Social Dangers Research Articles

Образ жизни современного человека как фактор риска развития урологических заболеваний: от профилактики к лечению.

Introduction. Over the past decades, in the era of urbanization, man is faced with a large number of risk factors that become an integral part of his daily life. Thus, high levels of stress, unbalanced nutrition, physical inactivity, irregular sex life leads to an increased risk of developing a number of diseases, including the organs of the genitourinary system. This review is devoted to assessing the role of various drugs and dietary supplements in maintaining urological health. Materials and methods. The search for the necessary literature for the review was carried out in the PubMed database, in the Russian scientific eLibrary eLibrary.ru and in the search engine « Google Scholar». Results. From the point of view of pathophysiology, useful and effective drugs and complexes are a whole line, ranging from the Vitaprost®, used in the treatment of prostatitis in men, to the biologically active supplement Urinal® Nephro, used to facilitate the removal of concretions and improve the functional state of the urinary system. Some of dietary supplements proved to be useful for male fertility and sexual life of men improvement, providing a complex antioxidant effect on the state of the reproductive system, as well as having an anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion. In the conditions of growing urbanization, men should not forget about the available opportunities for maintaining urological health, which, along with eliminating or minimizing risk factors, will help not only preserve, but also increase the potential of a modern person, unwittingly drawn into the cycle of inevitable social dangers for his own physical well-being.

Human experiences in dense and open woodland; the role of different danger threats

Exposure to non-threatening natural environments promotes human wellbeing by supporting restoration of negative mood and mental fatigue. But many natural environments will harbour a threat at some point in time. Understanding if and how these threats affect human experiences in natural environments is important for land management and human wellbeing. In an on-line experiment participants (n = 300) rated how they would feel in two different types of woodland environments (dense and open) under 5 different conditions (control, an animal threat, a social threat, danger of tripping and falling and of getting lost). All dangers undermined positive experiences in the environment, in particular social dangers. The negative impact of an animal danger or the danger of tripping and falling on reported experiences was greater in dense woodlands. However, participants reported feeling more in control over a social danger in a dense woodland.

Bias in human data: A feedback from social sciences

AbstractThe fairness of human‐related software has become critical with its widespread use in our daily lives, where life‐changing decisions are made. However, with the use of these systems, many erroneous results emerged. Technologies have started to be developed to tackle unexpected results. As for the solution to the issue, companies generally focus on algorithm‐oriented errors. The utilized solutions usually only work in some algorithms. Because the cause of the problem is not just the algorithm; it is also the data itself. For instance, deep learning cannot establish the cause–effect relationship quickly. In addition, the boundaries between statistical or heuristic algorithms are unclear. The algorithm's fairness may vary depending on the data related to context. From this point of view, our article focuses on how the data should be, which is not a matter of statistics. In this direction, the picture in question has been revealed through a scenario specific to “vulnerable and disadvantaged” groups, which is one of the most fundamental problems today. With the joint contribution of computer science and social sciences, it aims to predict the possible social dangers that may arise from artificial intelligence algorithms using the clues obtained in this study. To highlight the potential social and mass problems caused by data, Gerbner's “cultivation theory” is reinterpreted. To this end, we conduct an experimental evaluation on popular algorithms and their data sets, such as Word2Vec, GloVe, and ELMO. The article stresses the importance of a holistic approach combining the algorithm, data, and an interdisciplinary assessment.This article is categorized under: Algorithmic Development > Statistics

Between Concealment and Disclosure: Approaches to the History of Privacy in Knowledge-Making

Between Concealment and Disclosure: Approaches to the History of Privacy in Knowledge-Making

“It’s a Kind of Magic”: Juggling Privacy and Prosecution for Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century English Magical Practitioners

Practitioners of ritual magic in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Britain faced both legal and social dangers, yet continued to engage in their activities with the assistance and support of other members of society. Doing so necessitated the acquisition and maintenance of privacy, even if it must often be breached to ensure success. After a discussion of ritual magicians’ privacy in both indoor and outdoor settings, this chapter examines scrying, a subtype of ritual magic in which the magician gains knowledge by means of looking into a reflective surface. Both manuals of magic and popular and legal accounts of such rituals display how magicians aspired to privacy under challenging social and spatial conditions, with varying degrees of success.

Urban construction-based social risks assessment in hot arid countries with social network analysis

Social consequences on urban development are becoming increasingly relevant in Kuwait. Social risks associated with urban construction projects have utmost level of uncertainty for community and their significance is growing tremendously. The study aims to assess social risks of urban construction projects by using social risk analysis theory in Kuwait. A case study was conducted in Kuwait, including 17 incidents of social disputes in construction projects, and 12 factors of social risk were evaluated. Based on literature review and reported cases in Kuwait, 08 stakeholders associated with key social risk factors were identified. A conceptual framework for the analysis of social risk was established taking into account the relationships among risks and stakeholders by using Gephi and UNICET. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from construction field. Thematic analysis was performed for social risks associated with construction engineering. The SNA model's analytical results revealed that social dangers were highly linked to challenges such as erroneous decision-making, poor reliability of government and government's inept/ineffective management. Structure difficulties and inadequate environmental protection were the riskiest elements in a complex setting, and they should be given special attention. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it was revealed that poor credibility of government had the most frequencies among the 12 other social risk factors, followed by government's lack management and improper decision making with equal proportions, site safety hazards and claim and compensation. Survey for stakeholders showed that government had the highest frequency which indicates that public and contractors are the most significant participants. The weighted degree of weighted degree of Social Risk and Stakeholders concluded that stakeholders set are the nodes with the highest weighted degree compared to Social Risk set. Moreover, the government, owner, contractor, designer, and the construction supervisor are the most weighted nodes in the stakeholder set, while communities, residents, and media are the least. Government's Lax/Improper Administration, Poor Credibility of Government, and Unsuitable Decision-Making have the most weighted degrees in the social risk set. According to centrality results, facilitators are the most important social risks with the highest capability of beginning a point of information to prevent a set of consequential social risks that has a direct effect on the general population. As a result of this role, they are the most crucial aspect in social risk management. In conclusion, the suggested social risk analysis approach can help project managers, government officials, and project owners pay more attention to social risk elements by providing a formal framework for analyzing such risks and minimizing social impacts.

Disintegration in the Age of COVID-19: Biological Contamination, Social Danger, and the Search for Solidarity

Like any disaster, COVID-19 laid waste to infrastructure and the ability for a community to do community. But, unlike a tornado or nuclear meltdown, COVID-19 laid waste to social infrastructure in unique ways that only a disease can do. On the one hand, a pandemic brings biological dangers that, in turn, make all individuals—loved ones, too—into potential threats of biological contamination. On the other hand, the efforts to contain disease present social dangers, as isolation and distancing threatens mundane and spectacular ritualized encounters and mask-wearing heighten our awareness of the biological risk. By exploring the link between disasters and disease, this paper leverages the lens of contamination, beginning first with the barriers it presents to making and remaking the self in everyday life. Constraints on ritualized encounters, both in terms of delimiting face-to-face interaction and in determining that some spaces have contaminative risks, reduces collective life to imagined communities or shifts to digitally mediated spaces. The former intensifies the sense of anomie people feel as their social world appears as though it were disintegrating while the latter presents severe neurobiological challenges to reproducing what face-to-face interaction habitually generates. Finally, these micro/meso-level processes are contextualized by considering how institutions, particularly polity but also science, manage collective risk and how their efficacy may either contribute to the erosion of solidarity or provide a sense of support in the face of anomic terror. Using the US to illustrate these processes, we are able to show how an inefficacious state response weakens the already tenuous connective tissue that holds a diffuse and diverse population together, while also exposing and intensifying existing political, economic, and cultural fissures, thereby further eroding existing solidarity and the capacity to rebuild post-pandemic cohesion.

Crimes related to new psychoactive substances in rural segregates of Miskolc in Hungary

Aim: The article examines the relationship between new psychoactive drugs and segregation in one city (Miskolc), showing the mechanism of its effects. The study indicates that deprived social milieu, poverty, and hopelessness are excellent breeding grounds for this new form of drug crime by structuring drug crime into a crime involving new psychoactive substances (NPS), affordable for the poorer classes, and classic drugs.Methodology: Given the purpose of the research, the study was based primarily on literature and historical data, a review of legal sources, and an analysis of police headquarters case statistics and CSO data. The regulatory efforts of urban decision-makers to address the problem have also been analyzed. With regard to the purpose of the research, the study was based primarily on literature and historical data, a review of legal sources, and analysis of police headquarters case statistics and CSO data. The regulatory efforts made by city policymakers to address the problem were also analyzed.Findings: New psychoactive drugs target slums, thus structuring the drug market. The poor have easy access to NPS, while the wealthier classes turn to classic drugs (cocaine, MDMA, etc.). The presence of NPS in a given area alters the crime trend and perpetuates underdevelopment. In the long term, it slows down improvement. Law enforcement and judicial instruments are not sufficient to address and reduce it. In addition, the law threatens to lower penalties for dealing in NPS so that even the risk premium is not built into the price of such substances, ensuring easy access for the impoverished. Meanwhile, such chemicals' health and social dangers are at least if not higher than those of traditional drugs.Value: The results may be helpful for city policymakers, crime prevention professionals, and police management. The study has the potential to inform the broader scientific community about the complex dangers of NPS. The study can be an essential starting point for further research into new phenomena of drug crime and the extent of health and social harm associated with new psychoactive substances. As well as to develop new methods and criminological recommendations for law enforcement.

The Place and Role of the Education System in the Development of Modern Social Relations in the Russian State in the Context of National Security

The purpose of the article is a socio-philosophical analysis of the conceptual and practical significance of the Russian education system in the consolidation of society on the path of its creation, development and resistance to modern social threats and dangers. The Russian education system is designed to form a high intellectual, strong-willed, creative-labour and protective potential not solely for the individual but also for all the citizens of the country. The potentials mentioned above should be formed in the modern education system, ensuring its crucial role not only in the development of the Russian state but also in ensuring optimum efficient social relations and purposeful organization of national security.

An Account of Civil Liability for Violating Private Life in Social Media

The incredible utilization of online media brought about significant advantages for mankind in their everyday life. In any case, its utilization was never intended for antagonistic maltreatment by an enormous number of individuals to hurt others, especially spying on their private life. As such, this has seen the issue of identity and social dangers skyrocketing in the recent past. The numerous calls for outright freedom of opinion and the privilege of the individual to talk about everything, away from legitimate punishments, just as obliviousness of numerous individuals of their privacy rights such as their right for protection, depict these acts. With these incidences being on the rise, there is the need for legislative intervention. It is based on these incidences that the study sought to investigate an account of civil liability on the violation of private life in social media. The study pointed out the effects of social media on the idea of the privilege of life security, the privilege of data protection, and the legal legislation on the infringement of protection in terms of the material and moral aspect (Gomez, 2021). The study involved the use of the descriptive and analytical approach whereby keywords were used to search relevant data on the subject of protection of private life and its infringement through social sites. The research inferred that there is confusion in ideas and applications with regard to the idea of private life. Also, because of the relationship between basic liberties and opinion, the civil laws become clear. Furthermore, as the result of the quick advancements in the field of social media, the subsequent specialized complexities of civil liability and controlling its sources are identified. The study suggested for additional discussions on this phenomenon and refreshing the continuous legislations to adapt to the quick and nonstop improvement of the technical revolution. Given what is popular today of the intentional display of individual information increasing via social media sites and the widespread phenomenon of spying the private life of others, this raises the issue of identity and social dangers coming about because of the digital presence of people. Dealing with abuses that influence them by governments, or any other parties, needs numerous directions on the most proficient method to secure them by updating the significant legitimate frameworks.

EKOLOGIYA SOHASIDAGI JINOYATLAR OBYEKTIV BELGILARI VA O‘ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI: TAHLIL VA TAKLIF

In this article, such research methods were widely used as logical, systemic, comparative legal. In particular, the article explains in detail such concepts as in the sphere of environmental, general environmental crimes and special environmental crimes crime, gives the opinions of scientists about the signs of a crime, such signs as the social dangers of a crime, illegality, delinquency and inevitability of punishment. It also highlights the necessary signs of a crime, the opinions expressed by scientists in the theory of criminal law about these signs, and then the elements of the corpus delicti and the objective signs of the corpus delicti that characterize these elements are consistently described. This reflects the views and ideas of not only scholars of the Romano-Germanic legal family, but also scholars of the Anglo-Saxon legal family. In addition, the main attention in this article is paid to theoretical and practical problems related to the criminal-legal value of the subjective and objective signs of a crime and its specific criminal-legal aspects, as well as the necessary and optional signs of the corpus delicti of some crimes listed in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. At the same time, the criminal legislation of the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Japan and the Russian Federation is analyzed, in connection with which specific proposals and recommendations have been developed for improving the criminal legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Medical Cultures, Therapeutic Properties, and Laws in Global History

Medical Cultures, Therapeutic Properties, and Laws in Global History

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ И ЕЕ СТРУКТУРНЫХ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИХ У СТУДЕНТОВ ГОРОДА БИРОБИДЖАНА

Social competence determines the capacity of the young people to face the social dangers. The authors of the article give an extended structure of a person’s social competence. Summarizing all the approaches for defining its structural components, among cognitive, axiological, reflexive, behavioral components, the authors separate one more – social-psychological component. According to the authors, this component includes the following elements: communicative control, activity, conflict resistance, communicative tolerance, resiliency, suggestibility. The article represents the results of the research conducted among secondary vocational education students in Birobidzhan city in two steps: 1) analysis of the structural components of the social competence; 2) determination of social competence level on the scale of “high/medium/low”. The analysis revealed weak development of the activity and resiliency elements of the social-psychological component among the students. The low activity among students is due to a weakly developed ability to determine their own lives; the low resiliency is due to a lack of life experience. Along with that, the analysis showed a low development of the reflexive component, which can be attributed by an impulsive behavior, mostly injudicious. Moreover, a low self-regulation prevents students from focusing on their life-situations, feelings, desires and chosen behavior models. Low social competence level was determined among 8% of students, medium – 53%, high – 38%. Most of the students are considered to have medium level of social competence. The authors believe, there is one or two components un or underdeveloped with a medium level of social competence. It is demonstrated by the weak development of socio-psychological and reflexive components. It was also proved, that the social competence level and its components development does not depend on the gender and the age mostly, so become the result of the socialization.

Globalization and spiritual security

The article deals with the issue of new ways of missionary work and the emergence of new religions in the context of globalization, and analyzes the positive aspects and social dangers that arise during this period. The topic of introducing a course of religious studies as a supplement to the general education course for students of all specialties in order to educate comprehensively developed and spiritual individuals is touched upon.

We know off‐rolling happens. Why are we still doing nothing?

Described by General Secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders (ASCL) Geoff Barton as ‘beyond repugnant’ (TES, 2017), ‘off‐rolling’ is the removal of pupils from the school roll via various unofficial means. This study positions a plethora of triggers for this form of exclusion, its prevalence and wider social implications. These perspectives will be evaluated alongside current national data and media perspectives, integrated with the outcomes of narrative accounts from practitioners in schools across England in 2018. The study concludes by commenting on the impact of performance‐driven school cultures on limiting the choices parents and pupils are able to make when confronted by the prospect of exclusion from education. The longer‐term social dangers presented by labelling a cohort of young people as marginal to education and society are considered, as is the fitness for purpose of the current education system in the meeting of pupil needs.

Internet Pornography: Some Medical and Spiritual Perspectives.

The first part of this essay outlines some personal, psychological, and social dangers of pornography. Viewing of pornography is harmful, as it objectifies the human body and distorts one's vision of sexuality. The second part of the essay gives some practical advice concerning how to ideally halt or reverse the epidemic of porn viewing, emphasizing the dignity of each person as subject, and reminding us of how a chaste gaze helps one rediscover the real beauty and value of the human body.

A qualitative investigation of unsupervised outdoor activities for 10- to 13-year-old children: “I like adventuring but I don't like adventuring without being careful”

There has been increasing recognition of the importance of children's outdoor play and independent mobility for thriving children, neighbourhoods, cities and society, which has led to calls to reverse children's retreat from the street commonplace in many Western nations. We privilege the voices of children aged 10–13 living in three diverse neighbourhoods in an urban centre in Canada to examine the factors that influence children's unsupervised outdoor activities (UOA), such as play, hanging out, and active. A total of 105 children participated in go-along interviews. Analyses revealed two themes: First, ‘feeling safe’ encompassed a sense of social and physical safety, including children's sense of neighbourliness, social dangers, discomfort around traffic, and personal agency to keep themselves safe. Second, having ‘things to do,’ included the affordances that children perceived as important in their neighbourhoods, particularly having other children to play with, diverse amenities and access to nature, and opportunities for challenge and risky play. We outline a conceptual model of children's decision process for UOA that identifies key variables that influence children's engagement in UOA.

Social Well-being of the Megalopolis Population as an Integral Indicator

Introduction. The basic theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the social well-being of the population of megacities as an integral indicator, as well as current trends in the development of new diagnostic methods are considered. The experience of empirical sociological research is presented, showing methodological algorithms for system fixation and processing of the main indicators-indicators.Methodology and sources. The analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations for diagnosing the social well-being of residents of a metropolis as an integral indicator is carried out on the basis of a set of scientific approaches. They combine the characteristics of objective and subjective indicators in a single research procedure that ensure the integrity of the external and internal characteristics of the object of study.Results and discussion. From the methodological point of view, the diagnosis of social well-being is built as a system analysis of three groups of data. Firstly, the protection of residents of St. Petersburg from social dangers and threats can be measured on the basis of indicators such as environmental threats; harassment due to gender and age; arbitrariness of officials; infringement due to nationality and religious beliefs; arbitrariness of officials; political persecution; poverty; loneliness; crime. Secondly, satisfaction with life is diagnosed by referring to such parameters as attitude to the region of residence; satisfaction with life in general. Thirdly, the degree of social optimism is revealed on the basis of appeal to such parameters as confidence in the future; comparison of the present and past lifestyle; future life forecast.Conclusion. This paper captures an important point in methodological and methodological unity in approaches. In the research methodology, the integral nature of social well-being involves an appeal to theoretical and conceptual principles that are aimed at exploring such unity. Further, the same trend is continued in integrated methods for the integrated diagnosis of social well-being.

Trumpery: A Farrago of Fragments

In this essay of fragments, I provide a moderate and occasionally mocking qualitative rant about some of the main links between trumpism and trumpery. I do so because I believe that the global community needs to become more aware of the political and social dangers embodied in the power wielded by, especially, the 45th president of the United States.

Influence of parental habits and drug use in adolescents' physical activity: a case study of an Italian high school.

Physical activity is considered a fundamental element for health promotion, also during adolescence, contributing to the psycho-physical well-being of the individuals. Here we evaluate the relationship between risk behavior and physical activity habits of adolescents and their parents. A total of 220 subjects (115 females, 105 males), aged between 14 and 18, were asked about their own and parents' physical activity habits and tobacco, alcohol, and light drug consumption. The chi-square test was used to detect differences between males and females. Categorical principal component analysis and Spearman's correlation were used to find associations between the variables analyzed. Our results show a prevalence of an active lifestyle of 52.3%, with no significant gender differences. The consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and light drugs was 28.2, 63.2, and 16.8%, respectively, with a higher prevalence in males and correlated with age. We found a positive correlation between physical activity practice and parents' physical activity, especially between mothers and daughters. Finally, male physical activity practice is inversely related to risk behaviors. Our findings underline the importance of family and parental involvement in promoting health behaviors, such as physical and sports activities, that can represent a powerful educational tool for the prevention of social dangers.