Social Construction Of Technology Research Articles

Bridging Academia and Practice with Digital Boundary Objects

ABSTRACT Extant research emphasizes the need for research artifacts to span the academic boundaries, to result in societal benefits. Digital boundary objects (DBOs), with their inherent ability of boundary spanning, are the key to translate research artifacts for non-academic audiences like practitioners. We explore the creation and dissemination of DBOs as a mechanism to bridge the epistemic divide between academics and practitioners. We employ the Gioia methodology and conduct in-depth interviews, netnography and archival data analysis. This method is apt, given our exploratory research objective of understanding the creation of DBOs through the lens of Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) theory. Our findings reveal a three-phase cyclical process model, termed epistemic framing for DBO creation. We identify DBOs as key in bridging the epistemic divide and the novelty of our research lies in identifying the iterative epistemic framing process model that helps in knowledge translation for societal advancement.

The Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights in the Digital Age

Purpose: This study sought to explore the evolution of intellectual property rights in the digital age. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the evolution of intellectual property rights in the digital age. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the digital age has significantly transformed the landscape of intellectual property rights, necessitating adaptations to traditional IP frameworks to address new challenges such as digital content piracy and unauthorized distribution. It was found that while digital technologies, like blockchain and NFTs, offer potential solutions for enhanced IP protection, existing laws often fell short of addressing the complexities introduced by these advancements. The study highlighted the need for harmonized international standards and ongoing adaptation to effectively manage and protect intellectual property in the rapidly evolving digital environment. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory of Technological Determinism, Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) Theory and the Theory of Legal Realism may be used to anchor future studies on the evolution of intellectual property. The study recommended several strategies to address the evolving challenges in intellectual property rights due to digital advancements. It suggested the adoption of technologies like blockchain for better IP management and the need for improved international cooperation to address cross-border enforcement issues. Additionally, it advised policymakers to harmonize IP standards globally and support innovations in IP protection technologies. The study also emphasized the importance of education to enhance awareness of digital IP rights and recommended legal reforms to update existing laws to better suit the digital age.

Rekonstrukcja tezy o niedookreśleniu w filozoficznych badaniach techniki

The aim of the text is to answer the question: how should the thesis of underdetermination be understood in the field of research on technology? What does this thesis help explain? What difficulties can be seen in adopting it? First, I present the context of the thesis and its first formulation in the philosophy of technology. Then I present a case study that illustrates the mechanism reconstructed in the thesis and, at the same time, an argument for its adoption. It is also a model example of an analysis conducted within SCOT (Social Construction of Technology)—the social construction of technology. Then I reconstruct an alternative formulation of the thesis—it is not mutually exclusive with Feenberg’s proposal, but in my opinion it can be treated as its specification. Finally, I present the main consequences of adopting this thesis.

Integrating generative AI in management education: A mixed-methods study using social construction of technology theory

Generative AI tools are revolutionizing various sectors, including management education, and assessing their effectiveness is crucial to unlock their full potential. The study explores the perspectives of management educators in utilizing Generative AI tools, as they face a dilemma in balancing technology usage while maintaining relevance and fostering authentic learning. This article utilizes the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) theory, which emphasizes the influence of human interventions and discourses on Generative AI technology. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the impact of Generative AI on teaching-learning compared to the traditional method. Initially, it analyzed news stories and found the frequently used words like management education, ChatGPT, AI, ethics, B-schools etc. in form of word cloud. Further, sentiment analysis of tweets from the ‘X’ platform was conducted to understand the ongoing discussions. The analysis revealed positive and negative emotions which were associated with specific terms related to management education. Thereafter, the qualitative insights gathered from management education experts helped in identifying various focal themes like assessment, curriculum, pedagogy, and regulation considering early adopters' perspectives. The study shed light on how Generative AI tools can be judiciously embraced through research and application and how they can reshape the management education landscape. It provides evidence-based guidance for educators and researchers to effectively utilize this technology while addressing administrative and ethical issues.

INTERSECTING MEDICAL AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN INDONESIA

The primary objective of this research is to illuminate the evolution of medical responsibility in Indonesia over time. By examining the complex interplay between law and medicine, social transformations, medical advancements, and shifting legal perspectives, this study seeks to enhance understanding of medical responsibility in Indonesia. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach grounded in the "Social Construction of Technology" (SCOT) theory, the research employs historical analysis to trace the origins of medical responsibility, its evolution, and the impact of various legal frameworks and cultural shifts in medicine. The study integrates qualitative data from legal and medical sources to provide a comprehensive view. Findings reveal that the evolution of medical responsibility in Indonesia is closely tied to the adoption of, and subsequent resistance to, entrenched notions within medical discourse. The research identifies a trend towards greater judicial independence from traditional medical narratives and an increased willingness to scrutinize established medical practices, particularly in the context of technological advancements. By situating these developments within Indonesia's historical and cultural context, this research enriches the understanding of medical liability's progression and ongoing transformation within a dynamic healthcare landscape. It addresses gaps in existing literature and offers a nuanced perspective on the interaction between law and medicine concerning medical liability.

The Social Construction of Technology for the Use of CHATGPT in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to map the vulnerable issue about ChatGPT in academic field. This study seeks to understand the role of online media channels in mediating the understanding behind the use of ChatGPT in Indonesia. This is because the media also constructs how new technology is used, so that the use of technology is not neutral or taken for granted according to what users want. Thus, mapping the information constructed by the media is important to locate in the context of the use of ChatGPT in Indonesia. The main research question of this paper is how does the media construct the discourse related to how ChatGPT should be used? This study tries to fill the knowledge gap over the use of ChatGPT through the social construction of technology (SCOT) approach. This study uses literature review as a method to understand the discourse about the use of ChatGPT through the existence of "relevant social groups". The result shows that online media channels not only act as producers of information, but also act as groups that construct a discourse behind the presence of ChatGPT. This study expands by analyzing the reporting or production of information about ChatGPT through online media channels in Indonesia by identifying three main themes namely context, navigation, and imagination. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of ChatGPT constructs a discourse that triggers concerns regarding its misuse as misleading technology if there is no regulation surrounding it. Therefore, strict laws, regulations, and supervision need to be implemented to ensure the optimal use of ChatGPT and in accordance with the desired goals in related fields.

Potential Risks and Benefits Associated With the Genetic Modification of Crops for Improved Nutritional Content in South Africa

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine potential risks and benefits associated with the genetic modification of crops for improved nutritional content in South Africa Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that the genetic modification of crops addresses global challenges related to malnutrition, food insecurity, and public health. By enhancing the levels of essential nutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin A, and folate in crops, genetically modified biofortified varieties have the potential to improve the nutritional status and well-being of populations, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Moreover, the adoption of GM biofortified crops has been shown to increase agricultural productivity, reduce production costs, and enhance economic returns for farmers, contributing to rural development and poverty alleviation. However, the potential risks associated with the genetic modification of crops cannot be overlooked. Concerns about food safety, environmental impact, and socio-economic equity necessitate careful consideration and proactive risk management strategies. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Risk Perception Theory & Social Construction of Technology may be used to anchor future studies on potential risks and benefits associated with the genetic modification of crops for improved nutritional content in South Africa. Engage stakeholders, including farmers, consumers, civil society organizations, and government agencies, in decision-making processes related to the development, regulation, and deployment of GM biofortified crops can foster transparency, trust, and inclusivity, leading to more socially acceptable and sustainable outcomes in practice. Develop science-based regulatory frameworks that balance the potential risks and benefits of GM biofortified crops, ensuring safety, environmental sustainability, and public health protection.

Impact of Technological Advancements on Human Existence

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to examine the impact of technological advancements on human existence. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to impact of technological advancements on human existence. Preliminary empirical review revealed that technology exerted a dual influence on society, both enhancing and detracting from human well-being. Empirical findings revealed that while innovations like smartphones and social media platforms offered unprecedented connectivity, they also posed risks to mental health and social relationships. Similarly, workplace automation and AI integration improved productivity but raised concerns about job displacement. Furthermore, the study emphasized the importance of considering socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors in understanding technology's impact. Overall, the findings underscored the need for a balanced approach to technological innovation that prioritizes human well-being, equity, and sustainability, suggesting initiatives such as promoting digital literacy and fostering inclusive technological development. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Technological Determinism, Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) may be used to anchor future studies on technological advancements on human existence. The study provided recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy. It suggested further exploration of interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks to understand technology's complex dynamics, advocated for proactive strategies in organizations to mitigate negative impacts, and called for regulatory frameworks balancing innovation with societal values. These recommendations aimed to foster digital literacy, ethical innovation, and equitable access to technology, guiding stakeholders in navigating the complexities of technology's influence on society. Keywords: Technological Advancements, Human Existence, Interdisciplinary, Digital Literacy, Ethical Innovation, Regulation, Equity, Innovation, Societal Values, Technology's Influence

Empowering Internal Control: A Case Study in Leveraging Data and Technologies

This essay responds to the PCAOB's call for insights into data analytics and emerging technologies in auditing by developing a Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) framework to embed data analytics and technologies to improve internal control performance. SCOT outlines four phases of institutionalization: problem definition, interpretative flexibility management, stabilization, and social construction. This paradigm is validated through a documented procedure of institutionalizing a data-driven analyticproject optimizing the purchase-to-payment process at a state university. The study used a value-focused thinking approach to observe and identify the values at stake in the decisions about how communication among IT, auditors, and management impacts the adoption of technologies. The collected evidence highlights the importance of identifying suitable algorithms and qualified data as the starting point for technology’s institutionalization. Additionally, the case study demonstrates mechanisms for preparingan integrated and transparent data platform, emphasizing the role of integrating relevant social groups and technology in circulating emerging technology. This study offers a practical roadmap about how to fit AI and technologies into an institutional social management ecosystem. It contributes to the literature by addressing the emerging technology usage trap and improving analytics performance, offering practical value through a social construct roadmap for institutionalizing emerging technologies.

Understanding the Intersection of Technology and Traditional Arts in Modern Sporting Events

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to look into the intersection of technology and traditional arts in modern sporting events. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to technology and traditional arts in modern sporting events. Preliminary empirical review revealed that technological advancements have fundamentally altered the presentation and reception of traditional arts within such contexts. Notably, studies examining augmented reality (AR), digital media, virtual reality (VR), wearable technology, and 3D mapping have revealed their positive impact on enhancing the spectator experience and attracting larger audiences. Additionally, research on the influence of social media platforms has underscored their role in promoting traditional arts performances, transcending geographical and cultural boundaries. The incorporation of VR and wearable technology has further enabled immersive experiences, enriching audience engagement with traditional arts. This research highlights the transformative potential of technology in preserving and promoting cultural heritage in sporting events, emphasizing the importance of ongoing innovation and collaboration between artists, technologists, and event organizers to create inclusive and culturally enriching experiences for global audiences. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social Construction of Technology (SCOT), Cultural Hybridization theory and Diffusion of Innovations theory may be used to anchor future studies on the intersection of technology and traditional arts in modern sporting events. The study provided valuable insights and recommendations for theory, practice, and policy. It emphasized recognizing and embracing the fusion of technology and traditional arts, advocating for their integration to enhance accessibility and engagement. Collaborative efforts between stakeholders were encouraged, along with policy interventions to support innovation while safeguarding cultural heritage. A holistic approach was recommended, considering socio-cultural implications and promoting inclusive and ethical practices. Continuous research and evaluation were highlighted for monitoring the evolution of this intersection. Overall, the study aimed to advance understanding and foster innovation in the integration of technology and traditional arts in sports events.

Semantic Technologies in Knowledge Management

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to explore semantic technologies in knowledge management.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to semantic technologies in knowledge management. Preliminary empirical review revealed that these technologies hold significant potential for enhancing knowledge organization, retrieval, and utilization within organizations. While theoretical benefits were recognized, practical implementation faced challenges such as technical constraints, organizational resistance, and the need for alignment with organizational objectives. Despite these hurdles, the study emphasized the importance of overcoming barriers through comprehensive approaches involving technological solutions, organizational change management, and stakeholder engagement. Overall, the study highlighted the transformative potential of semantic technologies in knowledge management but underscored the necessity of addressing challenges to realize their full benefits.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) theory, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Resource-Based View (RBV) theory may be used to anchor future studies on semantic technologies. The study made several recommendations to enhance the adoption and utilization of semantic technologies. It suggested developing standardized ontologies, prioritizing user-centric design principles, and providing ongoing training to improve digital literacy among practitioners. Additionally, the study emphasized the importance of governance mechanisms for ensuring data quality, fostering collaborative networks for knowledge sharing, and embracing a culture of experimentation and adaptation. These recommendations aimed to address challenges such as interoperability, usability, and trustworthiness, ultimately enabling organizations to leverage semantic technologies more effectively in their knowledge management practices.

Decoding technological frames: a qualitative inquiry into business analytics perspectives

ABSTRACT Technological frames, examined through the lenses of social construction of technology (SCOT) and social cognition, are pivotal in organisational research. This study presents a comprehensive literature review from SCOT and social cognition perspectives, offering nuanced insights into how individuals perceive and interpret technology. Employing an exploratory qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with professionals from diverse industries, chosen for their varied expertise. Through content analysis, we identified eight technological frame domains: affective and cognitive dimensions, application value, personal attitude, job-related factors, managerial and organisational influence, and colleagues’ impact. Our inquiry delves into the intricate factors shaping these frames, highlighting influences at both individual and organisational levels. Crucially, this study underscores the relevance of its findings for business analytics and technology management, illuminating cognitive and affective dimensions that significantly impact technology adoption and organisational outcomes.

Stakeholders’ perceptions of hydrogen and reflections on energy transition governance

BackgroundThere is a race to innovate, develop or create hydrogen production technologies to accelerate energy transition and create a hydrogen economy. Acceptance has been used in social science literature as a lens through which to anticipate possible challenges surrounding hydrogen technologies. However, very few studies problematize perceptions and focus on the production of hydrogen. Hence, this study aims to bridge these theoretical and empirical gaps using a mixed-method approach based on semi-structured interviews (n = 7) and a questionnaire survey (n = 73) to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of hydrogen production sources through a social construction of technology lens.ResultsThe findings suggest a tendency to favor hydrogen produced from renewable sources and to reject hydrogen produced from non-renewable sources. All the examined groups conform to this pattern. Their perceptions are based on prior knowledge of hydrogen technologies, with participants seeking information from specialized sources or from activities promoted by their organizations. Participants anticipate that hydrogen will be generated primarily through renewable energy sources and utilized where direct electrification is unfeasible. In addition, they envisage that the hydrogen economy will enhance energy democracy through representative participation in decision-making. Nevertheless, it is acknowledged that the topic is limited to certain social groups and kept away from the public eye. Furthermore, unlike the benefits, the perception of risk appears to have no impact on perceptions’ construction. High confidence in science appears to minimize the recognition of potential risks and bolster the recognition of potential benefits. There is, however, a lot of uncertainty about the possible real impacts of the hydrogen economy.ConclusionsThere appears to be a collective perspective on hydrogen production sources, indicating the existence of social representations. Nevertheless, group attitudes and backing towards hydrogen vary. The participants identify hydrogen as a matter that remained unnoticed for over a decade, despite its prominent position in the policies and economic approaches of numerous countries. The topic has been relegated to third parties. This exclusion of civil society from decision-making may justify the NGO group's critical stance towards hydrogen. Moreover, it suggests that energy democracy, which is based on information dissemination and participation, is not being achieved.

The failure of micro-hydro technology: A case study of the Banyubiru project in Central Java, Indonesia

This article explores the potential convergence between the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) framework and failure studies in the context of the alternative energy program in the Global South. It focuses on a single case study, namely the failure of micro-hydro technology in Banyubiru (the Banyubiru project). Using qualitative research methods, this article examines the construction of the Banyubiru project and its failure to integrate with the power grid of the Indonesia State Electricity Company (PLN), despite substantial investments, installations, and considerable interest in renewable energy from diverse stakeholder groups at local, national, and international levels. In a hybrid (online and in-person) format, semi-structured interviews were employed to obtain data. The data collection procedure also includes site visits, observations, and document analysis. The finding indicates that technology development follows a more complicated path than a straight one from interpretative flexibility to closure. It illustrates a progression from closure to interpretive flexibility, wherein social groupings initially establish formal agreements but afterwards encounter conflicting interpretations. In conclusion, the article illustrates the potential for failure studies to provide insights into the limitations of SCOT in the analysis of energy technology failures.

Elimination of Negative Stigma through the Use of Media Technology by Librarians with Blind Disabilities

This research examines the efforts of librarians with visual disabilities to remove negative stigma from society. Research focus on the use of technological media by librarians with visual disabilities to eliminate the negative stigma towards blind people who are considered unable to use technological media. Previous studies agree that every librarian's activities require visual support in all their work. The use of technological media by librarians with disabilities is a social construction of technology as an effort to change social relations in society. This research aims to find out how the use of technological media by librarians with visual disabilities in eliminating the negative stigma. This research uses a qualitative methodology with a case study approach. Data collection techniques include observation and interviews. The data obtained is explained through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and verification. Librarians with visual disabilities have the skills to operate technological media with the help of special software for blind people. Skills in using technological media are demonstrated to users who come to the library. Skills in using technological media supported by special software are demonstrated by blind librarians to users with the aim of changing the negative stigma that assumes that people with disabilities cannot use technological media in their activities. The use of technological media by librarians with disabilities is a socio-technological construction and an adaptation strategy to change their relationship with the social environment.

Age Matters: How Generational Decision-Making Cohorts Affect Disruptive Technology New Product Development

The Internet of Things (IoT), a worldwide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on standard communication protocols, has become a disruptive technology, even for decision-makers who develop products based on them. It was reported in 2015 and 2018 that decision-makers associated with the Fortune 1000 firms stated that they were hesitant to use IoT-based value propositions, primarily due to privacy and security concerns. In this article, we view decision-maker willingness to develop IoT-based products through the lens of the social construction of technology (SCOT) theory. We utilize SCOT-based generational cohorts of firm decision-makers to investigate whether generational cohorts of decision-makers are relevant in a firm's decision to launch an IoT value proposition. We argue that it is pertinent to consider age-based generations as stakeholders for IoT, which currently constitutes a gap in the literature on IoT and SCOT. We employ an exploratory survey analysis that supports the relevance of generational decision-making cohorts. We focus on age to the exclusion of other potential decision-maker cohort possibilities and discuss this as a limitation in our conclusion.

Synthesizing sociological dimensions into engineering programs: challenges for the sociology teachers in Bangladesh

This qualitative study examines the challenges and opportunities faced by sociology teachers in engineering universities in Bangladesh, focusing on the integration of sociology courses into engineering programs. Interviews with 13 faculty members reveal institutional constraints, including faculty shortages, awkward questioning from engineering department heads, perceived less social prestige alongside student-related barriers such as skepticism about sociology's relevance, perceptions of engineering disciplines' technical superiority, etc. These factors underscore the cultural and disciplinary divergences within the educational realm. While current teaching methods are acknowledged, they are deemed inadequate. The study proposes a proactive approach, leveraging principles from Social Construction of Technology, Actor-Network Theory, and Agential Realism to bridge the gap between engineering and social sciences. Recommendations include addressing curriculum deficiencies, raising awareness of sociology's importance, employing innovative teaching methods, and fostering interdisciplinary understanding. By adopting these measures, sociology educators can navigate barriers effectively, enriching educational experiences within Bangladeshi engineering universities and beyond.

Literary translators and technology: SCOT as a proactive and flexible approach

ABSTRACT This paper reports findings and observations on using the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) framework in a questionnaire study of literary translators’ self-imaging strategies and attitudes towards technology. The study took advantage of SCOT’s methodological flexibility to prioritise literary translators as a social group, hence compensating for the lack of opportunities to voice their interpretations of technology and become an active part in the framework’s development and implementation. Ultimately, the use (and adaptation) of SCOT proved useful for the identification, analysis, and discussion of recurrent themes in respondents’ narratives about technology and their position in society. In particular, SCOT helped to uncover the gap between how literary translators choose to (re)present themselves in society and how they see technology, and what other social groups might be pivotal for a more comprehensive, socially-relevant analysis. Finally, the paper presents suggestions for the use of SCOT in future research projects concerning the technologisation of the literary translation profession.

Integrating views on building performance from different stakeholder groups

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight a broader definition of good building performance that goes beyond the traditional emphasis on technical aspects, only adopting the lens of the social construction of technology (SCOT) in the empirical space of the workplace sector. Several building performance evaluation (BPE) methods focus on technical aspects such as energy consumption, indoor environmental conditions and compliance with building regulations and standards. Technical aspects, albeit important goals, only embed a partial component of what buildings are expected to deliver. There is growing interest in considering the organisational and experiential expectations of building performance, particularly integrating various views of performance as expected by different user groups.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts an archival research method to analyse the archive of the workplace consultants DEGW, particularly focusing on their work on London’s Broadgate development in the 1980s and the 1990s.FindingsThe findings reveal how voices from a pluralistic client organisation can be addressed to articulate a broad definition of building performance that integrates different viewpoints encompassing technical, organisational and experiential expectations. In DEGW’s work, the views on building performance of various stakeholders involved in the everyday use and management of buildings are identified without imposing predetermined agendas or research notions of performance. Particular emphasis is given to understanding clients as not a homogenous entity but consisting of different interest groups, which implies multiple conceptualisations of building performance and the building itself.Research limitations/implicationsThe performance expectations of a building vary between organisations and even within any organisation. Moreover, the needs of an organisation will change over time, and the BPE criteria need to be changed to ensure better alignment between organisations and the physical spaces they occupy. A critical reflection on the conceptualisation of “users” and “building” in BPE methods is required to create an integrated approach towards building performance.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights by adopting the theoretical lens of SCOT to explore an integrated approach to building performance that captures the varied needs of building users through the example of London’s Broadgate development.

Traversing the Digital Era: The Amazing Evolution of Pen and Paper to Screens and Keyboards

In this research article, the researcher delves into the ebb and flow of human ingenuity as the paper traces the evolution of writing from papyrus to pixels. Discover how humble instruments like quill pens and typewriters have propelled human into the digital frontier, forever reshaping the art of expression in the modern age. This article examines the evolution of writing tools from traditional pen and paper to digital writing in the modern age. It explores the development of writing materials such as papyrus, parchment, and paper, as well as the invention of writing tools including quill pens, fountain pens, and typewriters. The rise of digital writing tools, including word processing software and smartphones, is also discussed, along with their benefits such as increased efficiency and productivity, enhanced collaboration and sharing capabilities, and greater accessibility and flexibility. However, the article also highlights the challenges of writing in the digital age, including the impact of digital distractions on writing focus and quality, the issue of online plagiarism and copyright infringement, and the potential loss of traditional writing skills. The article concludes with recommendations for educators, school administrators, students, and researchers to strike a balance between digital and traditional writing practices, to embrace digital writing tools while preserving traditional writing skills, and to understand the importance of the evolution of writing. The theoretical frameworks of Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) Theory, Media Ecology Theory, and Activity Theory are also discussed in relation to the evolution of writing tools. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into the history, benefits, and challenges of writing in the digital age, as well as suggestions for navigating the future of writing and its tools.