Social Disharmony Research Articles

Princess Mandalika of Lombok: A Gender Equality Hero Defying Power Structures in Folklore

This study aims to reveal a new understanding of Mandalika folklore through Derrida's deconstruction. The goal is to demonstrate that Derrida's approach uncovers objective meanings and offers a theoretical alternative to traditional interpretations. By contextualizing new meanings through deconstruction, the study provides varied insights without relying solely on the author's intended meaning. The research employs Derrida's deconstruction through textual and in-depth analysis, exploring the concept of difference to identify binary contexts in the narrative structure. It includes case studies, comparisons of folkloric versions, interdisciplinary approaches for a comprehensive view, and critical analysis. The process begins with a synopsis representing the entire Mandalika folklore text. Findings indicate that Mandalika folklore’s meanings extend beyond conventional understandings, emerging from dynamic interactions between textual and non-textual elements. These new meanings challenge previous interpretations shaped by authorial authority. The study highlights how Mandalika folklore reflects the patriarchal Sasak society, revealing tragic choices born from social disharmony. It emphasizes the need for the Sasak community to use the Mandalika narrative for reflection and reevaluation of gender relations. The folklore advocates for gender equality, depicting Mandalika as both a hero and a victim of patriarchal norms. This new understanding calls for a reassessment of gender roles and societal expectations.

Cultural Representations in Border Literature: Reflecting on Harka Gurung’s Vignettes of Nepal

This article explores the issues raised in Harka Gurung’s Vignettes of Nepal and analyzes them from historical perspectives. Cultural activities of the different geographical locations of Nepal that Gurung explores in the book are based on border, culture and the literature. Culture is a part of social practices interlinked to the cultural activities that connect people and literature of a society or a cultural community under a chain of social/socio-cultural activities. There might be different kinds of cultural groups within the same geographical border but they have the same kind of humanitarian values. However, they have some conflicting borders because of the space on performances and understanding of the cultural critics. Here, border refers to both the cultural community’s line as well as geographical territory. Many people respect to each-other’s culture but some of them disrespect borderland culture and literature that creates social disharmony in the name of cultural identity. Culture is a part of literary activities that helps to generate the literature and every literature is based on the culture. Gurung’s Vignettes of Nepal incorporates twenty essays based on different geographical borderlands, cultural practices and literature. He begins his essays from west of Kathmandu and concludes them coming to the east. In this study, this researcher selects particularly a few essays based on cultural borderland. Border, culture and literature are inseparable and so this study is on cultural cum ethno-geographical methodology as it studies the behavioral things of the people of different cultural communities. Objective of this paper is to show the connectivity of literature in the cultural borderland. To achieve the research goal, this study centers on historical places and observes cultural practices in Nepal. This researcher applies Mary Anderson and Dor Bahadur Bista’s ideas as supporting tools to the research in addition to Shalom H. Schwartz’s theory based on universal human values and cross-cultural psychologies. Finding of this paper is that the humanitarian cultures of the borders are key subjects to create the socio-cultural harmonies that help to generate the literature.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF FRATERNITY AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MORAL SOLIDARITY

Analyzing the historical forms of moral solidarity, one of which is the phenomenon of fraternity and trying to see in this form the foundations of constructive cooperation in modern conditions, we should pay close attention to the underestimated conceptual provisions and mechanisms. We believe that these factors play an important role in overcoming disintegration processes, both at the level of social communication and at the level of the mental foundations of intercultural and intercivilizational communication. The article is devoted to the philosophical foundations of the phenomenon of fraternity, mainly based on the material of European and domestic socio-philosophical reflection. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that the current international situation presents new challenges and that Russia is looking for constructive solutions to complex contradictions that have arisen in the international community. On the other hand, the axiological foundations of Russian civilization, which have been its genetic basis for many centuries, require constant philosophical reflection. The article discusses the essential importance of the phenomenon of fraternity for overcoming social disharmony, clarifies the advantages of this form of social interaction over formal cooperation. The methodology of the work is based on a socio-philosophical analysis of the axiological and ethical foundations of various forms of joint human activity. The article attempts to identify the structure-forming foundations of the system of social relations by the example of the phenomenon of fraternity.

Maqashid Syariah Analysis of the Implementation of Muzara'ah and Ijarah Agreements for Nagarri Taeh Baruah Chili Farmers

Regarding the development of agricultural land management, the muzāra'ah contract scheme is considered the most suitable and fair contract, and in accordance with sharia principles. However, in its implementation, many problems arise between sharecroppers and land owners. From the initial survey that the author conducted with Basril, one of the chili farmers in Taeh Baruah Village, it was found that sharing the results of the land, especially in chili farming, tends to cause disharmony in social interactions due to because sharecroppers are not professional, transparency is weak. Based on this phenomenon, the author conducted an in-depth study regarding benchmarks for the benefits of muzāra'ah and ijārah contracts in agricultural land management using the Maqasid Syariah approach. From the measurement results, it was found that currently in Nagari Taeh Baruah, the use of an ijārah contract in terms of agricultural land cooperation is the most beneficial contract compared to the muzāra'ah contract. This is due to the community's habit of carrying out cooperation in the agricultural sector only verbally, and the level of honesty of some farmers is still low, which tends to result in social disharmony among chili farmers in Nagari Taeh Baruah.

The Essence of Religious Conversion in the Perspective of Alfred North Whitehead's Philosophy of Processes

This study aims to understand the essence of religious conversion from the perspective of Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy. This type of research is library research. Data sources come from books and journal articles. The collected data is then analyzed by the method of philosophical hermeneutics with elements of personal description and reflection. The study found the following: (1) Religious conversion in the holistic model is a religious change that takes place over time and not a single event. Conversions are influenced by various interrelated variables. (2) In the meaning system model, religious conversion is understood as a change in the meaning system resulting from strong pressure from input factors and weak system elements to resist pressure. (3) Conversion career aproach sees religious conversion as a radical change in individual religion influenced by social, institutional, individual and contingency factors. Religious conversion is one form of an individual's religious participation during this phase of life. Based on the three explanations of religious conversion according to the three paradigms above, this study concludes that the essence of religious conversion from the perspective of process philosophy is the formation of human self-religiosity. The formation of self-religiosity through religious conversion involves two things, namely, datum and subjective aim. Datum is the whole variable selected through the process of prehence, while the subjective aim is the self-image desired by the individual who is forming himself. Religious conversion is a result of human nature as a being that continues to "be." the implication of this finding is the importance of formulating conversion ethics so that the phenomenon of religious conversion does not lead to social disharmony.

Anticipation in Disillusionment and Despair Reading Eliot’s The Waste Land

This study analyses Eliot’s The Waste Land from a humanistic perspective and after all search for the causes and consequences of despair, disillusionment, and frustration the study claims that the pessimistic flashbacks of the past and negative looks for the days to come are human enemies. Moral and ethical guidance are suggested to live peacefully in poetic anticipation. The Journey through The Waste Land Eliot in his poem seeks multiple ways of living and finally, it is nothing more than the poetic imagination and metaphor to escape from an alienated path. Eliot exposes the social disharmony through the chaos of dislocation, depression, and death of the Londoners and he paves the way for alternative methods to get alive with hope. The study is made on social and socio-cultural investigative methods to find out the social wrongs to which Richard Aldington, Wesley Brown, Nevill Coghill, and Francis Turner Palgrave’s critiques are applied.

Perkawinan Campuran Antar Etnis Jawa dan Pakpak di Desa Jontor, Kecamatan Penanggalan Kota Subulussalam

The purpose of this research is to find out the background that influences the occurrence of inter-ethnic marriages, especially the Javanese ethnicity with the Pakpak ethnicity and to see the interactions that occur and how clans can function in the family kinship system of mixed marriages. The research location is Jontor Village, Penanggalan District, Subulussalam City. This research uses functional structural theory proposed by Talcott Parsons. In analyzing the data, researchers used descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation as well as supporting data types, namely primary and secondary data. The results of this study found that: first, there are several motives for the emergence of Javanese-Pakpak inter-ethnic marriages in Jontor Village, namely: 1) intensive social interaction between ethnicities: 2) stereotyping of other tribes such as Aceh due to trauma from the GAM-RI conflict: 3) Javanese strategies to obtain protection from the majority group: 4) strategies to improve the economy through inheritance. Secondly, the impacts of mixed marriages include: 1) reducing the occurrence of social disharmony, 2) the emergence of a new generation: 3) exchange of experiences: 4) the emergence of a new culture: 5) fading of original cultural values and culture: 5) influence on the successor of the clan. Third, the kinship system used by mixed marriage families is the Pakpak kinship system. Because Pakpak people tend to dominate the mixed marriages that occur. Javanese men who marry Pakpak girls must be willing to be incorporated into the Pakpak kinship system through the Mangain custom as a sign that he has legally entered the Pakpak kinship system.

Integrated positive and negative analyses of cognitive-mediation strategies in the social quarrels

Public disharmony can easily arise in our social conversations, leading to quarrels, disputes, and even conflicts, which can harm our society’s stability and security. Encouraging harmonious communication and interaction in public spaces is considered an embodiment of personal morality and social civilization. However, interlocutors in public discussions often overlook the crucial role of cognitive mediation, which is essential but rarely discussed in previous studies. Drawing on the theory of cognitive mediation, this study analyzes four authentic videos using four different cognitive-mediation strategies that interlocutors may use to mediate ongoing quarrels with evident social disharmony. It also demonstrates how mediators carefully choose their words to prevent the quarrel from escalating into a more negative interaction. The analysis not only illustrates the process of mediating ongoing quarrels but also provides a new model for regulating social interactions that promote communicative harmony in public places. This study has the potential to improve communication education practices in public settings and normalize social communication.

Disharmoni Sosial Masyarakat Kampung Kota di Era Demokratisasi (Konflik dan Disharmoni Sosial di Yogyakarta Pada Pilpres tahun 2019)

Democracy that has lasted so far is not only understood as an effort to build a better government system but is also intended as an effort to create citizen participation in building a good political and governance system. But in reality, it does not produce a sense of security, peace, order and social order. This paper is intended to look at the phenomenon of democracy, especially election practices, not only from a political and power perspective, but also to see how elections actually create social disharmony in the Yogyakarta city community. This paper is based on one argument, namely: that democracy is intended to build a more open, just, peaceful and prosperous society that does not work properly because the understanding and practices of democracy that have been practiced so far have actually led to increased resistance and social disharmony. This paper uses a qualitative analytical method with data sourced from direct observation and from local newspapers. From this research it was found that (1) social conflict in villages, especially in Yogyakarta is getting higher and social resistance is increasing; (2) Community grouping, and segregation tend to be based on religious and political affiliations; and village gangs (3) Villages that used to be administratively separated, were instead claimed as the village of certain groups which referred to certain religious-based groups or parties. From this paper it can be concluded that the conflicts that occurred in the city of Yogyakarta during the 2019 presidential election were more caused by village-based sentiments and solidarity of certain parties and groups rather than conflicts between elites.

Impact of ideology on public policy and governance :

India's public policy has been strongly conditioned by political ideology. While dirigisme was the preferred ideology when India became independent, the early 90s witnessed a sharp U-turn toward a freemarket economy and the dismantling of LPQ (License, Permit, Quota) raj. This paper tries to analyze the impact of changed economic ideology on structural transformation and high GDP growth coupled with a dissonance between growth and development parameters such asMYS (mean years of schooling), malnutrition, IMR (Infant Mortality Rate), and MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate). The paper also brings out how parties in power with different political ideologies (Congress and BJP) have shown remarkable congruence in terms of economic ideology and pursuing the free market philosophy of the Washington consensus. It brings out how autonomy for bureaucracy is critical for quality governance (Fukuyama) and looks back into India's professional approach to perspective planning, policy design, and program evaluation under the erstwhile Planning commission. It also brings out the importance of RCT (Random Control Trials) before undertaking developing programs and not putting the cart before the horse. The paper makes a strong recommendation for institutional independence, capacity build-up, and proper regulation of the free market. Liberal democracy, without inclusive development and shared prosperity, and public policy without empathy for the most disadvantaged sections of the society, can lead to social disharmony and disruption.

The presumption of innocence: Interpretation and application in online journalism

Implementation of the Presumption of Innocence by journalists has implications for the occurrence of trial by the press and potentially impacts social disharmony. This study aims to explain the interpretation of the presumption of innocence in journalism, and the understanding and application of the presumption of innocence by online media journalists. This research uses qualitative methods by utilizing two data collection techniques. Firstly, documentation that collects some related research about the Journalistic Codes of Ethics of the Press Council, PWI and AJI. Secondly, in-depth interviews with four online media journalists. The result shows that the literal interpretation of the presumption of innocence is a principle not to judge someone even though it is side by side with the principle of objectivity, covering both sides, mention of identity, and legal grammar. Online media journalists have a collective understanding of the presumption of innocence. However, the journalists have an authentic understanding that causes the different implementation of the presumption of innocence. Moreover, demands for faster news production, media agency policies, and personal interest from journalists also impact partial implementation. This research contributes by forming a model for applying the presumption of innocence for online media journalists to avoid trial by the press.

Reexamining Salatiga as a Tolerant City in Java: An Exposure of Lesser-Known Facts

Salatiga has been known as one of the most tolerant cities in Java and Indonesia. Such an achievement refers to the 2021 Tolerant City Index (Indeks Kota Toleran) report released by the SETARA Institute that provides a baseline or assessment of the city government's performance in managing harmony, tolerance, Indonesian national insight, and social inclusion. This article wants to reexamine whether Salatiga is truly a tolerant city and fully implements freedom of religion and belief. The study uses a qualitative approach to interpret interactions between various religious followers in Salatiga. It employs Bielefeldt's analysis and human rights perspectives to reveal the events that actually happened. This study found that the people of Salatiga claim to live in harmony and maintain religious freedom, even though conflicts still occur occasionally. Such conflicts, for example, are seen in disputes about the IAIN Salatiga’ choir team performing at the church and in several social conflicts between Muslims and Christians. Besides, the existence of several religion-based com­munities, such as Muslim cemeteries, Muslim housing, and Muslim campuses, also justifies the fact of social disharmony in Salatiga because they are not in accordance with the principle of freedom of religion.

The energy glitch: Speculative histories and quantum counterfactuals

Energy (in all its conceptualizations and connotations) is a glitch, a bug, an error. Energy is presented here as a roadblock in efforts to articulate and formulate a coherent physical model of the universe, as well as an impediment to achieving just and equitable social relations. Energy broke physics and broke society. This article traces conundrums and uncertainties that prevail in physics today, from the irreconcilability of quantum dynamics and gravitational spacetime to the unsatisfactory postulation of dark energy, and the profusion of probabilistic reasoning. I offer a brief history of thermodynamics and its entanglement with industrial capitalism via the steam engine. I explore alternate histories of energy (hydrodynamic and metabolic) and speculate on the potential social implications of these counterfactual trajectories. Finally, building on the novel Constructor Theory paradigm, I entertain the possibility of replacing energy with informed noticing as the undergirding architecture of physics, replacing dynamics with discernment as the underbelly of the discipline. The operation within is not to argue that the current course of energy-based physics is “incorrect,” but rather that it is problematic both for reasons of cosmological compatibility and the social disharmony it has wrought.

Regaining the values and Appealing to Religious Resources for Social Transformation in Kenya: A Critical and Appreciative Perspective

Religion creates a complex part of Kenya as a country. In Kenya, almost all aspects of life; social, political, and commercial life are punctuated with religious lexes and rituals. Whereas Kenya and Africa as a whole are immersed in religiosity, poverty, ethnic politics, tribalism, and bribery are prevalent in African countries and the list cannot be complete without mentioning them. The inquiry thus arises as to whether African religiosity gives inducement to corruption and poverty or religion contributes to people’s involvement in corruption, poverty, and tribalism and how can religion be used to transform the country? By using the concept of religion, this paper will explore in what sense religion can be said to be a way of life for Africans; investigate why there is a loss of religious morals in the contemporary Kenyan society. Thereafter, the study will sort to appreciate the role religion can perform in the social change in Kenya and how resources of religion can be reclaimed and involved in the change of the Kenyan society. The paper will argue that even though religion seems to be a predicament to social disharmony expressed in issues such as corruption, conflict, and poverty in Kenya, it remains a vital constituent of ‘Africanness’ and may well contribute to social transformation by permeating the economic, political, and social life of the people.

Published at the expense of N. Garin-Mikhailovsky: R. Zimmerman and his book «Kulak-usury, its socio-economic significance» through the eyes of the publisher

In 1898 in St. Petersburg at the expense of N. Garin-Mikhailovsky was published a book by the writer and journalist R. Zimmerman Kulak-usury, its socio-economic significance. The reason for the latters interest in the ideas of socio-economic development of the country derived by Zimmerman in his work was N. Garin-Mikhailovskys own reflections, which formed the basis of the story Several years in the village. This article, firstly, examines the problems and poetics of Garin-Mikhailovskys story about an unsuccessful attempt to discover the causes of social disharmony. Secondly, an attempt is being made to read R. Zimmermans book Kulak-usury, its socio-economic significance through the eyes of its publisher, who saw in R. Zimmermans work the answer he sought, but did not find at the time, to the question of who is to blame for the collapse of his hopes for the restoration of harmonious existence.

The Role and Significance of Taṣawwuf in Modern-Day Crisis

The present manuscript aims to assess the important features of Taṣawwuf and its position in the contemporary world. Moreover, this study will help to understand the paramount role of Taṣawwuf in pulling out humanity from these crises and its importance in espousing the society in terms of socio-religious and spiritual development. The suggested methodology for this manuscript will be exploratory, descriptive, and historical to explore the contemporary importance of Taṣawwuf and its main characteristics. This study reveals the continuing significance of Taṣawwuf in modern times, where, religious extremism, violence, human value crises, social disharmony, and an imbalance between spirituality and mundane concerns of humanity are some issues that are confronting human beings in the contemporary world. Hence this study found that the legitimacy of Taṣawwuf in modern society still exists.Contribution: This article makes a new discovery regarding the continued existence of Taṣawwuf and its role in maintaining peace, harmony, and religious tolerance in contemporary society and also reveals the role of Taṣawwuf in the spiritual development of human beings and maintaining a balance between the spirituality and mundane ends.

Implications of the Pagang Gadai Contract on Disharmony Social Actors in Minangkabau Community

This study aims to explore the implementation of the pagang gadai contract and identify its impact on the social disharmony of actors in the Minangkabau community. The category of this research is ethnography, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with 13 people as resource persons who were determined based on purposive sampling and snowball sampling, located in 5 Nagari in Tanah Datar Regency, as a representation of the Nagari of origin of the Minangkabau people. The results of the study found that the implementation of pagang gadai as a form of part of debt and receivable transactions has many variants in processing and utilizing the results of the object of pawning land. Some are managed by the pawnbroker (the debtor) with some of the proceeds destined for the pawnbroker (the debtor), in addition, some are managed by the pawnbroker with the proceeds of the object being fully under his control. As for the impact on social relations, there has been disharmony, both internal to the pawnbroker and between the pawnbroker and the pawnbroker, which is caused by inconsistencies in the implementation of customary norms and rules, unequal paradigms in following up on awareness of mistakes in the implementation of pawning so far, and also because authoritarian leadership pattern on “mamak” as tribal head.

The Right to Freedom of Expression: A Research Analysis During the Caliphate of Umar Farooq (R.A)

Freedom of expression is a highly crucial topic. Both suppressing as well as misusing this right is a morally objectionable act which leads to many social issues. Hazrat Umar’s (R.A) rule is believed to be the golden era of human history. Critics are of the opinion that freedom of expression was negated in this period. It goes without saying that in the modern world, the concept of freedom of expression is projected in a narrow and dubious way. This research paper judiciously strives to reveal the indiscriminative and unbiased face of this fundamental right, and categorically clarifies the actual aspects of the freedom of expression in the rule of Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A). It has been inferred through research that in the time of Hazrar Umar Farooq (R.A) Muslim and Non-Muslims citizen alike enjoyed the liberty of giving their opinion on social problems, making positive and constructive criticisms to ensure efficient governance. Hazrat Umar (R.A) was always found to be quick in talking stringent measures against any such propaganda that could harm the self-respect of someone and ignite prejudice or hatred against any segment of society. Hazrat Umar (R.A) was the enthusiastic proponent of such freedom of thought or expression that could be pivotal in spreading righteousness and social harmony. At the end of research paper few recommendations have been made to necessarily curb the vitriolic propaganda disseminated under the pretext of freedom of expression. It has been unequivocally asserted that spreading falsehood leads to promoting prejudice, sectarianism and social disharmony that causes social instability and peace lessness.

Social Disharmony and Racial Injustice: W. E. B. Du Bois’s Theories on Crime

Abstract Although W. E. B. Du Bois addresses crime in Black communities in many of his writings, he is rarely recognized as having a cohesive theory on crime, and his work is often conflated with Shaw and McKay’s social disorganization theory. While both social disorganization and Du Bois’s theories pushed sociology and criminology away from pseudo-biological explanations of crime to the social environment, the Chicago School analyzed how social control broke down within neighborhoods, while Du Bois analyzed how racist social and economic exclusion of Black communities led to crime. Du Bois’s criminological theories of social disharmony and racial injustice also consider the social construction of crime and the criminalization of Blackness where social disorganization does not. Focusing on the relations of racial exclusion led Du Bois to propose solutions to crime that focus on mechanisms of oppression and economic injustice across various levels of society. This approach differs widely from community-level interventions driven by social disorganization theory, which focus on improving informal social control within neighborhoods. Du Bois's theories on crime and the social environment provide an analytic lens for sociologists to link the social organization within communities to the social organization across communities.

Visions for intercultural music teacher education in complex societies

This article presents a synthesis of findings from a large-scale research project, the Global Visions Through Mobilizing Networks—Co-developing Intercultural Music Teacher Education in Finland, Israel and Nepal ( https://sites.uniarts.fi/web/globalvisions/home ), and conveys its theoretical and practical explorations and insights. By envisioning 21st-century music teacher education from the perspective of interculturality and through transnational collaboration, Global Visions has engaged with international societal changes and struggles related to the rising tides of xenophobia, populism, and social disharmony, by focusing on what happens at the boundaries, in dialogue, and in conflict when difference is encountered, experienced, and reflected upon. While the dominant culturalist view presents music as neutral and diversity as tied mainly to ethnicity, Global Visions has recognized, analyzed, exemplified, and increased understanding of the complex politics of diversity. Resulting in envisioned music teacher education programs as innovative game changers, the project has enhanced professional reflexivity through considering the responsibility and moral aspects of music teacher education. Six main focus areas of the project are presented with recommendations for future research and practice in music teacher education: (a) research education and research as intervention; (b) reflexivity and professional learning in intercultural encounters; (c) the capacity to aspire in music teacher education; (d) the development of intersectional praxis; (e) intercultural music education as a political engagement; and (f) transcultural professional development and international professionalization.