Social Ceremonies Research Articles

Norwid’s drama of “social transfigurations”

The article discusses Norwid’s concept of drama and theatre; notably, he assumes their close relationship with social life and its historical changes. Basing on analyses of meta-dramatic and meta-theatrical statements made by the poet, contained primarily in the essays “Widowiska w ogóle uważane” and “Białe kwiaty” [Performances considered in general; White flowers], in passages from lectures on Słowacki (O Juliuszu Słowackim), and in the introduction to Pierścień Wielkiej-Damy [The Ring of a Great Lady], it is possible to formulate the thesis that Norwid intentionally developed a vision of drama based on the idea of “social transfigurations.”What is more, the character of his dramatic works enables one to interpret his particular theatrical pieces in the light of anthropological and sociological categories of social drama and cultural performance. After all, most of Norwid’s dramatic works depict situations of social change in terms of rites of passage and theatricalized social practices, e.g. social ceremonies or ritualized interactions. As a result, Norwidian drama becomes an artistic representation of forces shaping collective life, a lens facilitating their understanding in the spirit of social anthropology, and an important factor in the formation of man.

Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Patients with Non-Communicable Disease in North Wollo Zone Public Hospitals: Socio-Ecologic Perspective, 2023.

The practice of taking medication as directed by a healthcare provider is known as medication adherence. Therefore, the application of a socio-ecological model to this study identifies multilevel factors on barriers of medication adherence on chronic non-communicable disease and provides information to develop scientific health communication interventional strategies to improve medication adherence. This study aimed to explore barriers of medication adherence on non-communicable disease prevention and care among patients in North Wollo Zone public hospitals, northeast Ethiopia. A phenomenological study design was carried out between February 5 and February 30, 2023. The study participants were chosen using a heterogeneous purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews and targeted focus groups were used to gather data. The focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were captured on audio, accurately transcribed, and translated into English. Atlas TI-7 was utilized to do the thematic analysis. Four main themes, intrapersonal, interpersonal, community level, and health care related, as well as seven subthemes, financial problems, lack of family support, poor communication with healthcare providers, effects of social ceremonies, remote healthcare facility, and drug scarcity, were identified by this study. In this study participants reported that lack of knowledge about the disease and drugs were the main barrier for medication adherence. The study revealed that financial problems for medication and transportation cost were the main factor for medication adherence for non-communicable disease patients. This study explored that lack of knowledge, financial problem, lack of family support, poor communication with healthcare providers, social ceremony effects, remote healthcare facility, and scarcity of drugs were barriers of medication adherence among non-communicable disease patients. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, it is advised that all relevant bodies look for ways to reduce medication adherence barriers for patients at every level of influence.

Comparative Effects of Garcinia kola and Garlic Extracts on Some Liver and Haematological Functions in High Salt Diet-Induced Hypertensive Wistar Rats

Garcinia kola is commonly consumed in Nigeria in social ceremonies, while Garlic is commonly used as a spice in the preparation of certain foods. In this study, the protective effects of extracts of the plants against a high salt diet (8% NaCl) induced hypertension were investigated in rats. Extracts prepared from the plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for acute and sub-acute toxicity studies in rats. In the protective study against salt-induced hypertension thirty-five adult male rats assigned to seven groups of five rats were treated such that, group one served as the normal control group, and group two was the hypertensive control group. Groups three to six were administered graded doses of extracts respectively after induction. While group seven received a combination of the two extracts after induction. Treatment commenced after confirmation of hypertension and lasted for two weeks before animals were sacrificed to collect blood for biochemical and haematological analysis. Results obtained showed that G.kola and Garlic feeding produced in rats following liver and haematological assays as values of these parameters in the test groups did not significantly differ from control values (p<0.05).

Bağlar ve Yolculuklar: Palaiologoslar Döneminde Doğu Akdeniz'i Birleştirmek

This article explores the establishment of economic unity in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Palaiologan Period, focusing particularly on the role of wine trade. It investigates how various regions were interconnected through sea routes and trading networks, contributing to a cohesive economic system. The study emphasizes the significance of wine production as a cash crop, involving landlords, peasants, and merchants. Wine, produced in different grades, played a pivotal role in daily consumption as well as in religious and social ceremonies, catering to diverse societal strata. Additionally, this study demonstrates the economic intricacies of Cretan Malmsey trade, revealing its paramount importance as a sought-after commodity across the Mediterranean. By analyzing historical sources and scholarly research, this study sheds light on the complex dynamics of wine commerce, highlighting its role in facilitating cross-regional trade and cultural exchange. The findings suggest that despite political fragmentation, the Eastern Mediterranean formed an integrated economic entity during the Palaiologan Period, facilitated by extensive trading networks and the prominence of wine trade. Through its comprehensive analysis, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the economic landscape of the era and its enduring impact on Mediterranean history.

اسلام اور عیسائیت کے تصور نکاح کا تقابلی جائزہ

Marriage is a legally and socially sanctioned union, usually between a man and a woman. It is a social ceremony that is continued in every religion of the world, in every region and in every nation, because it is related to the survival and continuity of life, which if left, the human race will be cut off. Christians believe that marriage is a gift from God. In Islam, marriage holds great value and importance. Islam and Christianity, both Semitic religions, have some commonalities regarding the concept of marriage. In both Islam and Christianity, the importance of marriage is emphasized, some relationships are forbidden for marriage and there are severe punishments for those who marry with mahrams. In both religions, certain conditions of marriage are necessary to fulfil. In both religions, the husband is declared as the ruler and administrator, and it is ordered to treat their wives with love, compassion and gentleness. We found some differences regarding marriage affairs. Unlike Islam, celibacy is permitted and encouraged in Christianity. Islam allows a man to have up to four wives at the same time while Christianity allows only one marriage. In Islam, there is a clear concept of haqq-e-mahr, while in Christianity there is no such concept. This article presents a comparative study of the concept of marriage in Islam and Christianity.

Sacred Groves as the Source of Local Medicinal Plants and Sites of Biodiversity Conservation in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal

A Sacred Grove (SG) is any grove of trees, shrubs and even herbs of special religious importance to a particular culture. SGs are consideredas distinct patches of vegetation (ranging in size from a small cluster of a few trees to a large forest stand spanning several hundredacres) which are venerated in the name of local deities or ancestral spirits, promoting conservation. Conservation of biodiversity insacred groves is a consequence of the sacred physical space of the sacred grove which is communally shared as commons and used toobserve crucial social ceremonies in indigenous societies. While documenting the sacred groves in the district of North 24 Parganas ofWest Bengal through a detailed field survey, plants of local medicinal importance were identified in these patches in which the localpeople traditionally conserved the medicinal plants since time immemorial. An extensive field survey to potential district areas anddocumentation of major flora, including their correct identification and their related Traditional Knowledge (TK) in each SG was done.More than 120 local medicinal plants were found and traditional knowledge associated with these plants was documented whichincluded Adhatoda vasica, Abroma agustum, Andrographis paniculata, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Cocculus hirsutus, Gloriosasuperba, Tinospora cordifolia to name very few. Out of these purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus has also been reported inCOVID-19 treatment in many research papers. Traditional knowledge associated with these plants found in the sacred groves is a hiddentreasure from where further research, learning and dissemination of potential information can ensue. These SGs are examples of in-situconservation traditionally by local people and gene pool for various medicinal plants.

Burial As a Social Ceremony (An Anthropological Study)

This research is an anthropological study that seeks to present the customs and traditions of burial ceremonies in the city of Erbil. Objectives of this research: An attempt to determine the indications and rituals of funerals according to the customs and traditions of the residents of the city of Erbil, to know and show us the extent to which these traditions affected the individual’s life residing in the city of Erbil. also specifying the changes that have taken place; The emergence of new methods and new customs related to funerals, and then the presentation of the functions performed by these ceremonies. The methodology used in the study are (ethnographic method, comparative method) and the intentional sample (rich cases sample) was used. The sample unit consisted of (10) individuals from the city of Erbil. The data collection methods used are: (interview, observation and participant observation).This research reached several results, including These ceremonies show the social status of the deceased, and at the same time strengthen and enhance social relations between individuals. Until now, these ceremonies have maintained their appreciation and sobriety, although some of their customs have changed and new traditions have emerged due to social changes and the Corona epidemic, such as: bringing female Quran reciters and Mawlid readings for a certain fee. The traditions of this ceremony remained the same among the poor and middle class, but the rich class exaggerated the material costs relatively. Concerning the prayer of dropping, and so this custom is not established and is performed mostly. Also, these ceremonies have functions (cultural, social, religious and psychological).

Burial As a Social Ceremony (An Anthropological Study)

This research is an anthropological study that seeks to present the customs and traditions of burial ceremonies in the city of Erbil. Objectives of this research: An attempt to determine the indications and rituals of funerals according to the customs and traditions of the residents of the city of Erbil, to know and show us the extent to which these traditions affected the individual’s life residing in the city of Erbil. also specifying the changes that have taken place; The emergence of new methods and new customs related to funerals, and then the presentation of the functions performed by these ceremonies. The methodology used in the study are (ethnographic method, comparative method) and the intentional sample (rich cases sample) was used. The sample unit consisted of (10) individuals from the city of Erbil. The data collection methods used are: (interview, observation and participant observation). This research reached several results, including These ceremonies show the social status of the deceased, and at the same time strengthen and enhance social relations between individuals. Until now, these ceremonies have maintained their appreciation and sobriety, although some of their customs have changed and new traditions have emerged due to social changes and the Corona epidemic, such as: bringing female Quran reciters and Mawlid readings for a certain fee. The traditions of this ceremony remained the same among the poor and middle class, but the rich class exaggerated the material costs relatively. Concerning the prayer of dropping, and so this custom is not established and is performed mostly. Also, these ceremonies have functions (cultural, social, religious and psychological).

The Constraints Encountered during Interpretation of Idioms in Witimbule Programme, Radio Mambo Broadcast in Western Kenya

The use of idioms in conversation among the Luhya speaking communities, especially during Witimbule Programme that is aired in Radio Mambo broadcast in Western Kenya, is common. Hardly does a social ceremony end without application of idioms among the Luhya people. The fact that they are interesting to use during the speeches, there are challenges that arise and if not resolved, they can cause misinterpretation, hence miscommunication. This study employs relevance theory by Wilson and Sperber (1995 /2002) which highlights that when the information is complex, it stands the risk of being misinterpreted or rejected by the mind. The study found that the hindrances to interpretation of idioms include deficiency in cognitive environment knowledge, dialectical constraints due to lexical mismatch among the Luhya speaking dialects ,lack of context ,ambiguity of idioms, lack of subject part of the idiom and lack of native speakers intuition .The results reveal that deficiency in cognitive environment knowledge was the main cause of difficulties encountered during interpretation of idioms in conversation among the Luhya speaking dialects. Dialectical variation contributed insignificantly to misinterpretation of idioms. From this assumption, the best strategy of interpreting idioms is the knowledge of cognitive environment approach besides others.

Ethnobotanical importance of Asteraceae plants among Tharu tribe in Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India

Background: Uttarakhand, a hilly state of northern India is gifted with unique natural beauty, rich biodiversity and great ethnic diversity. Asteraceae is the largest dicot family in the state and its several species are utilized by Tharu tribes for their livelihood. The present study was aimed to explore and document the ethnobotanical importance of Asteraceae plants used by Tharu community. Methods: The study area was visited frequently and a total of 104 Tharu informants from 11 villages were interviewed with the help of a semi structured questionnaire. Collected plant specimens were identified and processed for herbarium in the laboratory. Ethnobotanical data were analyzed using Use value (UV) and Factor informant consensus (Fic). Results: A total of 51 plants belonging to 38 genera under 12 tribes of Asteraceae family were found to be useful among Tharu people. Most of the species (50.98%) were noted to be used for curing various diseases. They use several plants for fodder (33.33%), ornament (27.45%), veterinary medicines (9.80%), social ceremonies (5.88%), and other purposes (13.72%) too. Quantitative analysis of data shows that Tagetes erecta has the highest use value (0.9423) followed by Ageratum houstonianum (0.4615) and Eclipta prostrata (0.3653). Maximum homogeneity was recorded in constipation, earache, eye disorders, heat stroke, infertility, paralysis, fuel and food. Conclusions: The present study concludes that several Asteraceae plants have high use value and play an important role in Tharu’s daily life. The recorded precious ethnobotanical data with UV and Fic analysis will be useful to the future researchers for further phytochemical, pharmacological, conservation and other studies. Keywords: Asteraceae, Tharu, Ethnobotany, Udham Singh Nagar.

Reflections on the philosophical significance of the ritualistic use of music and mental health among traditional healers and their trainees in the Bapedi Society: a healing link to the spiritual realm

In the Bapedi society, music and rituals are the obverse sides of the same coin. They are reciprocal. They complete and complement each other. Music plays a significant role in religious rituals, cultural and social ceremonies. It has specific roles in healing and drums are the basic instrument for most of the Bapedi music tradition. Different kinds of drums are found in the Bapedi culture. Each music genre or traditional music ensemble/group uses a special type of its own. Traditional healers and their trainees use sets of drums of different sizes. The philosophical significance of the ritualistic use of music and mental health within traditional healing context as constitutive for understanding music in healing as a cultural phenomenon is evident and cannot be denied. In the Bapedi society, the significance of ritualistic music is well established and acknowledged by the personal ancestors of both traditional healers and their trainees. The combination of singing, dancing and various musical instruments form part of religious rituals with the sole purpose of appeasing the ancestors for their well-being and rejuvenation. The impact or effect of ritualistic music is multifaceted, and one can distinguish various emotional, mental and physical impacts, amongst others, strengthening the social, spiritual and cultural experience of both the traditional healers and their trainees, as well as the audience. The primary objective of this was to investigate the philosophical significance of the ritualistic use of music and mental health within Bapedi traditional healers’ healing context. To achieve this objective, the study employed contextual and Afrocentric approaches. Informal interviews, video and audio recordings were used to collect data. Secondary sources included published books and Journal articles. The main question the study addressed is: What is the philosophical significance of the ritualistic use of music and mental health within Bapedi traditional healers’ healing context? The results have demonstrated that traditional healers and their trainees apply music in their everyday life to improve their health and well-being. It was concluded that within Bapedi traditional healers’ healing context music serves as a cultural immunogen; and spirituality and religiosity are regarded as the most protective factors for health.

Factors Affecting Loan Repayment Performance of Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Microfinance Institutions in Toke Kutaye District, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

The main purpose of this study was to identify the factors determining loan repayment performance of smallholder farmers; and to evaluate the based performance of the Microfinance Institutions operating in Toke Kutaye district. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires from 122 randomly selected smallholder farmer clients. Secondary data were obtained from the annual reports and financial statements of the Microfinance Institutions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logit regression models. The results of the descriptive analysis revealed a significant mean difference between the defaulter and non-defaulter households in terms of total annual farm income, expense on social ceremonies, livestock units, and distance from credit sources. Although the repayment status in the study area was insignificant, there was a variation among institutions where the numbers of non-defaulters decline from Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company, Vision Fund Microfinance and Eshet Microfinance successively along with ratio statistics result. The logit model revealed that age, education level, tropical livestock unit, participation in off-farm activities, repayment period suitability, and sex found to be have positive effects whereas expense on social ceremony, family size, loan diversion found to have negative effects on loan repayment performance of the smallholder farmers. Our findings suggest, in order minimizing loan defaults in the study area, microfinance institutions, non-governmental organizations and policy makers have to effectively work on improving the constraining factors. Keywords: Binary Logit; Customers: Defaulters, Loan repayment; Smallholder farmers DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-3-04 Publication date: February 28 th 2022

Loan Settlement Performance of Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company Borrowers and Its Determinants in Ada’A Barga District, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

In developing countries like Ethiopia Microfinance institutions are playing an essential role in poverty reduction; to provide the provision of micro-credit, savings, and other services to the poor that are excluded by the commercial banks for collateral and other reasons. However, there is a loan repayment problem, which discourages rural finance organizations from promoting and extending credit. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying the factors affecting the loan repayment performance of OCSSC borrowers in Ada’a Barga district, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Purposive and random sampling technique was used to select 139 sampled respondents. Both primary and secondary data sources were used for this study. Descriptive statistics and t-test and chi-square test analyses were employed to compare defaulters and non-defaulters with the explanatory variables. Also, binary logit econometric model was used to examine the factors that affect credit repayment performance of the selected sampled household borrows of OCSSC. The result showed that out of 139 chosen respondents, 56 were defaulters and 83 were non-defaulters. A total of twelve explanatory variables were included in the empirical model and out of the total hypothesized explanatory variables involved in the model, age, educational level, celebration of social ceremony and participation in off/non-farm activities were positively and statistically significantly affected loan repayment performance at 1% significance level. Moreover, livestock ownership positively affected loan repayment at 5% 1% significance level. On the contrary purpose of borrowing and family size was negatively and significantly affected loan repayment performance at 5% and 10% significance level. Therefore, the study recommended that the identified significant variables have to be a springboard for further interventions by financial institutions, stakeholders and policymakers to come with a breakthrough to significantly decrease or even avoid defaulting problems., Keywords: Binary logit; defaulters; loan repayment; non-defaulters; OCSSC DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-15-04 Publication date: August 31 st 2021

기억과 표상 그리고 권력 - 울주 천전리 각석에 대한 재해석 -

Ulju Cheonjeon-ri petroglyphsy is one of the important rock art sites which represent prehistoric and ancient petroglyphs, with Bangudae petroglyphs located nearby. Various researches on chronology, various figures and inscriptions on Cheonjeon-ri petroglyphs, have been hitherto actively carried out. As a result, the meanings and significance inherent to figures and inscription have been explored and could be grasped to a degree.<BR> In this article, the significance of Cheonjeon-ril petrogrpahy is newly explored in terms of materiality, alliance between material and human, memory and parade, and place and power, which has been recently discussed in archaeology. That is to say, it is, of course, of importance to decode the meaning of figures and inscriptions on Cheonjeon-ri petroglyphs, it is also of great importance to comprehend the materiality and physical characteristics. It is also emphasised that any agents who would inscribe those figures and inscriptions, physical characteristics of rock surface, location, and tools for inscription, are entangled each other with inscription as a social action.<BR> It is noted that Cheonjeon-ri petroglyphs would transfer the view into the verbal expression vividly as a Ekphrasis, and would play role as a method of loci. In addition, based upon the concept of incorporated memory, it is observed that intentionally damaged image would not represent something, but that the image itself would be memorised and remembered. Based upon tradition, which is constituted and maintained by incessant visit and accompanied parade and social ceremony, it is explored that how the social memory, which is related with Cheonjeon-ri petroglyphsis, was formed and activated as a way of execution of power.

Loan Repayment Performance of Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company Borrowers and Its Determinants in Ada’A Barga District, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

In developing countries like Ethiopia Microfinance institutions are playing an essential role in poverty reduction; to provide the provision of micro-credit, savings, and other services to the poor that are excluded by the commercial banks for collateral and other reasons. However, there is a loan repayment problem, which discourages rural finance organizations from promoting and extending credit. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying the factors affecting the loan repayment performance of OCSSC borrowers in Ada’a Barga district, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Purposive and random sampling technique was used to select 139 sampled respondents. Both primary and secondary data sources were used for this study. Descriptive statistics and t-test and chi-square test analyses were employed to compare defaulters and non-defaulters with the explanatory variables. Also, binary logit econometric model was used to examine the factors that affect credit repayment performance of the selected sampled household borrows of OCSSC. The result showed that out of 139 chosen respondents, 56 were defaulters and 83 were non-defaulters. A total of twelve explanatory variables were included in the empirical model and out of the total hypothesized explanatory variables involved in the model, age, educational level, celebration of social ceremony and participation in off/non-farm activities were positively and statistically significantly affected loan repayment performance at 1% significance level. Moreover, livestock ownership positively affected loan repayment at 5% 1% significance level. On the contrary purpose of borrowing and family size was negatively and significantly affected loan repayment performance at 5% and 10% significance level. Therefore, the study recommended that the identified significant variables have to be a springboard for further interventions by financial institutions, stakeholders and policymakers to come with a breakthrough to significantly decrease or even avoid defaulting problems., Keywords: Binary logit; defaulters; loan repayment; non-defaulters; OCSSC DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/12-9-05 Publication date: May 31 st 2021

Norwidowski dramat „transfiguracji społecznych”

Artykuł zawiera rozważania na temat Norwidowskiej koncepcji dramatu i teatru, zakładającej ich ścisły związek z życiem społecznym i jego historycznymi przemianami. Analizy wypowiedzi metadramatycznych i metateatralnych poety, czyli przede wszystkim szkicu Widowiska w ogóle uważane, Białych kwiatów, fragmentów wykładów O Juliuszu Słowackim oraz przedmowy do Pierścienia Wielkiej-Damy, dostarczają szeregu argumentów na rzecz tezy o intencjonalnym kształtowaniu przez Norwida dramaturgii osnutej wokół idei „transfiguracji społecznych”. Co więcej, charakter jego dorobku dramatopisarskiego pozwala na zastosowanie w interpretacji poszczególnych dziełantropologiczno-socjologicznych kategorii dramatu społecznego i widowiska kulturowego. Większość utworów dramatycznych Norwida unaocznia bowiem sytuację przemiany społecznej, ujętej w ramy obrzędów przejścia i steatralizowanych praktyk społecznych (społeczne ceremonie, rytuały interakcyjne). Dzięki temu Norwidowski dramat staje się artystyczną reprezentacją sił działających w przestrzeni życia zbiorowego, narzędziem ich rozumienia w duchu antropologii społecznej, a także ważnym czynnikiem formowania człowieka.

Socio-economic Characteristics of Peasantry of Sub-mountainous Punjab

The paper presents the socio-economic profile of agricultural households in the sub-mountainous region of Punjab. There are six districts in the sub-mountainous region from which the Gurdaspur district was selected randomly. Four villages and 80 farm households were selected using multistage random sampling technique two blocks. The data on various socio-economic parameters were collected for 2019-20. Most of the farmers (71percent) were in the age group of 40-60 years in the district. The literacy rate was reasonably good as only five percent of heads of the farm households were illiterate in the region. Most agricultural households lived as nuclear families (79.00percent) with an average family size of 4.81 members. The average size of the operational holdings was around 8.0 acres. The main crops grown in the region were wheat (38.23percent), paddy permal (21.95percent), paddy basmati(16.46percent), and sugarcane (13.79percent). The average income of the agricultural household in the Gurdaspur district was around six lakhs per annum. The main source of income of the agricultural households was crop cultivation (61.65percent), followed by income from off-farm sources (22.82percent) and livestock income (15.53percent). Across different farm-size categories, off-farm income was the major source of income among marginal farmers. For the rest of the farm-size categories, income from crops was the main source of household income. Average consumption expenditure was worked out to be 3.55 lakh per annum. In total consumption expenditure, the share of food expenditure was 23.62 percent, non-food expenditure was 63.41, and social ceremonies was 21.12 percent. The share of food expenditure in total expenditure decreased with an increase across different farm-size categories, while the share of non-food expenditure increased with an increase in farm size. Total consumption expenditure was around three times higher for large farm-size households than marginal households.

YAKUT (SAKHA) TRADITIONAL WRESTLING WITH ITS FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT: KHAPSAGAY

In this monograph, the traditional wrestling of the Sakha’s, one of the ancient Turkish peoples living in the Autonomous Republic of Yakudistan under the Russian Federation, will be investigated. The historical formation of Hapsagay wrestling is analyzed within the framework of qualitative method, depending on climatic and geographical, ethnosocial and economic conditions. The development of Yakut (Sakha) national wrestling hapsagay in modern socio-economic conditions is centered on the study and discussed in a qualitative model intensity. The organizational and methodological work of the Yakudistan Republic Hapsagai Wrestling Federation as a tool to manage national sports, the competitive activity system and the international sports movement are examined. The dynamics of participation indexes among the population of different ages of the Sakha Republic for the period 2011-2017 of the national khapsagai wrestling, the feasibility of opening a department in higher education institutions to train experts in this traditional sport is given. In the education process of undergraduate students, the mechanism of popularization of the Sakha national struggle, hapsagay legacy, is shown. As a result: khapsagai, a sport with its own national elements, is an integral part of physical education and social ceremonies and that the Sakha people are leaders in ethnopedagogy; that it was carried to the international dimension by adapting to contemporary conditions; it has been concluded that these official efforts have achieved their purpose and are increasing in popularity at national and international level. Article visualizations:

The Unintended Multi-Dimensional Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic Policy Response in Nigeria

The meat of this work is on unintended consequences that emanated from Nigeria's policy response to COVID-19. These consequences were highlighted and premised on the Nigerian government's arbitrary copying of Western countries' strategies without customizing them to suit its peculiarities. The work employed discourse analysis to interrogate the various ways the COVID-19 policy response of Nigeria impacted on livelihoods of her citizens especially the poor and vulnerable. Unintended consequences of government COVID-19 policy responses are multidimensional in nature impacting the socio-cultural, political, and economic lives of Nigerians. Specifically, issues like an increase in domestic violence and gender-based violence, price gauging, and food scarcity, security agencies' excessiveness, palliative measures corruption, social ceremonies, and burial rites, were discussed as indirect outcomes of COVID-19 response strategies in Nigeria. Exposing how a biological crisis and efforts to contain it inadvertently created survival anxieties. Using secondary sources such internet, books, newspaper, and journals, the paper argued that Nigeria copied western response strategies without customizing them to reflect her environmental realities. Some of these unintended consequences would not have emerged if Nigeria were reflective in the development of her COVID-19 policy responses. Unfortunately, Nigeria condemned herself irretrievably to Western approaches. Her palliative programs were marred by a lack of transparency and accountability legacy of Nigeria's public service system. The paper contended that Nigerian political leadership failed to use COVID-19 policy response execution to reclaim lost public trust. Rather the COVID-19 palliative program execution has further widened the existing mistrust gap between government and citizens.

Effects of Hindu Civilization on Muslim Culture and Civilization: A Review from Pakistan’s Context

مسلم تہذیب و تمدن پر ہندؤ تہذیب کے اثرات: پاکستانی تناظر میں جائزہ&#x0D; Islam provides a complete and comprehensive concept of civilization that includes all aspects of human life and provides a complete philosophy of life. Generally speaking a civilization is the expression of any philosophy or belief that develops into the political, social, economical and cultural norms. Main focus of the present research is the impact of Hindu civilization on our society, we see that by living with the Hindu society, their beliefs, casteism, rituals, have influenced the people around them. Pakistan is and always has been an amalgam of a diverse culture. Pakistan has a rich culture without a doubt, but this culture is in the line of fire in association to powerful Indian culture. From birth to death, there are small rituals that were normally associated with Hindus, have also slowly mixed with Islamic culture and have become inseparable. Change in the social life of Muslims of subcontinent is due to conversion of a large number of Hindus to Islam. They accepted the preaching of Islam but did not give up their practices and rituals. Consequently, their rituals and practices were incorporated into the Muslim society. Some social ceremonies associated with births, deaths, and marriages were influenced by Hindu culture. It is a fact that media played a great role in propagating Hindu culture. Therefore, in this article, efforts are made to analyze all the factors due to which we are facing challenges of Hindu civilization and how we can get rid of its impacts on Muslims thoughts, culture and society. Allah Almighty says: O people, who believe in Allah, enter the whole circle of Islam. So, to address all above-mentioned challenges, a comparative and analytical research methodology with qualitative paradigm has been conducted in this research paper. At the end, solutions have been provided.