Social Development Project Research Articles

The Role of Government Expenditure in Shaping ASEAN Economic Growth: A Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach

This study uses a quantitative technique to investigate the relationship between government spending and economic progress in ASEAN nations. The paper examines yearly secondary data from eleven ASEAN states between 2000 and 2022 using panel data analysis. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique is employed in the study to identify long-term cointegrating correlations between variables. The findings demonstrate that government expenditure has a significant and positive long-term impact on economic growth, stressing the need of investing in ASEAN-wide economic and social development projects. However, the short-term effects of government spending appear to be minimal, owing to delays in collecting benefits from these expenditures.

Diaspora and Conflict: The Case of Tamils in Germany

While most research on the Tamil diaspora and the conflict in Sri Lanka studies the Tamil diaspora in the United Kingdom and Canada, this article focuses on the role of organized Tamils in Germany. Based on an extensive three years of qualitative field study in Germany and Sri Lanka, and using the theoretical framework of Bercovitch's (2007) conflict cycle, I analyzed the engagement of the Tamil diaspora in Sri Lanka in three phases of the conflict: conflict emergence before the war (until 1983), conflict escalation and the war (1983–2009), and post-conflict reconstruction after the war (from 2009). In each of these phases, they took different positions toward the conflict. Before the war, German Tamil organizations were reluctant to get involved in the conflict. During the war, some Tamil diaspora organizations in Germany were involved in the war to a minor degree by their active membership and political participation in larger umbrella organizations initiated by the Tamil militant organization called Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The larger part of the diaspora focused on self-initiated and independent social development projects in Sri Lanka. After the LTTE lost the war, the second generation of Tamils took over leadership positions in the diaspora in Germany and focused on new social and health projects in Sri Lanka.

Stakeholder Engagement and Successful Implementation of Social Economic Development Project: A Case of Jyambere Project

Stakeholder Engagement and Successful Implementation of Social Economic Development Project: A Case of Jyambere Project

The Role of Tangguh Development Projects in Achieving Welfare for the Papuan Community

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the role of the Tangguh Development Project in realizing the welfare of the Papuan people. Methods: Describe the methodology used in the study, such as data collection methods, analysis techniques, and any relevant frameworks or theories employed to assess the impact of the Tangguh Development Project on Papuan welfare. This could involve surveys, interviews, case studies, or statistical analysis. Results and Discussion: Present the findings of the study regarding the role of the Tangguh Development Project in promoting the welfare of the Papuan people. Discuss the positive impacts, if any, as well as any shortcomings or challenges faced by BP Tangguh in fulfilling its commitments. Analyze the discrepancies between BP's claims and the actual conditions on the ground, particularly in the economic sector. Implications of the Research: Discuss the implications of the findings for various stakeholders, including BP Tangguh, the Indonesian government, local communities in Papua, and environmental advocacy groups. Address the potential socio-economic, environmental, and political implications of the Tangguh Development Project on Papuan welfare and broader regional development. Originality/Value: Highlight the original contributions of the study to the existing literature on corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, and resource extraction projects in indigenous or marginalized communities. Emphasize the value of the research in informing future policy decisions, corporate practices, and community engagement strategies aimed at promoting inclusive development and equitable distribution of benefits from resource projects like the Tangguh Development Project.

Limited access to education for child labors: A study of Bangladesh’s Khulna City

Child labor is a prevalent issue in Bangladesh, depriving many children of educational opportunities. This study examines the impact of child labor on education. Apart from that, this study also explores various factors such as socio-cultural, economic, environmental, and psychological impacts. This study uses qualitative research methods cross sectional and the study was conducted using primary data. Interviews are conducted with focusing on ten teenagers, including nine boys and one girl. This study clarifies the points influencing the accessibility to education, which are the impacts of child labor. The findings shed light on the challenges in accessing education caused by child labor and can inform social development projects, NGOs, and government initiatives. This study concludes that the importance of emphasizing of collaboration among stakeholders to ensure universal access to quality education. It also suggests that the findings can guide future research and policy development to address child labor and improve educational accessibility.

Impact of Community and Social Development Projects (CSDP) on the economic performance of Cassava Farmers in Edo State, Nigeria

Impact of Community and Social Development Projects (CSDP) on the economic performance of Cassava Farmers in Edo State, Nigeria

Flagellar pH homeostasis mediated by Na+/H+ exchangers regulates human sperm functions through coupling with CatSper and KSper activation.

Whether and how do Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) regulate the physiological functions of human sperm? NHE-mediated flagellar intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis facilitates the activation of the pH-sensitive, sperm-specific Ca2+ channel (CatSper) and the sperm-specific K+ channel (KSper), which subsequently modulate sperm motility, hyperactivation, flagellar tyrosine phosphorylation, and the progesterone (P4)-induced acrosome reaction. Sperm pHi alkalization is an essential prerequisite for the acquisition of sperm-fertilizing capacity. Different sperm functions are strictly controlled by particular pHi regulatory mechanisms. NHEs are suggested to modulate sperm H+ efflux. This was a laboratory study that used samples from >50 sperm donors over a period of 1 year. To evaluate NHE action on human sperm function, 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (DMA), a highly selective inhibitor of NHEs, was utilized. All experiments were repeated at least five times using different individual sperm samples or cells. By utilizing the pH fluorescent indicator pHrodo Red-AM, we detected alterations in single-cell pHi value in human sperm. The currents of CatSper and KSper in human sperm were recorded by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Changes in population and single-cell Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) of human sperm loaded with Fluo 4-AM were measured. Membrane potential (Vm) and population pHi were quantitatively examined by a multimode plate reader after sperm were loaded with 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide and 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester, respectively. Sperm motility parameters were assessed by a computer-assisted semen analysis system. Tyrosine phosphorylation was determined by immunofluorescence, and sperm acrosome reaction was evaluated by Pisum sativum agglutinin-FITC staining. DMA-induced NHEs inhibition severely acidified the human sperm flagellar pHi from 7.20 ± 0.04 to 6.38 ± 0.12 (mean ± SEM), while the effect of DMA on acrosomal pHi was less obvious (from 5.90 ± 0.13 to 5.57 ± 0.12, mean ± SEM). The whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that NHE inhibition remarkably suppressed alkalization-induced activation of CatSper and KSper. As a consequence, impairment of [Ca2+]i homeostasis and Vm maintenance were detected in the presence of DMA. During the capacitation process, pre-treatment with DMA for 2 h potently decreased sperm pHi, which in turn decreased sperm motility and kinetic parameters. Sperm capacitation-associated functions, including hyperactivation, tyrosine phosphorylation, and P4-induced acrosome reaction, were also compromised by NHE inhibition. N/A. This was an in vitro study. Caution should be taken when extrapolating these results to in vivo applications. This study revealed that NHEs are important physiological regulators for human CatSper and KSper, which are indispensable for human sperm fertility, suggesting that malfunction of NHEs could be an underlying mechanism for the pathogenesis of male infertility. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271167 and 81871202 to X.Z.), Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Plan (JSSCRC20211543 to X.Z.), the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2022765 to X.Z.), the Society and livelihood Project of Nantong City (No. MS22022087 to X.Z.), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220608 to H.K.). The authors have no competing interests to declare.

Effect of Project Risk Management on Performance of Social Development Projects in Rwanda: A Case of VUP Financial Services Project in Gakenke District

Effect of Project Risk Management on Performance of Social Development Projects in Rwanda: A Case of VUP Financial Services Project in Gakenke District

Both protein and non-protein components in extracellular vesicles of human seminal plasma improve human sperm function via CatSper-mediated calcium signaling.

What is the significance and mechanism of human seminal plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in regulating human sperm functions? EV increases the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i via extracellular Ca2+ influx by activating CatSper channels, and subsequently modulate human sperm motility, especially hyperactivated motility, which is attributed to both protein and non-protein components in EV. EVs are functional regulators of human sperm function, and EV cargoes from normal and asthenozoospermic seminal plasma are different. Pre-fusion of EV with sperm in the acidic and non-physiological sucrose buffer solution could elevate [Ca2+]i in human sperm. CatSper, a principle Ca2+ channel in human sperm, is responsible for the [Ca2+]i regulation when sperm respond to diverse extracellular stimuli. However, the role of CatSper in EV-evoked calcium signaling and its potential physiological significance remain unclear. EV isolated from the seminal plasma of normal and asthenozoospermic semen were utilized to investigate the mechanism by which EV regulates calcium signal in human sperm, including the involvement of CatSper and the responsible cargoes in EV. In addition, the clinical application potential of EV and EV protein-derived peptides were also evaluated. This is a laboratory study that went on for more than 5 years and involved more than 200 separate experiments. Semen donors were recruited in accordance with the Institutional Ethics Committee on human subjects of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The Flow NanoAnalyzer, western blotting, and transmission electron microscope were used to systematically characterize seminal plasma EV. Sperm [Ca2+]i responses were examined by fluorimetric measurement. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was performed to record CatSper currents. Sperm motility parameters were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Sperm hyperactivation was also evaluated by examining their penetration ability in viscous methylcellulose media. Protein and non-protein components in EV were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrum. The levels of prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, and DNA integrity were detected by commercial kits. EV increased [Ca2+]i via an extracellular Ca2+ influx, which could be suppressed by a CatSper inhibitor. Also, EV potentiated CatSper currents in human sperm. Furthermore, the EV-in [Ca2+]i increase and CatSper currents were absent in a CatSper-deficient sperm, confirming the crucial role of CatSper in EV induced Ca2+ signaling in human sperm. Both proteins and non-protein components of EV contributed to the increase of [Ca2+]i, which were important for the effects of EV on human sperm. Consequently, EV and its cargos promoted sperm hyperactivated motility. In addition, seminal plasma EV protein-derived peptides, such as NAT1-derived peptide (N-P) and THBS-1-derived peptide (T-P), could activate the sperm calcium signal and enhance sperm function. Interestingly, EV derived from asthenozoospermic semen caused a lower increase of [Ca2+]i than that isolated from normal seminal plasma (N-EV), and N-EV significantly improved sperm motility and function in both asthenozoospermic samples and frozen-thawed sperm. N/A. This was an in vitro study and caution must be taken when extrapolating the physiological relevance to in vivo regulation of sperm. Our findings demonstrate that the CatSper-mediated-Ca2+ signaling is involved in EV-modulated sperm function under near physiological conditions, and EV and their derivates are a novel CatSper and sperm function regulators with potential for clinical application. They may be developed to improve sperm motility resulting from low [Ca2+]i response and/or freezing and thawing. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271167), the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province (BE2022765), the Nantong Social and People's Livelihood Science and Technology Plan (MS22022087), the Basic Science Research Program of Nantong (JC22022086), and the Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Plan (JSSCRC2021543). The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethno-Cultural Associations as Shadow States: The Case of Ijebu Province in Western Nigeria, 1900-1960

Extant scholarly works on ethno-cultural associations (ECAs) have done little to provide a robust historical perspective on their roles in community development of British colonies in continental Africa. Thus, this paper is an attempt to fill the gap in the body of knowledge on ethno-cultural associations in colonial Africa with specific reference to Ijebu province in Western Nigeria. The study is aimed at providing a critical historical discourse on the social, economic and political roles of ethno-cultural associations in colonial Ijebu province of Western Nigeria. The study utilises primary and secondary sources. While archival materials and oral interviews provide the primary data in this discourse, books, journal articles and newspaper reports are explored as secondary data. The study found out that the efforts made by the ECAs through several strategies in colonial Ijebuland brought about meaningful development at the community level. We also found out that the ECAs represented indigenous organizational structures developed by the Ijebu people and functioned as community-wide forums for problem identification and prioritization, social and financial resource mobilization and development project implementation at the community level in colonial Ijebu province of Western Nigeria. The study concludes among other things that the ECAs were more or less shadow states and that their efforts must be seen against the background of the failure of the colonial state and the Ijebu Native Administration between 1900 and 1960.

Impact of Community and Social Development Project on Livelihood of Beneficiaries in Danko/Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria

Between the years 2010 and 2013, the Nigerian Government established a transforming structure called the Community and Social Development Project (CSDP). This research explores the influences of that project on livelihoods of beneficiaries located in Danko/Wasagu Local Government Area (LGA) of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling techniques was used for the study. In the first stage, Four (4) of the twenty-four (24) communities in Danko/Wasagu were purposely selected because they fully implemented their Community Development Plan (CDP). In the second stage, Two hundred beneficiaries (50 for each of the four communities) were randomly selected as a random sample for the study based on their membership of community development association and their primary occupation is farming. Descriptive statistics and Paired Sample t-test were tools used to look for perceived influences between project delivery and post project availability of livelihood resources. The study provided livelihood information and perceptions from beneficiaries of the CSDP through data collected before and after the project. The results inferred significant improvement in access to resources particularly in health and transport amongst all communities. Improved access to water however, was only significant in two communities. The study recommend that following the closure of the CSDP, that continued development and maintenance of infrastructures provided by the project was transferred to Danko/Wasagu local government authority.

ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES OF COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN BENUE, NASARAWA, AND TARABA STATES

The study anchored on assessment of communication strategies of Community and Social Development Projects in Benue, Nasarawa and Taraba States in Nigeria. The statement of the problem centred on how effective the communication strategies were in terms of their deployment; the specific communication channels used; the challenges of the use of these communication strategies. The objectives of the study were to: determine the communication strategies, ascertain how the communication strategies are deployed and the challenges of communication strategies used. The theories used were the Developmental State Theory and Alternative Paradigm Model. The aim of this study was to ascertain how the communication strategies are deployed. The methodology adopted in this research designs were survey and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The population of the study was 11, 468, 425; the sample size was 384, while the sampling techniques were multi-stage, and simple random sampling techniques. The study find out that the respondents were fully-aware of the CSDPs in their communities based on the communication strategies; and that mobile phone calls/text messages and WhatsApp messages have now displaced radio as the dominant communication channels. The finding of the study show that the communication strategies deployed contributed maximally to the success.

Using Outcome Mapping as a Monitoring and Evaluation Methodology for Creatives in Social Change and Development Projects

Using Outcome Mapping as a Monitoring and Evaluation Methodology for Creatives in Social Change and Development Projects

Assessment of Community and Social Projects on Social Infrastructural Development of Kwali Area Council Federal Capital Territory

This study focuses on the assessment of the Community and Social Development Projects (CSDP) on social infrastructure development in the Kwali Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Social infrastructure plays a vital role in enhancing the quality of life and well-being of a community's residents. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of the CSDP's initiatives in promoting social infrastructural development within the Kwali Area Council. The study adopted the documentary research method through the review of various documents—books, journals, government publications, and other written materials that are relevant and valid in the area of study by subjecting the various information to deductive reasoning to find answers to research questions. The findings from the presented data highlighted the substantial impact of the Federal Capital Territory Community and Social Development Project (FCT-CSDP) on the development of social infrastructure in Kwali Area Council. The construction and rehabilitation initiatives undertaken through FCT-CSDP grants have significantly contributed to various aspects of the community. The study recommends that to ensure the continued benefits of the FCT-CSDP initiatives, it's crucial to incorporate sustainability measures into project planning. This could involve training community members in the maintenance and management of the constructed facilities, creating income-generating activities linked to the projects, and establishing mechanisms for ongoing monitoring and evaluation.

CROWDFUNDING – AN INNOVATIVE METHOD OF FINANCING IN UKRAINE

The research identified innovative characteristics of crowdfunding, which make it an effective way of financing projects of social and economic development. It is hypothesized that the most effective methods of financing modern innovations are related to the environment of their functioning – the modern information and communication space represented by the Internet and social networks. This study reveals the essence of the concept of crowdfunding as an alternative way of financing creative ideas, startups, innovations, the latest technologies, socially significant projects in the conditions of the development of computerization and informatization. The subjects of this financing instrument are identified, and the essence of the online platforms, which are used to attract monetary allocations for the financing of the projects presented on them, is determined. The advantages for individual investors regarding investing money through crowdfunding are summarized. Approaches to understanding the essence of crowdfunding have been found. The criteria for evaluating the level of crowdfunding development are proposed: the degree and timeliness of information provision, the level of activity, the diversification of types of platforms, the interaction of the resource with the banking sector, the level of public awareness, the level of state influence. The relationship and the difference between crowdfunding and crowdsourcing are defined. Crowdfunding platforms internationalize projects and increase their chances of successful implementation. The state regulatory policy regarding crowdfunding in various states was analyzed and its financial management in Ukraine was proposed. It was established that, under the conditions of insufficient financial resources, crowdfunding is a high-quality alternative to standard investment methods, and the main environment of the subjects is medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine. The factors hindering the development of an alternative method of financing in Ukraine are outlined, as well as recommendations are provided for its further functioning in our country.

15-LB: Serum Tsukushi Is Associated with Urinary Albumin Excretion in Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Tsukushi (TSK) is a newly identified hepatokine that is associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. Although hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and metabolic disorder are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) development, there is currently no investigation about whether TSK is associated with urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and renal function. Methods: Serum TSK level was quantified by ELISA in 167 normoalbuminuria, 80 microalbuminuria, 31 macroalbuminuria patients with T2DM as compared with 53 healthy subjects. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship of TSK or other characteristics with UACR and eGFR. Results: The TSK level in the all T2DM group was prominently higher than that in the control group. Further, TSK level in macroalbuminuria group was significantly higher than normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. Multiple linear regression showed that high TSK quartile, systolic pressure, serum creatinine, HOMA-IR, low 2-h post-OGTT glucose and female were the significantly independent factors for UACR. Logistic regression demonstrated that the OR of TSK for eGFR ≤ 90 was 1.636 (95%CI 1.091-2.452, P=0.017). Conclusion: The circulating TSK increased in T2D patients with albuminuria and associated with UACR and eGFR, implied that TSK may involve in the pathogenesis of DN, which deserved future studies. Disclosure Y. Y. Li: None. Funding Talents Training Program of Shanghai Pudong Hospital (YQ202101); Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province (BE2018692); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20191222)

Cooperative behavior in blockchain-based complementary currency networks through time: The Sarafu case study

The effort to reach the 17 Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations has incentivized the adoption of IT solutions in many fields. Many systems for sustainable economic development are now relying on a digital form making them more accessible and provides the access to new functionalities. A very interesting example of such systems are complementary currencies i.e. cooperative currency systems that support national economies to provide humanitarian aid and promote sustainable development. While there are many studies on the principles and case studies of successful complementary currencies, many aspects are still unexplored, especially regarding cooperative behavior. Cooperative behavior in these systems is a key aspect, as complementary currencies are often born out of cooperation among members that face a period of crisis or they usually have the objective of creating bonds of reciprocity and integrating social networks between people, which should lead to increased cooperation. However, there is a lack of studies on many aspects of cooperative behavior in complementary currencies, such as how such behavior changes over time, especially in times of a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover how cooperation behavior is affected by time and different geographical locations is still unclear. In this work, we analyze Sarafu, a complementary currency that went digital and now relies on blockchain technology. Sarafu is a successful case of a complementary currency that was used for humanitarian aid during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, Sarafu is a perfect case study for the study of cooperative behavior, as it implements a special type of account, the group account, to support cooperation groups. This feature supports the study of group dynamics and behavior. What we find is that Sarafu users exhibit strong reliance on cooperation groups; we also observe that the interaction of users and cooperation groups is influenced by both time and geographical location. The study of group accounts and in general mechanisms that promote cooperation can be useful for other humanitarian or community development projects. Moreover, similar cooperation enhancers could have an important role in other social development projects, and in general, in any setting where there is a strong need to foster cooperation for reaching social good.

Neutrophil extracellular traps as a unique target in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy and remains a huge clinical challenge. Here, we explore the role of microcirculation hypoxia induced by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the development of CIPN and look for potential treatment. The expression of NETs in plasma and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are examined by ELISA, IHC, IF and Western blotting. IVIS Spectrum imaging and Laser Doppler Flow Metry are applied to explore the microcirculation hypoxia induced by NETs in the development of CIPN. Stroke Homing peptide (SHp)-guided deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase1) is used to degrade NETs. The level of NETs in patients received chemotherapy increases significantly. And NETs accumulate in the DRG and limbs in CIPN mice. It leads to disturbed microcirculation and ischemic status in limbs and sciatic nerves treated with oxaliplatin (L-OHP). Furthermore, targeting NETs with DNase1 significantly reduces the chemotherapy-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The pharmacological or genetic inhibition on myeloperoxidase (MPO) or peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) dramatically improves microcirculation disturbance caused by L-OHP and prevents the development of CIPN in mice. In addition to uncovering the role of NETs as a key element in the development of CIPN, our finding provides a potential therapeutic strategy that targeted degradation of NETs by SHp-guided DNase1 could be an effective treatment for CIPN. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China81870870, 81971047, 81773798, 82271252; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceBK20191253; Major Project of "Science and Technology Innovation Fund" of Nanjing Medical University2017NJMUCX004; Key R&D Program (Social Development) Project of Jiangsu ProvinceBE2019732; Nanjing Special Fund for Health Science and Technology DevelopmentYKK19170.

Implications of Religion Engagement and Development Projects on Gender Equality

The study rationalized how development projects implemented through religion engagement (RE) implicates satisfactorily attaining gender equality. Reorganized establishment based on secondary data analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques found how social development projects implemented through RE increased gender equality, thus reducing gender gap index. And this is evidenced by how the gender gap index in Tanzania declined from 0.652 to 0.537 between 1995 and 2017. However, it was high, as by 2022 the gender gap index recorded 0.72 in Tanzania. This attributed by several factors, including agricultural and livestock development projects, increased gender inequality as men dominate more than women, and causal factors are that women lack capital and are inaccessible to credit services as they lack mortgage assets. The conclusion shows development projects implemented through RE are significantly increasing gender equality, but a gap remains a crucial problem facing Tanzanians and recommendations geared to policy makers to employ effective policies and adopt practical modalities.

Degrowth and International Law: Assessing the Compatibility of Degrowth and the Principle of Sustainable Development

This article explores whether the international law principle of sustainable development is compatible with the degrowth development framework. Sustainable development is a guiding and binding principle of international law which calls for development that meets the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This article is grounded in the international law principle of sustainable development because of the significant position it occupies in international law as a guiding principle of the United Nations. Degrowth calls for the intentional downscaling of production and consumption at all levels to bring human activity back within planetary boundaries while securing decent levels of human well-being. It challenges the common-sense understanding that economic growth is an indispensable part of development and instead relies on policies which redistribute already existing wealth to fund social development projects. An approach to social concerns in this way ensures that less environmental capital is needed to develop States. This article takes a broad approach to sustainable development and degrowth and argues that they are complementary because they share the same base, namely the intersection between economic development, social development, and environmental protection. This article ultimately concludes that the principle of sustainable development is compatible with and is most purely manifested within a degrowth framework.