Social Disinhibition Research Articles

B - 105 ICANS, CAR-T, and Cognition: a Case Study

Abstract Objective Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), an autoimmune delirious condition, affects 37.5% to 77% of individuals during or after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) treatment for hematologic cancers (Grant et al., 2022). Initial clinical response varies widely but may include apraxia, aphasia, disorientation, and hallucinations (Möhn et al., 2022). Recent research indicates complete symptom resolution in most patients a month post-ICANS onset (Sales et al., 2023). However, a self-report study suggested more than 1 in 3 report persisting cognitive sequelae 1–5 years post-ICANS onset (Rurak et al., 2020). This discrepancy may be due to subtle changes missed by the Montreal Cognitive Objective Assessment (Sales et al., 2023; Möhn et al., 2022). The current case report investigates neurobehavioral outcome post-ICANS via comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Method Two weeks post-CAR-T therapy, a 53-year-old male exhibited abrupt onset facial palsy and cognitive slowing prompting hospitalization. His wife reported new-onset apathy, atypical behaviors exacerbation (e.g., licking plate), and cognitive lapses (e.g., short-term memory, slowing, repeating questions) with little insight. Neuroimaging revealed supratentorial white matter hyperintensities plus calvarium and R skull base enhancing lesion regression. Results Neuropsychological assessment 10-months post-ICANS revealed subtle executive inefficiencies with family reports of improved yet ongoing social disinhibition and apathy. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of a patient who developed ICANS post-CAR-T therapy. Neuropsychologists should be aware of delayed cognitive sequelae possibility of this advancing treatment option. Future studies will be useful for patient/family preparation.

Behavioral and Neurophysiological Implications of Pathological Human Tau Expression in Serotonin Neurons.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder that results in a severe loss of brain cells and irreversible cognitive decline. Memory problems are the most recognized symptoms of AD. However, approximately 90% of patients diagnosed with AD suffer from behavioral symptoms, including mood changes and social impairment years before cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is among the initial regions that show tau pathology, which is a hallmark feature of AD. The DRN harbors serotonin (5-HT) neurons, which are critically involved in mood, social, and cognitive regulation. Serotonergic impairment early in the disease process may contribute to behavioral symptoms in AD. However, the mechanisms underlying vulnerability and contribution of the 5-HT system to AD progression remain unknown. Here, we performed behavioral and electrophysiological characterizations in mice expressing a phosphorylation-prone form of human tau (hTauP301L) in 5-HT neurons. We found that pathological tau expression in 5-HT neurons induces anxiety-like behavior and alterations in stress-coping strategies in female and male mice. Female mice also exhibited social disinhibition and mild cognitive impairment in response to 5-HT neuron-specific hTauP301L expression. Behavioral alterations were accompanied by disrupted 5-HT neuron physiology in female and male hTauP301L expressing mice with exacerbated excitability disruption in females only. These data provide mechanistic insights into the brain systems and symptoms impaired early in AD progression, which is critical for disease intervention.

Action control and selection in social disinhibition following severe TBI: a pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer and outcome devaluation study

ABSTRACT Introduction Social disinhibition is a significant sequela of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Some research suggests that it could reflect a deficiency in goal-directed behavior. The current study aimed to test whether these inappropriate behaviors tend to be deficient in goal-directed control, that is, triggered more by environmental stimuli than by the known consequences of their actions. Method We used a between-group design with 25 adult participants with severe TBI, and 27 control participants. Social disinhibition was measured using Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and Social Disinhibition Interview. Changes in reward-related goal-directed behavior were evaluated using a computer-based task in which we assessed the influence of cues predicting reward and of reward devaluation on choice performance. Results We found no difference in the levels of social disinhibition between the TBI and control groups and, using mixed two-way ANCOVAs, no overall effect of the stimuli or outcome devaluation. However, after combing these groups and splitting them based on their disinhibition levels, a significant interaction between group (High vs Low disinhibition) and reward type (Valued vs Devalued) in sensitivity to outcome devaluation test (F = 5.99, p = .01, ηp2 = .13) appeared. Comparing with the baseline rate of responding, the Low disinhibition group decreased their responding to devalued and increased their responding to still-valued outcomes. In contrast, the High disinhibition group showed the opposite pattern of choice performance. Conclusions It appears that people with clinical levels of social disinhibition are both prone to outcome-response priming effects and insensitive to changes in the value of the consequences of their actions, that is, despite evidence they were aware of the reduction in the value of their actions’s outcomes, people with high-level disinhibition kept performing those actions. This pattern has the hallmarks of a habit suggesting their disinhibition reflects a loss of executive control.

Rare cause of dementia in childhood

AbstractBackgroundDementia is rare in paediatric age group. While inborn errors of metabolism account for majority of the causes, structural abnormalities are also responsible for cognitive decline in few patients. We present such a rare case here.MethodAn eight year old female presented to Neurology department with complaints of decline in memory, poor judgement and social disinhibition since two months with three episodes of focal with impaired awareness seizures. On examination, she had MMSE score of 8/30 and no motor weakness or abnormal reflexes. She was evaluated for her symptoms.ResultMRI showed elongated curvilinear altered signal intensity structure consistent with fat at inter‐hemispheric fissure, pericallosal in location, adjacent to body, isthmus and splenium of corpus callosum indicating pericallosal lipoma (curvilinear type).ConclusionPericallosal lipoma is a rare congenital malformation of brain that can be associated with dysgenesis or agenesis of the corpus callosum. It is usually asymptomatic, but can manifest with seizures, dementia, paralysis or headaches. CT and MR imaging play an important role in making this diagnosis.

6 The Relationship Between Inhibitory Control Impairment in Social Disinhibition Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective:Inhibitory control impairment is highly prevalent following traumatic brain injury (TBI). There have not been any empirical investigations into whether this could explain social disinhibition following severe TBI, i.e. socially inappropriate behaviour of verbal, physical or sexual nature. Further, social context has proven to be important in studying social disinhibition and using a social version of an established task for the assessment of inhibitory control may provide a new perspective. Therefore, the objectives of this research study were to investigate the role of inhibitory control impairment in social disinhibition following severe TBI, using a social and a non-social task. We hypothesized that people with TBI and clinical levels of social disinhibition would perform worse on both task versions, when compared to those with low disinhibition levels. Further, we hypothesized that participants high on social disinhibition would perform worse on the social, when compared to the non-social version.Participants and Methods:We conducted a between-group comparative study. Twenty-six adult participants with severe TBI were matched with 27 adult, healthy controls based on gender, age and education. Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and Social Disinhibition Interview were used to assess social disinhibition. A computerized task based on the cued go/no-go paradigm was used to assess inhibitory control. We included two versions of this task – a coloured (non-social) Go/No-Go with different colored rectangles, and an emotional (social) Go/No-Go with emotional faces serving as ‘go‘ and ‘no-go‘ cues. Two-way mixed ANCOVAs were used to test between-group differences in errors of commission and response speed.Results:Unexpectedly, the TBI and the control group did not significantly differ on their levels of depression, anxiety, stress, or their level of social disinhibition. Overall, participants were slower (F(1,47) = 15.212, p<.001, ηp2 = .245) and made more errors of commission on no-go trials (F(1,44) = 11.560, p = .001, ηp2 = .208) on the social Go/No-Go task. There was no main effect of participants‘ brain injury status on errors of commission on no-go trials or mean reaction times. When categorized based on disinhibition level (high vs low), participants in the highdisinhibition group made more errors on the social task (F(1,41) = 4.095, p = .050, ηp2 = .091) than those in the low-disinhibition group, and more errors on the social, compared to the non-social task (task-group interaction (F(1,41) = 7.233, p = .010, ηp2 = .150)).Conclusions:Based on these initial results, social disinhibition is associated with inhibitory control impairment, although this is only evident when a social inhibitory control task is used for assessment. We did not find any relationship between social disinhibition and the speed with which people react to stimuli. The results of this study add to the conceptualization of social disinhibition that is commonly present after severe TBI.

Inhibitory control impairment in social disinhibition following severe traumatic brain injury: An experimental study using social and nonsocial go/no-go task.

Inhibitory control impairment is highly prevalent following traumatic brain injury (TBI). There have not been any empirical investigations into whether this could explain social disinhibition following severe TBI. Further, social context may be important in studying social disinhibition. Therefore, the objectives of this research study were to investigate the role of inhibitory control impairment in social disinhibition following severe TBI, using a social and a nonsocial task. This was a between-group comparative study. Twenty-six adult participants with severe TBI and 27 sex, age, and education-matched controls participated. Social disinhibition was assessed using the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and the Social Disinhibition Interview. Inhibitory control was assessed using a social and a nonsocial go/no-go task. Two-way mixed analyses of covariance were used to test study hypotheses. Overall, participants were slower, F(1, 43) = 9.841, p = .003, ηp² = .245, and made more errors of commission on no-go trials, F(1, 44) = 11.560, p = .001, ηp² = .208, on the social go/no-go task. When categorized based on disinhibition level (high vs. low), the high disinhibition group made more errors on the social task, F(1, 41) = 4.095, p = .050, ηp² = .091, than the low disinhibition group, and more errors on the social, compared to nonsocial task, task-group interaction, F(1, 41) = 7.233, p = .010, ηp² = .150. Social disinhibition appears to be associated with inhibitory control impairment, although this is only evident when a social task is used. No relationship between social disinhibition and response speed was found. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Diencephalic versus Hippocampal Amnesia in Alzheimer's Disease: The Possible Confabulation-Misidentification Phenotype.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clinically heterogeneous, including the classical-amnesic (CA-) phenotype and some variants. We aim to describe a further presentation we (re)named confabulation-misidentification (CM-) phenotype. We performed a retrospective longitudinal case-series study of 17 AD outpatients with the possible CM-phenotype (CM-ADs). Then, in a cross-sectional study, we compared the CM-ADs to a sample of 30 AD patients with the CA-phenotype (CA-ADs). The primary outcome was the frequency of cognitive and behavioral features. Data were analyzed as differences in percentage by non-parametric Chi Square and mean differences by parametric T-test. Anterograde amnesia (100%) with early confabulation (88.2%), disorientation (88.2%) and non-infrequently retrograde amnesia (64.7%) associated with reduced insight (88.2%), moderate prefrontal executive impairment (94.1%) and attention deficits (82.3%) dominated the CM-phenotype. Neuropsychiatric features with striking misidentification (52.9%), other less-structured delusions (70.6%), and brief hallucinations (64.7%) were present. Marked behavioral disturbances were present early in some patients and very common at later stages. At the baseline, the CM-ADs showed more confabulation (p < 0.001), temporal disorientation (p < 0.02), misidentification (p = 0.013), other delusions (p = 0.002), and logorrhea (p = 0.004) than the CA-ADs. In addition, more social disinhibition (p = 0.018), reduction of insight (p = 0.029), and hallucination (p = 0.03) persisted at 12 months from baseline. Both the CA- and CM-ADs showed anterior and medial temporal atrophy. Compared to HCs, the CM-ADs showed more right fronto-insular atrophy, while the CA-ADs showed more dorsal parietal, precuneus, and right parietal atrophy. We described an AD phenotype resembling diencephalic rather than hippocampal amnesia and overlapping the past-century description of presbyophrenia.

Social disinhibition in acquired brain injury and neurological disease: a concept analysis

Social disinhibition in acquired brain injury and neurological disease: a concept analysis

Behavioural disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia investigated within an ecological framework

Disinhibition is a core symptom in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) particularly affecting the daily lives of both patients and caregivers. Yet, characterisation of inhibition disorders is still unclear and management options of these disorders are limited. Questionnaires currently used to investigate behavioural disinhibition do not differentiate between several subtypes of disinhibition, encompass observation biases and lack of ecological validity.In the present work, we explored disinhibition in an original semi-ecological situation, by distinguishing three categories of disinhibition: compulsivity, impulsivity and social disinhibition. First, we measured prevalence and frequency of these disorders in 23 bvFTD patients and 24 healthy controls (HC) in order to identify the phenotypical heterogeneity of disinhibition. Then, we examined the relationships between these metrics, the neuropsychological scores and the behavioural states to propose a more comprehensive view of these neuropsychiatric manifestations. Finally, we studied the context of occurrence of these disorders by investigating environmental factors potentially promoting or reducing them.As expected, we found that patients were more compulsive, impulsive and socially disinhibited than HC. We found that 48% of patients presented compulsivity (e.g., repetitive actions), 48% impulsivity (e.g., oral production) and 100% of the patients group showed social disinhibition (e.g., disregards for rules or investigator). Compulsivity was negatively related with emotions recognition. BvFTD patients were less active if not encouraged in an activity, and their social disinhibition decreased as activity increased. Finally, impulsivity and social disinhibition decreased when patients were asked to focus on a task.Summarising, this study underlines the importance to differentiate subtypes of disinhibition as well as the setting in which they are exhibited, and points to stimulating area for non-pharmacological management.

Disinhibited and angry: Investigating the relationship between social disinhibition and the components of aggression following severe TBI

ABSTRACT Social disinhibition and aggression share many similarities. But unlike with aggression, research evidence about social disinhibition following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is limited and treatments are missing. Establishing the association between aggression and social disinhibition would facilitate a better conceptualization of these disorders. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social disinhibition and aggression following severe TBI. In this case–control study, 25 individuals with severe TBI and 25 control participants completed the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale (FrSBe), and Social Disinhibition Interview (SDI). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that, when controlling for covariates, the inclusion of BPAQ Anger in the model led to a 13% increase in proportion of explained variance of social disinhibition (Adjusted R2 increased from .243 to .363, p < .005). BPAQ Anger was not a significant predictor of SDI scores. Similarly, BPAQ Physical aggression scores did not contribute to the prediction of FrSBe Disinhibition or SDI scores. In conclusion, higher levels of self-reported anger (but no other components of aggression) are associated with higher levels of self-reported social disinhibition. While these findings have potential implications for the treatment of social disinhibition, further research into the possible relationship with aggression should be conducted.

Social disinhibition in acquired brain injury and neurological disease: a concept analysis.

Social disinhibition is becoming increasingly recognised in the neuropsychological literature as a complex and debilitating sequalae associated with acquired frontal lobe damage. Despite this, the term has been inconsistently defined and described in both clinical and research contexts. The purpose of this paper was to explore and examine the concept of social disinhibition in the context of brain injury and other organic neurological conditions. A literature search for articles published in the English language from journal inception to June 2021 was conducted using MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science. A 'concept analysis' was conducted on the identified literature using Walker & Avant's (2019) framework. The analysis suggested that while several terms are often used interchangeably with social disinhibition, including impulsivity and behavioural dysregulation, these terms may be differentiated and defined separately within the broader domain of 'behaviours of concern'. Attributes, antecedents and consequences of social disinhibition were also identified and discussed. Clarifying the concept of social disinhibition has important implications in both clinical and research contexts, including increased understanding of the behaviours, more accurate estimates of incidence and prevalence, and the development and implementation of targeted rehabilitation programmes.

Co-occurrence of Psychopathology Problems in At-Risk Adolescents.

No known studies have investigated co-occurrence of psychopathology problems in adolescents with biologic and/or environmental susceptibility, including prenatal drug exposure. This study identified comorbidity patterns of psychopathology problems by utilizing data from urban, primarily African American, youth, majority of whom were at heightened risk for exposure to drugs in utero. The roles of Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-informed behavioral constructs of the Negative Valence (irritability) and Social Process Systems (social disinhibition) as antecedents of the comorbidity patterns were further examined. Lastly, the predictive validity of the identified patterns was evaluated in relation to emerging adulthood outcomes. Participants were 358 urban adolescents, primarily African Americans, drawn from a 21-year prospective birth-cohort study of the effects of prenatal drug exposure. Psychopathology problems were assessed at age 15. Irritability and social disinhibition were self-reported at age 12. Emerging adulthood outcomes were measured at age 21. Latent class modeling indicated four patterns: Normative (57%), substance-use (SU; 24%), mental-health-problems-without-substance-use (MH; 11%), and substance-use-and-other-mental-health-problems (SUMH; 7%). Higher irritability increased the odds of developing the MH pattern, whereas higher social disinhibition increased the odds of developing the SU pattern. The odds of manifesting the SUMH pattern were higher for children with higher irritability. For children with higher social disinhibition, the odds of manifesting the SUMH pattern were higher at a trend level. Adolescent comorbidity patterns were differentially associated with problematic tobacco and marijuana use and clinically relevant mental health problems in emerging adulthood, and completion of high school education. Peri-pubertal identification of individual differences in irritability and social disinhibition may mitigate the emergence of adolescent psychopathology, which could influence emerging adulthood adjustment in this at-risk population.

An ecological approach to identify distinct neural correlates of disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia

Disinhibition is a core symptom of many neurodegenerative diseases, particularly frontotemporal dementia, and is a major cause of stress for caregivers. While a distinction between behavioural and cognitive disinhibition is common, an operational definition of behavioural disinhibition is still missing. Furthermore, conventional assessment of behavioural disinhibition, based on questionnaires completed by the caregivers, often lacks ecological validity. Therefore, their neuroanatomical correlates are non-univocal.In the present work, we used an original behavioural approach in a semi-ecological situation to assess two specific dimensions of behavioural disinhibition: compulsivity and social disinhibition. First, we investigated disinhibition profile in patients compared to controls. Then, to validate our approach, compulsivity and social disinhibition scores were correlated with classic cognitive tests measuring disinhibition (Hayling Test) and social cognition (mini-Social cognition & Emotional Assessment). Finally, we disentangled the anatomical networks underlying these two subtypes of behavioural disinhibition, taking in account the grey (voxel-based morphometry) and white matter (diffusion tensor imaging tractography). We included 17 behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia patients and 18 healthy controls.We identified patients as more compulsive and socially disinhibited than controls. We found that behavioural metrics in the semi-ecological task were related to cognitive performance: compulsivity correlated with the Hayling test and both compulsivity and social disinhibition were associated with the emotion recognition test. Based on voxel-based morphometry and tractography, compulsivity correlated with atrophy in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, the right temporal region and subcortical structures, as well as with alterations of the bilateral cingulum and uncinate fasciculus, the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the right arcuate fasciculus. Thus, the network of regions related to compulsivity matched the “semantic appraisal” network. Social disinhibition was associated with bilateral frontal atrophy and impairments in the forceps minor, the bilateral cingulum and the left uncinate fasciculus, regions corresponding to the frontal component of the “salience” network.Summarizing, this study validates our semi-ecological approach, through the identification of two subtypes of behavioural disinhibition, and highlights different neural networks underlying compulsivity and social disinhibition. Taken together, these findings are promising for clinical practice by providing a better characterisation of inhibition disorders, promoting their detection and consequently a more adapted management of patients.

Grey and white matter correlates of behavioural disinhibition assessed under semi-ecological conditions in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia.

Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is partly characterised by inhibition disorders. Neural correlates of disinhibition being poorly known, we aim to identify grey and white matter impairments associated to behavioural disinhibition. We assess behavioural disinhibition in a semi-ecological setting, noting occurrences of 16 behaviours - derived from clinical criteria of bvFTD - related to compulsivity, impulsivity or social disinhibition, in a population of 20 bvFTD and 20 healthy controls (HC). Subjects also undergo an MRI. In this study, voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) are used to investigate grey and white matter changes in bvFTD patients compared to HC. Grey matter atrophy and DTI metrics - fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) - are then correlated to behavioural disinhibition scores. Grey matter analysis was conducted on 15 bvFTD and 18 HC. Results mainly show an alteration of frontal and anterior temporal regions as well as subcortical regions (e.g., thalamus) in bvFTD patients compared to HC. Social disinhibition is correlated with a huge atrophy of the frontotemporal regions and of the cingulate cortex, while compulsivity and impulsivity are associated to smaller areas of the orbitofrontal and temporal regions. Based on these results, white matter analysis was conducted on 10 bvFTD patients and 11 HC. Results show a significant decrease of FA and increase of RD in the cingulum, the forceps minor (FM) and the uncinate fasciculus (UF) in bvFTD patients. In addition, patients show a significant increase of MD in the FM and the UF, as well as a significant increase of AD in the FM and right UF. Among bvFTD patients, compulsivity is associated to a weaker integrity of the cingulum while social disinhibition is correlated to alterations of the left UF. On the contrary, impulsivity is correlated with greater integrity of the bilateral uncinate. The cingulum is already known to be impaired in obsessive-compulsive disorder and UF impairments are related to behavioural and social disinhibition. Furthermore, positive correlation between impulsive behaviours and UF integrity are already reported, which is consistent with our findings based on a semi-ecological assessment of behavioural disinhibition.

Reduction of behavioural inhibition disorders in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia patients observed under semi‐ecological conditions

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterised by a progressive deterioration of personality, social conduct and cognition. Especially, inhibition troubles are reported, impairing the daily lives of patients and caregivers. However, assessment and characterisation of disinhibition are still poorly known, leading to a limited management of these disorders. We aim to identify activities related to an increase or a decrease of behavioural disinhibition, in order to better apprehend these disorders and set up non‐pharmacological approaches to limit these troubles.MethodWe assess behavioural disinhibition in a semi‐ecological setting, noting occurrences of 16 behaviours – derived from clinical criteria of bvFTD – related to compulsivity, impulsivity or social disinhibition, in a population of 25 bvFTD and 25 healthy controls (HC). Subjects are placed in a waiting room during 45 minutes, instructions are to get comfortable and enjoy the room. During the scenario, they are firstly free to explore the room (Free Phase) and are then guided by a questionnaire to be filled in (Guided Phase). Duration of activity related behaviours and motor patterns are also collected to look for correlations with behavioural disinhibition scores.ResultTo date, we included 22 bvFTD and 24 HC. We found out that disinhibition behaviours are not constant during the scenario. BvFTD patients are less impulsive during the guided phase compared to the free phase (p=0.014, Wilcoxon test), and show more social disinhibition than HC during the free phase and at the end of the guided phase (p=0.014 and p=0.026 respectively, Mann‐Whitney U tests), but not during the guided phase. Compulsive behaviours remain unchanged. Moreover, looking for correlations between behavioural disinhibition and activity related behaviours or motor patterns, we found out that: 1) social disinhibition would be less present during activity (eg, reading), 2) there would be less compulsivity when patients are dealing with the questionnaire, and 3) impulsivity would increase during exploration of the room (eg, books).ConclusionThis study relying on a semi‐ecological setting highlights interesting areas for non‐pharmacological treatments of behavioural disturbances in bvFTD, consistent with previous studies encouraging concentration on a given task, hobbies or a tidy environment to reduce undesired behavioural symptoms in dementia.

Destructive Speech Behavior in the Digital Environment: Factors that Determine the Negative Impact on the User’s Worldview

Today, in the context of universal digitalization and informatization of the society, the Internet environment is becoming a criminogenic communication environment, favorable for the commission of "speech crimes", i.e. speech actions that form the objective element of the corpus delicti. The paper is devoted to the criminological analysis of the factors that determine the negative impact of information threats on users of the digital communication environment (primarily, the Internet environment). Based on monitoring social communication in the Internet and analyzing the patterns of language functioning in conditions of the Internet communication, the authors summarize the main properties of the Internet communication and factors that provide the possibility of abuse of rights (freedom of speech and the right to freely search, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information) in order to have a destructive impact on the ideological safety of Internet users (primarily children and young people). Such factors include simulation, virality, hyperreality, the phenomenon of social disinhibition, etc. Particular attention is paid to the concept of destructiveness of information impact, considered on the basis of an analysis of the phenomena of human destructiveness, aggression and cyber aggression, deviance and delinquency. The authors propose to treat content risks and communication risks as forms of representation of destructive speech behavior in the digital environment as information threats to the ideological security of the Internet communication. The paper provides the authors’ classification of the information risks under consideration based on a generalization of judicial and forensic practice (including cases when materials were included in the Federal List of Extremist Materials by court decisions), the practice of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications (Roskomnadzor), as well as interdisciplinary analysis of scientific publications. The authors suggest that the terms "mortilatrya" and "eridophobia" be introduced in the context of ensuring the worldview security. The authors of the paper analyze the influence on the axiosphere of the Internet user of delinquent subcultures that erode a person’s identity in order to impose a new pseudo-correct- identity.

Management of behavioural problems in people with dementia

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) encompass the wide range of non-cognitive symptoms that affect over 90% of those with dementia. These symptoms include aggression, agitation, psychosis and social disinhibition, and can represent unmet needs in patients that may otherwise be unable to express themselves. Each person with dementia can have any combination of these symptoms – to varying severity – and they can fluctuate throughout the disease course. This article focuses on BPSD, including its common causes, patient assessment within primary care and key aspects of management.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ ДЕВИАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ПОДРОСТКОВ И ИХ СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКА

Changes in our life associated with an increase in life activity in the virtual space, determine the emergence of new forms of deviant behavior. Based on the theoretical analysis of modern scientific literature, the article examines such new forms of deviant behavior of adolescents in the information space, such as cyberbullying and shoplifting. It was revealed that cyberbullying is dangerous for adolescents, both those who show aggression (bullers) on the Internet, and for those who are subject to attacks: some develop stable aggressive behavior, others have mental disorders, suicidal manifestations. The tendency of adolescents to shoplifting often speaks of social disinhibition, low legal literacy. A survey of adolescent schoolchildren in Chelyabinsk made it possible to note: on the one hand, their insufficient awareness of the consequences of cyberbullying and shoplifiting, and on the other hand, a high risk of being exposed to their dangerous effects and a low level of prevention of the spread of these socially dangerous phenomena. To solve the problem, a technology of social prevention is proposed, including diagnostic, tentative-target, content-organizational and effective stages, the implementation of which will increase the level of psychological protection of adolescents, form attitudes towards a socially responsible and law-abiding lifestyle, skills for their implementation. Also, conditions are proposed that increase the success of the implementation of this technology in a general educational institution: social partnership based on interdepartmental interaction, as well as pooling the efforts of the school and family, and in the process of increasing the level of communication culture and behavior of adolescents in the virtual space.

Hyper-religiosity in frontotemporal dementia with predominant atrophy of the right temporal lobe

A 56-year-old Greek woman developed personality changes, presenting first with prominent hyper-religiosity alternating with periods of retardation, together with social disinhibition. For 10 months before, she had expressed extravagant religiosity,...

Identification of subtypes for the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia based on the assessment of disinhibition and compulsion

AbstractBackgroundThe behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterized by cognitive and behavioral decline due to the progressive brain damage of frontal and temporal regions. We aimed to: 1. identify bvFTD subtypes through the behavioral assessment of social disinhibition and perseveration/compulsion; 2. disentangle the underlying functional and anatomical correlates.MethodWe assessed occurrences of 19 behaviors (derived from current clinical criteria of bvFTD) linked to disinhibition and perseveration/compulsion in a quasi‐ecological setting in 17 bvFTD patients and 16 healthy controls (HC). Subjects also underwent neurocognitive tests and a structural MRI examination. Dimensions extracted through Principal Component Analysis from the behavior variables were compared between patients and HC. A clustering approach applied to behavioral scores allowed to isolate subgroups within the patients. Voxel based morphometry (VBM) was performed to identify specific grey matter atrophy patterns in each subgroup.ResultWe identified two principal behavioral dimensions significantly different between bvFTD and HC. Using scores on these two components (labelled as Compulsion and Disinhibition), we identified two different subgroups of bvFTD patients (bvFTD‐G1 and bvFTD‐G2). BvFTD‐G1, characterized by high Disinhibition, had a small pattern of atrophy, centered on left medial anterior and posterior temporal cortices. BvFTD‐G2, characterized by high Compulsion and cognitive impulsivity, presented a more diffuse and bilateral atrophy pattern largely involving frontotemporal and subcortical regions.ConclusionThe behavioral assessment of disinhibition and compulsion symptoms allowed the clinical stratification of bvFTD patients into more or less severe stages or forms, and the identification of specific brain circuits associated with disinhibition and compulsion.