Social Claims Research Articles

Right to health in Brazil and Portugal: a critical analysis of Asensi’s work

Whereas the laws that regulate the Right to Health in Brazil and Portugal could be considered similar, the modus in which this relevant part of Social Security is exercised and claimed differs significantly in practice in the two countries. Discussing the Right to Health in Brazil and Portugal, Asensi (2013) analyzes both legislation and the ways of social claims comparatively, carrying out empirical and theoretical research that facilitates understanding the legal phenomenon. This article uses a descriptive methodology to analyze the work Right to Health. Claiming Social Practices and their Effectiveness. Despite an equivalent positive right, the problem of the judicialization of health, evident in Brazil, is almost non-existent in Portugal.

Analisis Bibliometrik Industri Kreatif Berkelanjutan di Indonesia

This paper aims at providing an overview and synthesis of the existing body of knowledge about Creative Industry in Indonesia. Special attention is paid to the articles directly linked with sustainability creative industries in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – A bibliometric analysis was performed over 925 documents extracted from the Google Scholar database, using PoP, Zotero, and VOS viewer software programs. Findings – Publications related to the sustainable creative industry are still very minimal. The publication mainly reviews case studies and analyzes of the phenomena of creative industry activities in a narrow, local and thematic way. There have not been many publications regarding the theory, direction and future of sustainable industries globally. Social implications – The development of scientific knowledge about sustainability of creative industry puts this social claim on the spotlight of business management studies, helping bussinesmen and to reduce the environmental impact of corporate activities. Studying sustainability will help to reduce its frequency and, therefore, heal the planet. Conclusion - Facing the increasingly threat of damage due to developments in human needs, the sustainable industrial sector absolutely needs attention. Likewise in the creative industry sector. More attention is needed from the government and creative industry players to place greater emphasis on environmentally friendly and socially friendly industries. Thus, Scientific studies that examine sustainable creative industries must be increased and become a concern for all of us

It’s Strategic! Riders, Unions, and Litigation in Italy

Recent developments in the gig or platform economy have generated unprecedented interest in strategic litigation, raising important theoretical questions about what qualifies litigation as strategic and what strategic litigation means for collective action. This article draws on the existing debate on strategic litigation and mobilization for riders’ rights to highlight an important dimension of the practice: namely, the intermediary role played by lawyers between what happens in and outside the courts, as they translate social claims into legal ones. It maps litigation efforts, situating them in a wider context of collective action, and takes advantage of the privileged viewpoint that lawyers provide on litigation to address two crucial questions: the ‘why’ question, which concerns the objectives underlying strategic litigation, at least as perceived by lawyers, and the ‘how’ question, which aims to explore the way the strategy is designed and implemented, as well as the relations between lawyers and trade unions in terms of decision-making.

Succession revolution: feminist movements and the birth of female heir in China, 1928–1930

ABSTRACT This article sheds light on the efforts of intellectuals and women’s circles in the struggle for equal inheritance rights in modern China. By analyzing various social campaigns for women’s equal rights during this period, specifically in relation to daughters’ access to inheritance rights, this article explores the complexities and contradictions surrounding daughters’ inheritance rights in twentieth-century China. The argument put forth is that the interaction between the new state-building process and the influence of social campaigns enabled female to explore new rights holder. However, local practices often adhered to traditional customs that marginalized daughters without inheritance rights. Nevertheless, with the assistance of feminist movements, daughters’ inheritance rights have gradually gained acceptance as an essential component of social claims in modern China.

Grievance Politics and Technocracy in a Developmental State: Healthcare Policy Reforms in Singapore

ABSTRACTThis article uses a process‐tracing approach to understand changes in Singapore's health sector from the start of self‐rule in 1959 to the end of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2022. Singapore is a developmental state recognized for its effective management of healthcare costs and its lack of political freedom. In both respects, the ‘Singapore model’ is of interest to other cities and nations. The standard narrative is one of technocratic proficiency in a context in which civic freedoms are heavily constrained, but this article identifies the surprisingly important role of social voices at key moments. It finds episodes in which effective changes to social policies are not the product of a state embedded in an organized society, but rather are influenced by the independent organizational capacity of certain social groups providing inputs to state elites on social grievances and policy needs. Effective policy changes require a responsive state elite that — even if it is technocratically dominated, as is the case in Singapore — can listen to social claims and provide answers that are not repressive. The article conceptualizes these dynamics as ‘grievance politics’ and shows their role in explaining health reforms. It contributes to understanding global health systems and policy making in developmental states by a fruitful cross‐fertilization with social movement studies.

Культурно-ценностная обусловленность социальных притязаний

Social claims are the basis of the legal education process, they reflect the vital interests of individuals and social groups that require their legal consolidation. The formation of social claims is influenced by various factors, including culture and the values that form its content. It is the values that determine the motives of the actions of the claimants. Currently, the active actions of the subjects are aimed at institutionalizing at the legislative level the system of traditional values transmitted from generation to generation and creating an effective mechanism for their protection. Since it should be stated that many subjects under the influence of an information resource, there is a complete rejection of moral values, as well as their significant deformation. The transformation of spiritual values is also negatively affected by the use of artificial intelligence and the processes of digitalization in general. There is a threat of loss of such fundamental values as humanism, charity, mutual assistance, a strong family, patriotism, etc. Thus, the creation of a functioning system of traditional spiritual values and an appropriate mechanism for their protection is relevant both for our Russian state and for the preservation of humanity as a whole.

Uses of scientific discourses and markers in shark attack risk management on Reunion Island

The article discusses how the uses of scientific discourses and markers, by activists and policymakers have been perceived by scientific experts and journalists and generated tensions related to science use in managing shark attack risk on Reunion Island. Following a series of shark attacks in 2011, a scientific research program was funded by French authorities to help political decision-making to reduce shark attack risk on the island's west coast, from 2011 to 2015. This program collected a large set of data to understand the ecology of the shark species implied in the attacks. The authorities have also funded a selective fishing program as an operational management device, which opposed activists from sea users' NGOs requiring shark fishing and environmental NGOs requiring sharks' protection. Based on sixteen semi-directional interviews led with local scientific experts, activists, journalists and a mandated fisherman, the study explores how activists and policymakers are perceived as having reappropriated scientific discourses to legitimize their position on shark risk management in Reunion Island. The scientific experts’ perception of activists depends on the epistemology of their discipline and the values they carry about the management of living beings. Otherwise, the political shark risk management strategy on Reunion Island is perceived as preferring to use scientific rationality instead of social claims to justify public policies. These uses of science generated conflicts between scientific experts, policymakers and sea users, and argue for the need of a dialogical process between parties to manage shark attack unpredictable risk, by better considering its social interpretation.

Luchas y desarraigos por la tierra y resistencias juveniles por el derecho a la ciudad en el postconflicto: una mirada a la construcción de paz desde la periferia de Bogotá

This text gives an account of an investigation carried out from the year 2022, in the El Recuerdo Sur neighborhood of Ciudad Bolívar-Bogotá, whose purpose is to contribute to the generation of public space and the claim to the right to the city and that has unfolded other understandings about the need to look at the periphery, its social struggles and collective resistances in a post-conflict perspective. The article gives an account, therefore, of the methodological exercise in the accompaniment and dialogue with this community that helped to make visible factors of marginality and social exclusion associated with these struggles and resistance and the role that young people play in this process and that they particularly make of the territory a network of disputes that are embodied in forms of social claims, which account for a historicity of displaced and uprooted popular colonizers as an effect of social and political violence in Colombia.

Countervailing Claims: Pro-Diversity Responses to Stigma by Association Following the Unite the Right Rally

Why do firms take positions on divisive social issues? In this article, I draw on theories of stigma by association to explain why firms’ mere proximity to controversial political actors may lead stakeholders to presume that firms silent on social issues are misaligned with the stakeholders’ sociopolitical preferences. Firms, in turn, countervail these presumptions of misalignment by eschewing silence and claiming sociopolitical positions. Substantiating this theory in the context of employee recruitment following the 2017 Unite the Right White supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, I show that Charlottesville’s employers combated presumptions that they shared demonstrators’ anti-diversity positions by making countervailing pro-diversity claims in their online job postings. In supplementary analysis, I show that the rally was associated with a newfound wage premium in job postings by Charlottesville’s employers but that this premium was lower when employers made pro-diversity claims. This study advances understanding of strategic sociopolitical positioning whereby firms make calculated appeals to stakeholders. It contrasts with related research showing that firms use social claims to combat negative evaluations resulting from their own actions or to differentiate from competitors. In doing so, it suggests opportunities for further research investigating, for example, additional motivations for firms’ sociopolitical positioning, how positioning might evolve in the context of growing political polarization, and how positioning might relate to workplace inequality and diversity.

A Social Marketing Approach to Voluntary Simplicity: Communicating to Consume Less

Higher eco-efficiency will not be enough to slow global warming caused by climate change. To keep global warming to 2 degrees, people also need to reduce their consumption. At present, however, many who would be able to do so seem unwilling to comply. Given the threats of a runaway climate change, urgent measures are needed to promote less personal consumption. This study, therefore, examines whether social marketing consume-less appeals can be used to encourage consumers to voluntarily abstain from consumption. As part of an online experiment with nearly 2000 randomly sampled users of an online platform for sustainable consumption, we tested the effectiveness of five different “consume-less” appeals based on traditional advertising formats (including emotional, informational, and social claims). The study shows that consume-less appeals are capable of limiting personal desire to buy. However, significant differences in the effectiveness of the appeal formats used in this study were observed. In addition, we found evidence of rebound effects, which leads us to critically evaluate the overall potential of social marketing to promote more resource-conserving lifestyles. While commercial consumer-free appeals have previously been studied (e.g., Patagonia’s “Don’t Buy This Jacked”), this study on the effectiveness of non-commercial consume-free appeals is novel and provides new insights.

Динамизм и стабильность как функциональные свойства права во взаимосвязи с социальными притязаниями

The article examines social claims in relation to such objective properties of law as dynamism and stability. The author believes that these properties are in direct connection with the functions of law. It is from them that the chain of dependencies begins, which passes through the functions of law, the relevant norms of law, legal relations and ends directly with acts of implementation, application of law. It is concluded that dynamism and stability are the functional properties of law, which are in close interaction with social claims. Since the latter act as indicators of the needs of legal regulation and determine, in fact, the vector of its improvement.

Authenticity and interpretation for the personal appropriation of heritage in museums

The paper discusses the theoretical approach to accessibility and transition to the broader topic of inclusion, specifically referring to museums. The paper stresses the knowledge of audiences to include all of them and overcome the "dedicated" mediation tools and activities, aiming at (re)conquering disaffected and unused publics, and identifies some misunderstandings ("cultural accessibility" and "person with difficulties").
 Constraints and opportunities in access to cultural content and communication are underlined: Authenticity and interpretation (message and messages, mistakenly considered as elaborations of the same content adapted to the target); interpretation as a hermeneutic circle involving different combinations of sender-receiver-context; Importance of the spatial context of communication as the first interpretative/mediation element; Process of accessibility to cultural contents (importance of the physical, social and economic context; role of cognitive processes; importance of the individual's cultural background; emotional involvement; references to recent neurophysiological research led by the authors).
 Authors intend Cultural accessibility as a self-appropriation process, both intellectual and emotional: exquisitely individual but closely interconnected with relations processes. Cultural appropriation intended in this way has nothing to do with a process of a political and social claim but, rather, it should be the ultimate goal of any action related to heritage communication.
 Finally, the paper highlights possible perspectives that require: dedicated professional paths; updated composition of the staff (the figure of architects-museographers as a permanent presence, since communication cannot be separated from the space in which it takes place); new good practices.

WOMEN’S PROTESTS IN SMALL POLISH TOWNS

Late 2020 witnessed one of the biggest cycles of protests in contemporary Poland that were sparked by the decision of the Constitutional Tribunal further restricting the abortion law. This cycle of contention was somewhat similar to of the protests organized in 2016 and later but stood out in terms of scale and geographic distribution. The 2016 protests were surprising as they also emerged in Polish small and provincial towns. The scale of 2020’s protests in small towns belies the common assumption about the string conservatism of Poland and in particular Polish small towns and rural areas. Besides the scale, there are other surprising elements in these protests, one of them being the harsher and more direct language used during the protests and the generational composition of the protesting crowds. Our hypothesis is that these protests mark the emergence of a new generation of feminist activists, while the whole cycle of protests marks deeper changes in Polish society. The inclusion of the Roman Catholic Church as one of the targets of the protests’ claims can be linked to the increasing secularization of the Polish society; the growing and observed intersectionality during women’s protests (i.e. inclusion of social claims, support for LGBT+ community, antifascism) points out to the changing nature of feminist activism in Poland; and finally the new language used during protests suggests a significant change in defining the protest arena s and a shift of scale from locality to the translocal reality of social media.

The Power of the “Knowing Women”

The Power of the “Knowing Women”

"A MODEL OF PROFESSIONAL - DEONTOLOGICAL CULTURE OF OFFICIALS THE PROSECUTORS’S OFFICE IN THE REPUBLIC KAZAKHSTAN"

"The professional deontological culture is a systematic complex socio-legal phenomenon that affects the quality of work of the Prosecutor’s Office officials. Under the conditions of socio-economic reform of society, the moral foundations of public service, the moral characteristics of public servants acquire special importance. Practically, the leading regulator that determines a person’s specific behavior becomes its moral orientation. The relevance of research on the problem is determined by the following reasons: - the strengthening demand for better social protection has led to an increase in the level of social claims to the authority, professionally engaged in the supervision over the state of law in the country; - frequent cases of neglect of prosecutors to the law, the rights of citizens, the other legal values, and at the same time, increasing numbers of violations of the law by using official power. The aim of the research is to present a model of professional deontological culture formation in officials of the Prosecutor’s office of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a complex of conditions for its effective functioning Keywords: deontological foundations, prosecutors, ethics, legal conscience, legal culture, morality."

Invisibility by Design: Women and Labor in Japan’s Digital Economy

Invisibility by Design: Women and Labor in Japan’s Digital Economy

RDRP (Meth)acrylic Homo and Block Polymers from Lignocellulosic Sugar Derivatives

AbstractCurrently, most commodity chemicals and polymers are manufactured from nonrenewable petroleum‐based resources. However, due to its finite nature and social claims about environment preservation, alternative sources of value‐added and building block chemicals are being intensively studied. Renewable lignocellulosic biomass has offered an attractive replacement for fossil‐based chemicals. Lignin and C5/C6 sugars obtained from lignocellulosic biomass through chemical and enzymatic methods can be further transformed to targeted chemical platforms. In the present review, synthetic pathways for well‐defined poly(meth)acrylates obtained from C5/C6 sugar‐derived platforms in which the sugar structure is not retained are discussed. While bio‐based polymers from these monomers are investigated using a wide range of polymerization techniques, this study focuses on precise synthesis of macromolecular structures taking advantage of reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization methods and their applications.

Epistemic Communities under Active Inference.

The spread of ideas is a fundamental concern of today’s news ecology. Understanding the dynamics of the spread of information and its co-option by interested parties is of critical importance. Research on this topic has shown that individuals tend to cluster in echo-chambers and are driven by confirmation bias. In this paper, we leverage the active inference framework to provide an in silico model of confirmation bias and its effect on echo-chamber formation. We build a model based on active inference, where agents tend to sample information in order to justify their own view of reality, which eventually leads to them to have a high degree of certainty about their own beliefs. We show that, once agents have reached a certain level of certainty about their beliefs, it becomes very difficult to get them to change their views. This system of self-confirming beliefs is upheld and reinforced by the evolving relationship between an agent’s beliefs and observations, which over time will continue to provide evidence for their ingrained ideas about the world. The epistemic communities that are consolidated by these shared beliefs, in turn, tend to produce perceptions of reality that reinforce those shared beliefs. We provide an active inference account of this community formation mechanism. We postulate that agents are driven by the epistemic value that they obtain from sampling or observing the behaviours of other agents. Inspired by digital social networks like Twitter, we build a generative model in which agents generate observable social claims or posts (e.g., ‘tweets’) while reading the socially observable claims of other agents that lend support to one of two mutually exclusive abstract topics. Agents can choose which other agent they pay attention to at each timestep, and crucially who they attend to and what they choose to read influences their beliefs about the world. Agents also assess their local network’s perspective, influencing which kinds of posts they expect to see other agents making. The model was built and simulated using the freely available Python package pymdp. The proposed active inference model can reproduce the formation of echo-chambers over social networks, and gives us insight into the cognitive processes that lead to this phenomenon.

The Way She Looks: A History of Female Gazes in African Portraiture—Photographs from the Walther Collection

The Way She Looks: A History of Female Gazes in African Portraiture—Photographs from the Walther Collection

Capitalism as the Global Social Order: A Critical Perspective

The article studies the concept of the global social order as a subject of social research. The author starts with pointing at the changes in the structure and the character of the today's global social order (acceleration of exchanges and flows, gradual disappearing of a single hegemony, multipolarity) and claims that it is exactly capitalism that becomes a foundation for multipolar but yet unequal constitution of the global order. The article proposes to deal with the global social order as an example of a global subject – alternative to world system or global system – which can be placed in focus of social research. Also, the paper offers a definition to the notions of social order and global social order. Then the author provides several possible classification of the approaches to the study of the global social order, and then moves on to pointing out their mutual positions. The paper considers capitalism as a special form of global social order and suggests to analyze imperialism and neocolonialism as, on the one hand, the products of this order, and on the other hand, as instruments for its legitimation and hegemony. In the further research the suggested model can be used, first, for the improvements in the study of sociology's global subject, and, second, for deepening the knowledge about the process of (re)production of global social order.