reconstructing village spatial layout to achieve rural revitalization: a case from a typical township in China

Rural revitalization is a strategy proposed by China to address the imbalance and insufficiency of urban and rural development. The purpose of village system reconstruction is to optimize the rural spatial structure and realize the efficient allocation of resource elements, which is of great significance to the overall revitalization of rural areas. This research adopts the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, and the GIS spatial analysis, taking Zhiyang Town as a case, reconstructing the index selection of the village-level system, putting forward a set of complete classification systems through the selecting village scale, resource conditions, social economic development level, industry, and other related data index, and building a village-level evaluation system. The 25 villages in Zhiyang Town were divided into four classes. Different development paths are proposed for different levels of villages. The evaluation of the village development level and reconstruction path of the village hierarchy system has certain practical guiding values for rural construction, which are of great significance for realizing rural revitalization.

Study on the fundraising of horizontal ecological compensation under efficiency and fairness: a case study of the Yellow River Basin in China.

How to raise the ecological compensation fund for the Yellow River Basin is one of the key difficulties for executing the ecological compensation mechanism and ensuring the high-quality development of the entire basin. This paper, which is based on systems theory, analyzes the social-economic-ecological compound system of the Yellow River Basin. It makes the point that the goals of human-water harmony, ecological compensation efficiency improvement, and coordinated regional development should be achieved in raising ecological compensation funds. Guided by the raising targets, a two-layer fundraising model based on efficiency and fairness is constructed for ecological compensation. The upper-level model is built to calculate the ecological compensation efficiency of each compensation subject from an input-output perspective. The initial fundraising scheme was further determined to implement the efficiency principle. Within the framework of sustainable development theory, the lower-level model adheres to the fairness principle based on efficiency. The social-economic development level of the compensation subject is considered to discriminate and optimize the initial scheme. Additionally, the two-layer model was utilized to conduct an empirical analysis with the data of the Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2020. The results show that the optimized fundraising scheme is in line with the actual development level of the Yellow River Basin. This study can provide a reference for the fundraising of horizontal ecological compensation and promote the sustainable development of the whole basin.

Examining clinical capability of township healthcare centres for rural health service planning in Sichuan, China: an administrative data analysis

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the clinical capability of township healthcare centres (THCs), the main primary care providers in rural China, as a basis for rural health service planning.DesignObservational study...

Evaluation of county-level economic efficiency and its spatiotemporal differentiation in Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin urban agglomeration in China

There are many urban agglomerations in mainland China. Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin urban agglomeration is of great importance due to its economic scale and geographical location. The Western part of China is a less-developed area with a lower level of social-economic development. Therefore, it needs more attention from the central government and the academic world to win better opportunities for its development. This paper evaluates the economic efficiency of 30 county units of this urban agglomeration. It finds where the counties with lower efficiency locate and reveals the spatial and temporal pattern evolvement. The Stochastic Frontier Model is used to measure the efficiency of each county unit in this urban agglomeration and the spatial characteristics of which are visualized with ArcGIS. Then, Moran’s Index is used to measure the spatial correlation of economic efficiency among these county units, and the results are presented with a LISA chart. The results show that the county’s economic efficiency has improved steadily during the period covered by this study, and counties with high-efficiency levels have formed a pronounced agglomeration in the eastern part of the study area, and there is a significant positive spatial correlation among these counties. Furthermore, the economic linkage is significantly and positively associated with the economic efficiency of a county; however, a county’s being the core area of a city plays a negative role. The paper implies, based on its findings that the maintenance and upgrading of a county’s transportation network, the improvement of a county’s comprehensive level of development, the expansion of the local market of a county, and the reduction of government expenditure will probably improve the economic efficiency of a county. The study also has implications for future research on economic efficiency. It could contribute to the ongoing debates regarding what affects the economic efficiency of a county and how to improve it.

Persistent eutrophication and hypoxia in the coastal ocean

AbstractCoastal eutrophication and hypoxia remain a persistent environmental crisis despite the great efforts to reduce nutrient loading and mitigate associated environmental damages. Symptoms of this crisis have appeared to spread rapidly, reaching developing countries in Asia with emergences in Southern America and Africa. The pace of changes and the underlying drivers remain not so clear. To address the gap, we review the up-to-date status and mechanisms of eutrophication and hypoxia in global coastal oceans, upon which we examine the trajectories of changes over the 40 years or longer in six model coastal systems with varying socio-economic development statuses and different levels and histories of eutrophication. Although these coastal systems share common features of eutrophication, site-specific characteristics are also substantial, depending on the regional environmental setting and level of social-economic development along with policy implementation and management. Nevertheless, ecosystem recovery generally needs greater reduction in pressures compared to that initiated degradation and becomes less feasible to achieve past norms with a longer time anthropogenic pressures on the ecosystems. While the qualitative causality between drivers and consequences is well established, quantitative attribution of these drivers to eutrophication and hypoxia remains difficult especially when we consider the social economic drivers because the changes in coastal ecosystems are subject to multiple influences and the cause–effect relationship is often non-linear. Such relationships are further complicated by climate changes that have been accelerating over the past few decades. The knowledge gaps that limit our quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the human-coastal ocean nexus are identified, which is essential for science-based policy making. Recognizing lessons from past management practices, we advocate for a better, more efficient indexing system of coastal eutrophication and an advanced regional earth system modeling framework with optimal modules of human dimensions to facilitate the development and evaluation of effective policy and restoration actions.

The dynamics of disability of population in the Russian Federation

The analysis of disability indicators allows to draw conclusions about both level of medical care and quality of therapeutic measures and about level of social economic development of society as a whole. Furthermore, disability is a complex problem including social, economic, medical and other components.The study is devoted to analysis of official statistical data by set of such methods as exploration and generalization of experience, analytical and statistical techniques, monographic description.The study established decreasing of total number of the disabled in the Russian Federation in 2015-2020 in absolute values with simultaneous increasing of both absolute value and share of disabled children. The analysis of the number of the disabled in the Federal Okrugs of the Russian Federation permitted to conclude about retained general trends specific to the Russian Federation. In the structure of disability among individuals recognized as disabled for the first time, share of individuals with the disability group I increased. In individuals recognized as disabled for the first time, the most common diseases are malignant neoplasms (Chapter II) and diseases of cardiovascular system (Chapter IX). Among main persistent functional disorders in individuals recognized as disabled (both for the first time and repeatedly), first rank positions are occupied by conditions encoded in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, in Chapter III (dysfunction of the blood system and immune system), Chapter XIII (violation of neuromuscular, skeletal and movement-related functions), Chapter IX (violation of functions of cardiovascular system).

Review of regional poverty research in geography

Regional poverty is one of the major topics that geographers have paid close attention to and studied for a long time, and the relevant research has provided effective scientific support for the selection of poverty eradication models and strategies, and the formulation of anti-poverty policies.In order to objectively reveal the research characteristics of regional poverty in geographical science, this paper conducts a Bibliometric analysis of relevant research papers from 1976 to 2021 in the Web of Science database.The research results show that: (1) The number of literature published in the field of regional poverty has generally increased.It can be divided into three phases: a germination period before 1991, a growth period from 1992 to 2008, and a high-yield period after 2009.The frequency of citations in the literature indicates that although the field is not yet mature, it intersects with and is favored by multiple disciplines.(2) Sixty-five countries/regions have produced papers in the field of regional poverty, with the top 10 countries ranking in order: the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, China, Canada, India, Spain, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands.Among them, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands are at the center of international cooperation, with the United States, the United Kingdom and China working most closely together.Among the corresponding authors of different nationalities, Chinese scholars pay the most attention to scientific research cooperation, while German scholars prefer independent research.(3) The key words of regional poverty in geographical research can be summarized into three categories.The first category focuses on the measurement and driving mechanism of regional poverty; the second category focuses on the differences of regional poverty among different groups, and emphasizes the role of government management; the third category often studies regional poverty in combination with social economic development level and employment.(4) The thematic evolution analysis shows that the research on regional poverty was exploratory and scattered before 2008.There was little difference in the degree of attention that researchers paid to the whole, local or individual themes during this period.After 2009, the research themes on regional poverty became more focused, and focuses on the theme with more holistic characteristics.Around on the core issue of regional poverty, research related to economy, development and culture have gradually become a hot spot.According to the existing research, this paper predicts the key directions of the research on regional poverty in the future: strengthening the theoretical research on regional poverty, carrying out integrated research in the field of regional poverty and other disciplines, and continuing to focus on the research themes in the field of regional poverty, and closely linking with poverty reduction measures.

Analysis of spatial patterns and driving factors of provincial tourism demand in China

Modeling and forecasting tourism demand across destinations has become a priority in tourism research. Most tourism demand studies rely on annual statistics with small sample sizes and lack research on spatial heterogeneity and drivers of tourism demand. This study proposes a new framework for measuring inter-provincial tourism demand's spatiotemporal distribution using search engine indices based on a geographic perspective. A combination of spatial autocorrelation and Geodetector is utilized to recognize the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of tourism demand in 2011 and 2018 in 31 provinces of mainland China and detect its driving mechanisms. The results reveal that the spatial distribution of tourism demand manifests a vital stratification phenomenon with significant spatial aggregation in the southwest and northeast of China. Traffic conditions, social-economic development level, and physical conditions compose a constant and robust interaction network, which dominates the spatial distribution of tourism demand in different development stages through different interactions.

ПІДҐРУНТЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЮ ФЕРМЕРСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ

The article is devoted to revealing the theoretical essence of the category of “competition”. The authors stress on the importance of studying the problem of competitiveness management because it is a necessary condition to achieve farms’ profitability in the future. Competitiveness is a prerequisite for future farm profitability. Competitiveness management is focused on strategic changes in farming environment. The dynamic external environment of farms’ operation requires their fast response to make operative decisions, continuous development and correction of tactic and strategic plans. It is noted that increase of the level of competitiveness is an element of general management of farms. Moreover, management of farms’ competitiveness should be not just a key goal of farmers, but the task of regional and national development. The process should result in maintenance of high living standards of rural residents, creation of favorable conditions for comfortable living on rural area, moderation and decrease of disproportion in the levels of social-economic development of rural territories. The research outlines the integrated complex of the external and internal factors’ impact on the level of farms’ competitiveness. In terms of management, impact of each factor sets tasks for managers. It is substantiated that competitiveness depends on the degree of farms’ innovative development. The authors identify main structural elements of the systems of farms’ competitiveness management. Specificity of the farms’ competitiveness management is determined by the character and volume of production; specialization and opportunity of production diversification. Inconformity of actual and expected levels of farms’ competitiveness forces the need of a managerial decision or managerial impact to bring the actual conditions to the expected ones. It is determined that a key task of the farms’ competitiveness management is to maintain permanent long-lasting rise of competitive advantages in the changeable conditions of external environment. The result of this process should be ensuring high living standards of rural residents, creating favorable conditions for comfortable living in rural areas, reducing disparities in the levels of socio-economic development of rural areas.

The Determinent of Globalization, Political Analysis and Economic Development in South Sudan: A Case of Jubek State

This study aimed at providing a broader understanding of how Globalization and Political system affect Social-economic development of South Sudan. The objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between Globalization and Social-economic development of South Sudan, analyse the relationship between Political system and Social-economic development of South Sudan and to study the factor structure of Globalization and Political system on Social-economic development of South Sudan. The study employed a case study and descriptive design while using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study population was 405, selected using purposive and simple random sampling technique. The sample size determination was made using Krejcie and Morgan Table(1970) formula. The sample size was 231. The data analysis was made using Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS 20). The major findings of the study were that there was a positive relationship between; Globalization and Social-economic development (r = 0.752, P-value < 0.01), Political system and Social-economic development (r = 0.556, P-value < 0.01) and lastly variables explained (R= 0.574) a combination of Globalization and Political system in assessing the level to which they can predict the level of Social-economic development in Jubek State. The study recommends that the quality of governance and corruption rate in the country should be determinants of whether to provide or withhold funds to the Country or not, and it should also be criteria in deciding to which government institution or outside the government like NGO such funding should be provided, there is need for import substitution in some sectors of the economy to stimulate domestic infant industries in the country, International actors can support good leadership by rewarding good governance and sanctioning the opposite and that the government should also as a matter necessity promote and ensure transparency, accountability, rule of law and fundamental human rights in the country.

Social-economic Development of the United Territorial Communities and Development of a Strategy for Sustainable Development (сase of Ukraine)

The unification of territorial communities allows forming an effective and convenient system of management of the territory in which they live. However, the unification of territorial communities in Ukraine is uneven, which raises the question of why this is happening. The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of social-economic development of united territorial communities in Ukraine and the choice of sustainable development strategies (adaptation, innovation, anti-crisis) for UTCs of different levels, identify problems of social-economic development and outline areas to address them. Research methods: generalization and scientific abstraction; system-structural and comparative analysis; economic and mathematical modeling; clustering. It has been established that the unification of different territories in Ukraine took place unevenly (with different levels of social-economic development). The study found that the unification of different territories in Ukraine took place unevenly due to different levels of their socio-economic development. It has been established that throughout Ukraine, communities with a low and high level of development predominate and to a lesser extent with a medium level of development. According to the results of the analysis, territorial communities were grouped into 3 regional clusters: cluster 1 – UTCs and territories with a high level of social-economic development (Kyiv and 9 regions); cluster 2 – UTCs and territories with an average level of social-economic development (6 regions); cluster 3 – UTCs and territories with a low level of social-economic development (10 regions). It has been proved that the social-economic development of UTCs is ensured by the improvement of financial, innovative, and investment activities of enterprises operating in communities. It has been proposed to apply an adaptation strategy of sustainable development for the territories of cluster 1; for cluster 2 - innovative strategy of sustainable development; for cluster 3 - anti-crisis strategy of sustainable development. Continuation of research in terms of determining the impact of enterprises on the socio-economic development of UTCs is promising not only in scientific terms but also to address the applied problems of developing a strategy for sustainable development at the level of individual UTCs in Ukraine. The studied methodology for the unification of territorial communities can be used to predict the further formation of UTCs in Ukraine and can be applied for territorial and administrative reforms in countries with uneven regional development.

Dynasties and brand names in the political sphere of the post-industrial society

During the formation of contemporary democracy, its ideologists strived to create a management mechanism that did not resemble monarchy at all, so that to emphasize the radical nature of social-political changes in the transition from pre-industrial to industrial society. The dynastic transfer of power in all its manifestations and at all levels of governance was denounced as outdated, ineffective, and violating the very foundations of the peoples will. The article shows that, despite the initial criticism, dynasties are widespread in contemporary politics. The family is a part of politics and systems of public administration in a truly post-industrial form - as a brand, image, and symbol. The transition to the post-industrial society predetermines a change in the attitude to dynasties and their role not only in politics but also in systems of interaction with the population (electorate). Based on the analysis of other research and authors data on political dynasties at different levels of government in 17 countries, the article proves the changing attitude to political dynasties even within democratic systems. Political dynasties increasingly often contribute to the creation and expansion of social networks, establishing sustainable political ties, ensuring gender presentation in government, etc. There are numerous manifestations of dynasties in countries with different levels of social-economic development (developed and developing) and different types of government (authoritarian and democratic) due to the application of marketing thinking and technologies in politics. Dynasties allow to effectively use the family potential to create and promote political brands, to ensure sustainable social choices of political candidates and parties, to facilitate political socialization of new generations and relative predictability of politicians behavior, who would follow a family line in making important decisions.

Spatial Identification of Housing Vacancy in China

The housing vacancy rate (HVR) is an important index in assessing the healthiness of residential real estate market. In China, it is hardly to take advantage of the basic data of real estate information due to the opaque of those data. In this paper, the HVR is estimated to two scales. At the grid level, urban area ratio was calculated by nighttime images after eliminating outliers of nighttime images and night light intensity of non-residential pixels in mixed pixels by a proposed modified optimal threshold method, and built-up areas in each pixel were extracted from the land-cover data. Then, the HVR is calculated by comparing the light intensity of specific grid with the light intensity of full occupancy rate regions. At the administrative scale, the GCI (‘ghost city’ index) is constructed by calculating the ratio of the total light radiation intensity of a city to the total construction land area of the city. The overall spatial differentiation pattern of the vacant houses in the national prefecture level administrative regions is analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn: vacant housing is rare in certain eastern coastal cities and regions in China with relatively fast economic development. Cities based on exhausted resources, some mountainous cities, and cities with relatively backward economic development more typically showed high levels of housing vacancy. The GCI of prefecture-level administrative units gradually declined from north to south, whereas the east-west distribution showed a parabolic shape. As city level decreased, the GCI registered a gradual upward trend. China’s urban housing vacancy can be divided into five categories: industry or resources driven, government planned, epitaxy expansionary, environmental constraint and speculative activate by combining the spatial distribution of housing vacancy with the factors of natural environment, social economic development level, and population density into consideration.

The Influence of Armed Conflict and Governance on Socio- economic Development in Central Equatoria, South Sudan

The purpose of this study was to examine the implications and to evaluate the relationship between armed conflict, Governance and Socio-Economic development in South Sudan, with Central Equatoria a case study. The study also investigated the factors of armed conflict and Governance on Economic development. Both qualitative and quantitative Statistical approaches were employed as well as a cross-sectional, descriptive and inferential statistical method of analysis. The study sample size was 348 people selected from Central Equatoria by use of Probability sampling methods. The sample size was determined by using Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970) formula and the data analysis was made using the Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS version 18). The major findings of the study were that: there was a positive relationship between armed conflict and socio-economic development (r = 0.691, P-value < 0.01) which implied that armed conflict affects socio-economic development of Central Equatoria, such that, if there was an armed conflict in Central Equatoria , then the economic development of Central Equatoria slows down ; the study also revealed a positive significant relationship between governance and socio-economic development (r = 0.446, P-value < 0.01) which implies that the socio-economic development of Central Equatoria is influenced by the governance. Furthermore, it showed (R= 0.752) a combination of armed conflict and Governance in assessing the level to which they can predict the level of Social economic development in Central Equatoria, such that a one unit change in armed conflict would contribute to a change in Socio-economic development of Central Equatoria by (.752) while a one unit change in governance would contribute to a change in social economic development of Central Equatoria by (.508).It further indicated a statistically significant difference between the number of dependents of the respondents and how likely armed conflict would influence socio-economic development values inCentral Equatoria(0.530). Lastly, it indicated a statistically significant difference between gender distribution and how likely armed conflict would influence Socio-economic development in Juba (0.64; Central Equatoria1). The study concluded that, change in armed conflict would contribute to a change in social economic development of Central Equatoria and that governance would influence socio-economic development in Central Equatoriaas evidenced by the result point (0.718)]. The study also observed that, thereis no peace- targeting approach enlisting peace building measures in the former Central Equatoria State (Yei, Lanya, Kajokeji, Morobo, Terekeka, etc.) that should directly focus on how to combat armed conflict especially the fighters. Consequently, a proper recommendable approach that would be fostering Amnesty programs for fighters, to encourage withdrawal from rebel groups and all guerilla camps, and what government should do so as to realize Peace and Development in South Sudan, was discussed in depth and recommendations are provided in this study.

The persistent disability of population in the Russian Federation: analysis and assessment of regional characteristics

The disability is one of the main indices of public health, along with medical and demographic characteristics, morbidity and physical development that characterizes level of social economic development and is a major problem of health and social care authorities. The availability of statistical data and analysis of problem of population disability will allow to properly plan activities of various administrative bodies. The article presents trends of persistent disability in the Russian Federation during the studied period. In recent years, total number of disabled people has been gradually decreasing. In Russia, most of disabled people have disability group II. At the same time, the percentage of persons with group III increases and proportion of disabled persons with the groups I and II gradually decreases. The children disability in Russia tends to increase. In the Russian Federation, the analysis of regional differences in disability is presented. The analysis and assessment of regional characteristics of disability are necessary for planning and forecasting measures of medical and social support of persons with disability. The analysis of available statistical data permitted to established interdepartmental dissociation on this issue. The results of the study permitted to conclude that the need of increasing attention to the problem of disability results in strengthening interdepartmental interactions and developing of unified register of disabled people.

Spatial characteristics of total phosphorus loads from different sources in the Lancang River Basin

Lancang River, the upstream reach of Mekong River, is a hotspot region in the sustainable management of water resources and environment as it is currently facing the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems. Nutrient balance (i.e., Phosphorus) in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin has become a highly disputed issue in recent years due to the construction of cascade hydropower stations. However, the estimation of the total phosphorus (TP) load faces great difficulties and challenges due to the absent measured water quality data. This study estimates the TP load based on the social economic data, analyzes the spatial distribution of TP and the contribution of different TP sources in the Lancang River basin under the level of social-economic development in 2014. Results show that the annual average TP load in the Lancang River Basin is 1.6 × 104–3.9 × 104 tons, which is at a very low level compared with other large-scale basins in China. The TP load from natural soil erosion dominates all other sources, accounting for 69%, followed by agricultural production and fertilization. In general, the TP load increases from upstream to downstream, but heterogeneity also exits in different regions under the influence of various factors, such as rainfall intensity, soil properties and human activities. The results reveal a holistic picture of TP load in the Lancang River Basin, which could provide a new perspective on the trans-border international river management.

Mechanisms for managing the health care system within the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)

The purpose of the academic paper is to study the most effective mechanisms for managing the health care system in the crisis caused by the spread of COVID-19. Methodology. The qualitative research methods (content analysis of strategic leadership) and a strategic approach to the formation of a mechanism for managing the health care system within the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic have been used in the academic paper. The study is based on the concept of strategic management within the conditions of crisis based on data from the World Health Organization, which contains information on the response of health care systems to the coronavirus pandemic, management policy in terms of basic governance criteria. In order to analyze and assess the differences, advantages and disadvantages of governance, four countries with different levels of social-economic development and geographical location have been selected, namely: Germany, Georgia, Italy, and Ukraine. The results show the dependence of the effectiveness of health care management mechanisms within the conditions of the crisis on the level of centralization, social-economic development of the country. Advanced countries rely on their own governance apparatus with a greater level of regional independence in decision-making, in particular on legal regulation. Countries with economies in transition are dependent on the governance and coordination recommendations of international organizations due to the weakness of legal regulation, institutions, research organizations and the level of development of civil society institutions. The level of centralization of management mechanisms determines the level of effectiveness of legal regulation and institutional support. In terms of advanced countries, this causes some shortcomings in the management of the health care system, however in countries with economies in transition it leads to inefficient management due to excessive centralization. The practical significance lies in the possibility of transition economies to use the experience of advanced countries in the management of the health care system. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Oleg C, Mariana I, Viktoriia Z, Iryna B, Yuliya V, Nataliia T. for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). SRP. 2020; 11(10): 258-264. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42 Web Style Oleg C, Mariana I, Viktoriia Z, Iryna B, Yuliya V, Nataliia T. for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=16823 [Access: March 30, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Oleg C, Mariana I, Viktoriia Z, Iryna B, Yuliya V, Nataliia T. for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). SRP. 2020; 11(10): 258-264. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Oleg C, Mariana I, Viktoriia Z, Iryna B, Yuliya V, Nataliia T. for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). SRP. (2020), [cited March 30, 2021]; 11(10): 258-264. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42 Harvard Style Oleg, C., Mariana, . I., Viktoriia, . Z., Iryna, . B., Yuliya, . V. & Nataliia, . T. (2020) for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). SRP, 11 (10), 258-264. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42 Turabian Style Oleg, Chornyi, Iskiv Mariana, Zagurska-Antoniuk Viktoriia, Borysiuk Iryna, Volkova Yuliya, and Terentieva Nataliia. 2020. for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (10), 258-264. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42 Chicago Style Oleg, Chornyi, Iskiv Mariana, Zagurska-Antoniuk Viktoriia, Borysiuk Iryna, Volkova Yuliya, and Terentieva Nataliia. Mechanisms for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 258-264. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Oleg, Chornyi, Iskiv Mariana, Zagurska-Antoniuk Viktoriia, Borysiuk Iryna, Volkova Yuliya, and Terentieva Nataliia. Mechanisms for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.10 (2020), 258-264. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Oleg, C., Mariana, . I., Viktoriia, . Z., Iryna, . B., Yuliya, . V. & Nataliia, . T. (2020) for Managing the Health Care System within the Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (10), 258-264. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.42

Equilibrium cost of water environmental protection based on watershed sustainability

There are multiple relationship curves between watershed socioeconomic development and water environmental conservation. The goal of this paper is to present a theoretical pattern of economic activities and water environmental improvement by incorporating their bidirectional causality relationship. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) has been useful in connecting economic and environmental concepts, thus becoming an important tool for evaluating watershed sustainability. The high governance cost makes water pollution-intensive goods relatively expensive to produce. According to the EKC, there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between water environment deterioration and the level of social and economic improvement. Based on EKC hypothesis, we studied the coordinated relationship between environmental protection of water and economic and social sustainable development in the Huntai River Watershed from 2003 to 2012 by means of a panel threshold data. The EKC is an empirical curve that describes the relationship between economic restructuring and water environmental conditions improvement. The Green Environmental Kuznets Curve (GEKC) is used to describe the relationship among watershed pollution emissions, the environmental quality and income per capita. However, according to the GEKC, U‐shaped relationship exists between the coordination of water environmental protection and the level of social economic development (SED). The GEKC is affected by water resource consumption, the regional trade situation (T), the per capita gross domestic product level (Y), and controls on the total amount of water pollution discharge. We try to adjust to the type of GEKC curve and apply dataset of water pollutant emission reduction cost control to fit main characteristic of equilibrium cost. In accordance with Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) data statistical analysis, the value of the GEKC regression equation independent variables Y, Y2, per capita water resources consumption (E), T, adding value of production (AVP) and modified socioeconomic development index (MSDI) were 1.988, −0.150, 0.720, 0.216, 0.070, and 1.890, respectively. In the long-term, the correlation formula of watershed per capita sewage discharge (C) to Y was 2.090–0.300Y. For every 1% increase in E, T, AVP, and MSDI, C increased by approximately 0.720%, 0.216%, 0.072%, and 1.890%, respectively. The E, T and MSDI are key factors in developing an effective way to control the levels of water pollution discharge. Pollution is endogenous, so water environment pollution is not necessarily caused by economic growth. According to the total amount control of water pollution discharge, the GEKC equilibrium optimization calculation results can be used to effectively control watershed pollutant emissions and improve water environmental quality. Through the adjustment of industrial structure or industrial transformation and technological progress, it is possible to change the relationship between current economic growth and water environment. With GEKC related Curve characteristic and indicator classes, it is possible to realize harmonious and sustainable development of regional economy and society in the Huntai River Watershed.

Barriers to effective right of access to health: a systematic review with metanalysis

Objective: Evaluating evidence involving the assurance of health rights for refugee population throughout the world by systematic revision with metanalysis.
 Data Source: the following database was used: MEDLINE, accessed via Virtual Health Library (BVS), and SCOPUS. In order to make more assured and straightforward research, the authors chose to unify all the descriptors (MeSH) using the operator AND on the following form: (Refugees AND Right to health AND Human Rights).
 Study Selection: The primary selection occur through triage of titles and abstracts followed by eligibility criteria based on full reading of the articles selected under previously stablished inclusion criteria.
 Data Extraction: Some of the information were extracted from studies enclosing author, year, type of participants and its respective numbers, type of intervention, number of sessions or time of follow-up, and outcomes.
 Results: The research strategies resulted in 201 articles. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in the sample (N). The metanalysis make possible to assess the failure of the effective policy towards the refugee population´s welfare, thus there is an effective close proximity with the absence line, I^2 (variation in ES attributable to heterogeneity) = 98.32%; Estimate of between-study variance Tau^2 = 0.04; Test of ES=0: z = 1.08 p = 0.00.
 Conclusion: The lack of access to information, the language and cultural issues, and the oddness/estrangement over the hosting country are major factors contributing for the refugee´s health precariousness in making it difficult in its access. The report “Global Trends” of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) indicate that such difficulties in the health access may be related to the level of social-economic development of the hosting countries. There are plenty of difficulties on the accessing health services, among then the lack of official documentation and information.
 Objective: Evaluating evidence involving the assurance of health rights for refugee population throughout the world by systematic revision with metanalysis.
 Data Source: the following database was used: MEDLINE, accessed via Virtual Health Library (BVS), and SCOPUS. In order to make more assured and straightforward research, the authors chose to unify all the descriptors (MeSH) using the operator AND on the following form: (Refugees AND Right to health AND Human Rights).
 Study Selection: The primary selection occur through triage of titles and abstracts followed by eligibility criteria based on full reading of the articles selected under previously stablished inclusion criteria.
 Data Extraction: Some of the information were extracted from studies enclosing author, year, type of participants and its respective numbers, type of intervention, number of sessions or time of follow-up, and outcomes.
 Results: The research strategies resulted in 201 articles. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in the sample (N). The metanalysis make possible to assess the failure of the effective policy towards the refugee population´s welfare, thus there is an effective close proximity with the absence line, I^2 (variation in ES attributable to heterogeneity) = 98.32%; Estimate of between-study variance Tau^2 = 0.04; Test of ES=0: z = 1.08 p = 0.00.
 Conclusion: The lack of access to information, the language and cultural issues, and the oddness/estrangement over the hosting country are major factors contributing for the refugee´s health precariousness in making it difficult in its access. The report “Global Trends” of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) indicate that such difficulties in the health access may be related to the level of social-economic development of the hosting countries. There are plenty of difficulties on the accessing health services, among then the lack of official documentation and information.

Research on the Comprehensive Effect of Ecological Regulation in the Mainstream of Weihe Basin

The Weihe River is the largest tributary of Yellow River in China. Due to the decrease in water resources and social-economic development, water resources situation in the Weihe River Basin is more serious now than ever before. Water use for the hydro-ecological system has been obviously decreased because of the reduction in water resources and the increase in social-economic water consumption. Reservoir ecological regulation is an effective measure to preserve river health and to realize man-water harmonization. Based on ecological regulation theory, principles of ecological regulation were presented according to the different levels of social-economic development in the Weihe River Basin. The regulation approaches for ecological water use were analyzed in terms of water saving, recycled water reuse, joint regulation of reservoirs, conjunctive operation of surface water and groundwater, controlling intake of hydropower and inter-basin water transfer project. Water regulation model of Weihe River Basin was constructed. Water regulation scenarios were set. With the ecological basic flow (EBF) targets of the key sections on the mainstream, the balance of water supply-demand, water supply for important reservoirs and the monthly guarantee rate of ecological flow were analyzed. Although further study is desired, the results are believed to be of great referential value to sustainable development in the basin.