Social Capital Questionnaire Research Articles

Виктимность в юношеском возрасте: роль социальных связей и характера отношений в семье и студенческом сообществе

Introduction. Currently, there is an increase in the risks of victimization among representatives of different age and social strata, including young people. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of the quality of students’ relationships with peers and parents in the determination of their victimization. Materials and methods. Russian university students (M=105) took part in the study. The following methods were used: a demographic questionnaire, O.O. Andronnikova's Methods for Studying propensity to Victim Behavior by O.O. Andronnikova, G. Armsden and M. Greenberg's Parent and Peer Attachment Questionnaire, Alvarez's Family Social Capital Questionnaire, Lau and Lee's Student Social Capital Questionnaire. The obtained results indicated the positive role of secure attachment to the mother and to the friend, family cohesion and the negative role of conflicts in the family in the prevention of victimized behavior in adolescence Realised victimhood is more closely related to mother attachment than to father and friend attachment. Communication and cohesion among family members prevent the realisation of victimhood, while conflictual relationships within the family contribute to it. The propensity for aggressive behaviour is determined by the characteristics of attachment to mother, father and close friend; family relationships, attachment to mother and attachment to friend predict the propensity for self-harm; the propensity for dependent and uncritical victimization is determined more by family relationships than by peer relationships. The practical significance of the results is discussed.

Association of social capital and adherence to a Mediterranean diet in adults living in Tehran: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundUnderstanding the role of social capital in adherence to the Mediterranean diet can inform interventions to promote healthier eating habits in Iranian adults.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the Mediterranean diet score (MDS), ranging from 0 to 18. The Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ), in which questions are scored on a 4-point Likert scale from “never” (= 1) to “always” (= 4), was used. Linear regression controlling for sex, age, marital status, BMI, education, lifestyle and chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases) and energy intake was used to calculate unstandardized coefficients (B) and 95% CIs. A total of 270 adults with a mean age of 36.76 ± 13.22 years who lived in Tehran were enrolled.Results270 adults (118 males and 152 females) were included. Multivariate-adjusted B showed a positive association between social capital and adherence to a Mediterranean diet (β ± SE = 0.54 ± 0.15, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.84 P = 0.001). Adding energy intake as a new covariate in Model 3 was not accompanied by an enormous change (β ± SE = 0.55 ± 0.15, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.85 P ˂0.001).ConclusionThis cross-sectional study indicated that better social capital in adults is significantly associated with greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet. We suggest that future studies investigate this association in larger sample sizes.

The relationship between personality disorders and parents' social capital with the social health of children and adolescents in Yazd

Background: Considering that personality disorders and parents' social capital are two important factors that can affect the social health of children and adolescents, therefore, the present study aims to examine the relationship between personality disorders and parents' social capital with the social health of children and adolescents in Yazd. Methods: This is a descriptive_ correlational study that was done in the province of Yazd in which 1035 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 to 18 participated. These participants were selected on the base of multi-stage random cluster sampling. The social capital questionnaire and parents' personality disorders (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory - Third Edition (MCMI-III) which parents completed and the lifestyle questionnaire was completed by children and adolescents. Data analysis was done by applying descriptive statistics and calculation of odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 1035 parents children and adolescents were enrolled, participants (44.1%) were males and (55.9%) were females. Millon's test of fathers demonstrates a significant correlation with the average scores of structural social capital, cognitive social capital, communicative social capital, and total social capital (P-value <0.001). Millon’s test of fathers had a significant relationship with total social capital in all age groups (P-value<0.05). On the other hand, Millon’s test of mothers had a significant relationship with total social capital in fathers aged 19-34 years (P-value<0.001). Conclusion: Family social capital improves children and adolescent’s social health. Consequently, caregivers have a significant impact on the social and psychological well-being of young individuals. Enhancing the level of social capital and promoting mutual understanding among parents is imperative to achieve this goal. It is necessary to strengthen the level of social capital, and mutual understanding between parents. In addition, it can be suggested to pay more attention to the psychological characteristics of parents in the process of diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of children and adolescents.

Formulation of a Model for Employee Empowerment and Job Embeddedness with the Mediating Role of Social Capital in National Sports Federations

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a model for employee empowerment and job embeddedness in sports federations, emphasizing the mediating role of social capital. Methodology: This research is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-correlational methodology. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, including Sprietzer’s Job Empowerment Questionnaire (1995), Putnam’s Social Capital Questionnaire (2005), and Edwards and Kilpatrick's Job Embeddedness Questionnaire (1984), all using a 5-point Likert scale. The sample consisted of 269 randomly selected employees from the total population of 901 employees in national sports federations. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SPSS and LISREL software to test the hypothesized relationships between empowerment, job embeddedness, and social capital. Findings: The results indicate that the relationship between employee empowerment and job embeddedness is significantly mediated by social capital. The path coefficient for the impact of empowerment on job embeddedness was 0.59, and the mediating role of social capital had a path coefficient of 0.67. The model fit indices, including RMSEA (0.080), GFI (0.91), AGFI (0.97), and NFI (0.91), demonstrate an acceptable fit for the proposed model. The analysis also showed that increasing social capital strengthens the relationship between empowerment and job embeddedness, while decreasing social capital weakens this relationship. Conclusion: This study concludes that employee empowerment and job embeddedness are closely linked through the mediating influence of social capital. Enhancing social capital in sports federations can significantly improve employee retention and productivity.

The Relationship of Social Capital With Job Satisfaction And The Quality of Nursing Care In Critical Care Nurses

Introduction and Objective: Social capital is an important factor influencing job satisfaction and the quality of nursing care provided by nurses. This study aimed to examine the relationship between social capital, job satisfaction, and quality of nursing care among critical care nurses working in critical care wards (CCWs). Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was carried out in 2018, on nurses working in the critical care wards (CCWs) of Mazandarn University hospitals located in Sari, Iran. The study included 195 participants who completed a demographic questionnaire, Nahapiet and Ghoshal's Social Capital Questionnaire, Spector's Job Satisfaction Survey, and the Quality Patient Care Scale. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive (Percentages, means, and standard deviations) and analytical statistics (Analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Univariate regression analysis). Results: The study's findings demonstrated a significant and positive correlation between social capital and both job satisfaction (p=0.001) and the quality of nursing care (p=0.001). Social capital was identified as an independent variable that accounts for 20% of the changes in job satisfaction and 41% of the changes in the quality of nursing care. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of social capital in promoting job satisfaction and improving the quality of nursing care among CCW nurses. The findings demonstrate that social capital is a key factor that can significantly impact the quality of care provided to patients. Therefore, nursing managers must recognize the value of social capital and take active steps to promote it within their organizations.

Is mental health positively associated with workplace social capital among Danish hospital employees? A multilevel study

Being mentally healthy is associated with being more productive, creative, altruistic, and innovative, which are key values in Western society and highly relevant among hospital employees. However, studies investigating the promotion of mental health rather than the prevention of poor mental health and mental illnesses among hospital employees are limited. Thus, we examined the association between workplace social capital and mental health among hospital employees using electronic survey data collected from Danish hospital employees. The study sample consisted of 1452 employees, corresponding to 40% of the hospital staff. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, in which mental health is understood as a combination of emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Workplace social capital was assessed using Borg et al.’s (2014) Social Capital Questionnaire, which measures bonding, bridging, and linking social capital in relation to immediate management and the workplace as a whole in four separate subscales. Multiple imputations by chained equations were applied.Multilevel linear regression analyzes showed a positive association among bonding, bridging, and linking social capital in relation to immediate management and mental health. First, our results highlight that hospital employees’ mental health is associated with social capital in the workplace. Second, the strongest association was found between bridging social capital in work teams and mental health. Third, mental health was significantly poorer among employees aged between 25 and 35 years than among employees aged between 46 and 55 years. However, unlike our theoretical expectation, linking social capital in relation to the workplace as a whole was not associated with mental health. In conclusion, our results provide an impetus for further research on health promotion and interventions in hospitals and in similar sectors.

Difference Between Social Capital Caregivers of Schizophrenic Patients Who Have the Highest and Lowest Burden

Mental disorders cause economic, social, physical, and even psychological burdens on the sufferer and the family. The role of the family as an informal nurse (caregiver) greatly influences the patient’s healing. Long treatment and inhumanity of schizophrenic patients is a heavy burden and cause stress on the caregiver, so proper social capital is needed. This study aims to determine the difference between social capital in caregivers of schizophrenic patients with the highest load and caregivers of schizophrenic patients with the lowest gear at RSJD Surakarta. This study is a retrospective study with a case-control approach, conducted on 100 caregivers of schizophrenic patients where 25 caregivers with the highest caregiver load as cases and 25 caregivers with the lowest social load as a control, using social capital questionnaire instruments and validated caregiver load questionnaires. Based on the study's data, normal and homogeneous social capital data distribution was obtained in cases and controls. For the normality test results, the sig level value was obtained > 0.05, namely 0.084 and 0.200, and the homogeneity test obtained a sig level value of > 0.05, namely 0.066. From the results of the T-test, a Sig (2-tailed) value of < 0.005 was obtained, which is 0.000. There is a significant difference between social capital in caregivers of schizophrenic patients with the highest burden (cases) and in caregivers of schizophrenic patients with the lowest load (control).

Depression mediates the relationship between social capital and health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

To explore the association between social capital and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to determine whether depression mediates the association among Chinese older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional research design. The Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Social Capital Questionnaire and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey were used to investigate 1201 older adults selected from Jinan, Shandong Province, China, using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between social capital and HRQoL (r = 0.269, p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated that social capital was significantly negatively associated with depression (β = -0.072, p < 0.001) and that depression was associated with HRQoL (β = -1.031, p < 0.001). The mediation analyses showed that depression mediated the association between social capital and HRQoL, and the indirect effect size was 0.073 (95% confidence interval: 0.050, 0.100).

Developing an Instrument to Measure the Social Capital in Young Tennis Players

Social capital consists of connections between individuals from which mutual trust and social networks arise. It is a term that encompasses resources that can be defined as social relations and social inclusion. It is an integral social factor that affects the social norms of an individual’s behavior. Social components are an important factor for achieving better success in sport. The level of social capital can be assessed with different questionnaires. As there were no existing validated instruments for assessing social capital in young tennis players so far, a new questionnaire in relation to competitive tennis players was made. The goal of this research was to construct and validate a questionnaire for assessing the level of social capital in young tennis players. The social capital questionnaire was filled out by 90 participants (age=16.53±1.18; girls N=31, boys N=59), who were, at the time, participating in an ITF level (International tennis federation) tennis tournament. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured with the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. When analyzing the reliability of the selected 12 questions, the reliability was determined Cr. Alpha=0.714 and the questionnaire validity was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. It is understood that many factors impact young athletes during their growth and development, and that social components and social ties play an important role in young athletes’ sporting careers. Through the creation of this questionnaire, future researchers will be able to further analyze and investigate social capital in tennis using it as a valid research tool.

Social capital, perceived stress, and mental health of men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional study.

Mental health problems are prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM). Social capital and perceived stress may affect the mental health of MSM. The purpose of this study was to understand the current status of mental health, social capital, and perceived stress among MSM and to explore which variables are influential factors of mental health. This study adopted a convenience sampling method and posted recruitment information through online social platforms (Blued, QQ, and WeChat) from January 2022 to June 2022 to recruit participants. The questionnaire included a demographic questionnaire, Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). Descriptive analyses of demographic characteristics, social capital, perceived stress, and mental health were conducted using percentages, median, interquartile range, means, and standard deviations. One-way ANOVA and independent-samples t-test were used to test the relationship between demographic characteristics and mental health, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze which variables were influencing factors of mental health. SPSS 24.0 was used for data analysis, and significant differences were found at p < 0.05. A total of 546 MSM participated in this study. Total social capital score was 18.59 ± 2.62, cognitive social capital, social participation, and social network scores were 6.53 ± 1.05, 4.15 ± 0.97, and 7.91 ± 1.57. PSS score was 26.91 ± 6.44, and SRQ-20 score was 7.5 (3, 11). Education level, relationship status, employed information, monthly income, sexual orientation, perceived stress, and three dimensions of social capital were included in the multiple linear regression based on the results of One-way ANOVA, t-test, and correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that relationship status (in a relationship), sexual orientation (heterosexual, bisexual, other), perceived stress, social participation, and social network had a significant effect on mental health. Sex with men have poorer mental health. Relationship status, sexual orientation, perceived stress, social networks, and social participation are important factors influencing mental health. The general public should be called upon to treat them with a more tolerant attitude, improve the social environment, and promote their identification with their sexual orientation, thereby reducing perceived stress and promoting the mental health of this population. In addition, from the perspective of social capital, promoting MSM social participation and expanding social networks may also be an important way to promote MSM mental health.

Nature deficit and mental health among adolescents: A perspectives of conservation of resources theory

With the rapid spread of modern urban construction and electronic technology, adolescents are increasingly deprived of direct contact with nature, suffering from a nature deficit. Nature deficit is a risk factor for mental health. Unfortunately, it is not clear how nature deficit is associated with adolescents' mental health and what the mechanism is. Nature deficit may change social (social capital) and personal resources (resilience), resulting in lasting damage to adolescents' mental health. Therefore, based on the conservation of resources theory, this paper intends to explore the correlation between nature deficit and adolescents' mental health, and the mediating role of social capital and resilience among them. A total of 688 adolescents (341 boys; mean age = 16.33, SD = 0.69, from 15 to 18 years old) were recruited and filled out the questionnaires: Adolescent Nature deficit Scale (ANDS), Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students (SCQ-AS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Depression-Anxiety Subscale (DASS). The mediation analysis results revealed that social capital and resilience work in the correlation between nature deficit and anxiety, as well as between nature deficit and depression. Importantly, “social capital-resilience” plays a mediating chain role in the correlation between nature deficit and anxiety, as well as between nature deficit and depression. These findings reveal the underlying mechanism between nature deficit and adolescents’ mental health, laying a theoretical foundation for improving the mental health level of nature deficit by improving their social capital and resilience.

Economic, social, and cultural capital and ESQ in academic achievement: A comparison of Afghan and Iranian students.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of different types of capital, including economic, social, and cultural, as well as emo-sensory intelligence (ESI) in the academic achievement of students in the two contexts of Afghanistan and Iran. For this purpose, 317 students from both countries participated in the study. They were asked to fill out the Social and Cultural Capital Questionnaire (SCCQ) and the Emo-sensory Intelligence Questionnaire (ESI-Q). Their grade point average (GPA) was taken as the indicator of their academic achievement. The findings revealed that students' level of cultural capital and emo-sensory quotient (ESQ) had a significantly positive role in their academic achievement (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant differences were found between the two contexts in terms of the level of capital, with Afghan students having significantly more cultural capital, and Iranian students having significantly higher economic capital (p < 0.05). Iranian students were also found to have a significantly higher level of ESQ compared to Afghan students (p < 0.05). Finally, the results were discussed, and implications and suggestions for further research were provided.

The role of social capital and quality of life on happiness and preventing family breakdown

Aim: The research was conducted with the analytical purpose of the relationship between social capital and quality of life with happiness and the role of social capital in preventing family breakdown. Method: The current research is a survey method. The statistical population is the population of 20 years and older in Kerman. According to Cochran's formula, the selection of the research sample is equal to 400 people. Research tools for data collection include World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1989), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) and Social Capital Questionnaire (Putnam 1993). The theoretical framework of the research is associated with the integration of the human development approach based on the description of Griffin and McKinley and the theories of Putnam, Coleman, Stone, Harper, Fukuyama regarding social capital. Results: The research results indicate that the relationship between quality of life and happiness is not significant, but social capital has a direct and positive effect on happiness, which is equal to: 0.155. With the increase of social capital, the level of happiness of people also increases. This relationship is a very strong relationship. Conclusion: All people want to be happy, but the structures of a society cause that sometimes their happiness is combined with despair and disappointment. People like Fukuyama have a direct reference to the relationship between the incidence of social problems and social capital. According to Fukuyama, the incidence of issues such as family breakdown and suicide and the like is a sign of the lack of social capital in people involved in these issues.

Relationship between Social Capital and General Health among the Iranian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

The most basic axis of a society’s economic and social growth is health, and social capital is a major factor in determining that development. The purpose of this research was to evaluate, among the student body of Iran University of Medical Sciences, the connection that exists between social capital and overall health. This study used a descriptive-analytical approach to cross-sectional research. Students attending the Iran University of Medical Sciences constituted the statistical population. The approach developed by Cochran was used to pick 367 students at random. The demographic information form, two versions of the Delaviz Social Capital Questionnaire (2006), and Goldberg and Hiller’s General Health Questionnaire (1979), served as the data collection tools. Using Cronbach’s alpha test, the reliability of the first two sets of questionnaires was determined to be 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, statistical tests, and regression after being loaded into SPSS version 22. It was shown that general health was significantly related to the factors of gender, location of living, and degree of education (p < 0.05). It was shown via the use of regression that there is a statistically significant association between social capital and the two dimensions of group involvement and relationships in networks. These two dimensions had the biggest influence on general health and explained 39% of its variations. The overall health of students was not significantly affected by factors such as age, educational level, or marital status (p > 0.05). It is feasible to improve students’ overall health if social capital is increased, more students are encouraged to participate in group projects, and students’ ties with one another inside and outside their networks are expanded.

The influence of social capital on primary school teachers' creative teaching behavior: Mediating effects of knowledge sharing and creative teaching self-efficacy

Based on social capital theory, this study attempts to investigate the underlying relationship between social capital and teachers' Creative Teaching Behavior (CTB) in school organizations, and further reveal the mechanism of social capital's effect on teachers' CTB, to provide insight into improving teachers' CTB. Random cluster sampling was used. The research model was developed by reviewing the literature and tested with survey data collected from 415 teachers in 36 primary schools from Jiangsu province, China. Teachers completed the Social Capital Questionnaire, Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire, Creative Teaching Self-efficacy Questionnaire, and Questionnaire on CTB. Demographic variables including gender, teaching experience, educational level, and professional title, were all controlled. Finally, we conducted structural equation modelling to simultaneously estimate direct and indirect effects in the case of clustered data. Results revealed that social capital positively predicted primary school teachers’ CTB; and that social capital influenced teachers’ CTB through the single mediating effect of knowledge sharing and the chain mediating effect of knowledge sharing and creative teaching self-efficacy. The findings not only indicated that social capital affected CTB directly, but also indirectly through knowledge sharing and creative teaching self-efficacy as mediator roles. This study has both theoretical and empirical implications for teachers' CTB.

Bullying Victimization Moderates the Association between Social Skills and Self-Esteem among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in International Schools.

Background. Bullying is a major school problem. Victims of bullying often experience low self-esteem, whereas social skills are positively associated with the level of self-esteem. This research examined whether the victim's condition impacted their social skills and self-esteem. Methods. International school students in Thailand aged 13 to 18 years old completed the Olweus bullying questionnaire, social capital questionnaire (SC), social skills questionnaire (SS), adolescent discrimination index (ADDI), and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). Moderation analyses and visual presentations were carried out using IBM SPSS ver. 22 and PROCESS, ver. 4.0. Results. A total of 102 students participated (63% female). The mean age of the participants was 16.57 (SD = 1.42). The number of victims was 16 (15.7%), the mean (SD) for the SC, SS, ADDI, and RSES was 7.82 (2.37), 44.45 (9.40), 12.33 (9.82), and 27.85 (5.31), respectively. As predicted, those with high social skills reported greater self-esteem when they had never been bullied. The moderation effect was significant: B = 0.458, standard error = 0.203, 95% CI = -0.836 to -0.054. Additionally, the ADDI and SC were found to predict self-esteem. Conclusions. The significant moderation effect suggests the importance of identifying the victim's condition when the association between social skills and self-esteem is not observed (as expected) among school adolescents. A longitudinal study to confirm the causal relationship should be encouraged. Further research on providing appropriate interventions along with social skill training for the victim group is warranted.

The study of the relationship between social capital and mental disorders in children and adolescents in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province, Iran

Background and aims: Social capital, by encouraging people to collaborate and engage in social interactions, has been considered as an effective factor for development of mental disorders. In the preset study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between different aspects of social capital and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. A total of 1001 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years and their parents were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling to participate in the study. The data in the present study were compiled using a Persian translated version of the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) semi-structured questionnaire as well as the Social Capital Questionnaire of Nahapiet and Ghoshal. The raw data were analyzed statistically using Fisher and chi-square tests. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 version. Results: Our results show that better relationship, cooperation, mutual understanding, and commitment are significantly and inversely correlated to psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. In this regard we found that the mutual understanding (P=0.008) and relationships (P=0.001) are strongly related to social capital, while other components may have more or less effects. Conclusion: Our findings show that various aspects of social capital are associated with development of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Some of the social capital components including better relationship, cooperation, mutual understanding, and obligation have significant effects; however, others including networks, values and trust could not exert significant effects on mental health.

Happiness and Moral Courage Among Iranian Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Workplace Social Capital.

BackgroundCOVID-19 has become a major global health problem, and healthcare professionals are facing lot of pressure and stress. Accumulated resources and energy obtained via interpersonal relationships is called social capital, which can reduce the negative effects of pressure and stress related to the workplace by impacting happiness and moral courage. This study explored the effect of workplace social capital on moral courage and happiness in nurses working in the COVID-19 wards.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, using a random sampling method, 169 nurses from three hospitals in East Mazandaran province, Iran, participated who worked in COVID-19 wards. The Onyx and Bullen Social Capital Questionnaire, the Sekerka's Moral Courage Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were used in this study. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analyses, and stepwise multiple regression were performed for data analysis.ResultsThe mean age of nurses was 31.38 ± 6.82 years. Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, educational level, and employment status were significant predictors of workplace social capital. Social capital was positively correlated with moral courage (r = 0.29, p < 0.01) and happiness (r = 0.32, p < 0.01). In addition, social capital explained 6.8 and 8.6% variance in predicting moral courage and happiness, respectively.ConclusionsWorkplace social capital is a vital organizational phenomenon affecting nurses' moral courage and happiness, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, hospitals should be aware of the importance of social capital; they should ensure that all the practices and policies are in place to develop and increase it.

Relationship Between Social Capital and Quality of Life (QoL) Among the Elderly Patients Experienced Traumatic Events

Background and Objectives: The quality of life (QoL) of the elderly can be declined by several factors. Social capital is one of the effective factors for improving the QoL. This study aims to determine the relationship between social capital and QoL in the elderly hospitalized due to traumatic events. Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. The study population consists of all older patients aged 65 years and higher admitted to selected hospitals in Qom, Iran from September 2019 to September 2020 due to experiencing traumatic events. of these, 330 were selected using a non-probability sequential sampling method. Data collection tools were Onyx and Bullen’s social capital questionnaire, the Leiden-Padua quality of life questionnaire, and a demographic checklist. Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 26 software using descriptive statistics and statistical tests including Spearman correlation test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multivariate regression analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 70±4.6 years; 49% were male and 51% were female. The mean scores of social capital and quality of life were 67.6±13.5 and 51.6±17.4, respectively. A positive and significant correlation was observed between social capital and quality of life (r=0.719, P&lt;0.05). Social capital had a significant relationship with marital status (P=0.000), place of residence (P=0.001), insurance coverage (P=0.000) and level of education (P=0.000). Conclusion: Social capital has a relationship with the quality of life in the elderly experiencing traumatic events. For successful aging and to anticipate its prerequisites, the strengthening and improvement of social capital is important.

Assessing Nurses’ Workplace Social Capital: A Study Protocol for Culturally Appropriate Instrument Development

Workplace social capital positively influences the quality but reduces the cost of healthcare services. Academic research suffers from limited and inadequate culturally sensitive nurses’ workplace social capital instruments. Here we report on the design and protocol of a culturally focused instrument development study in China. The overarching objective of our dual phase study is to develop and validate a questionnaire measuring nurses’ workplace social capital tailored toward Chinese cultural values and norms. In the first phase of INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT, the qualitative phase, we will conduct interviews with purposefully sampled nurses from five geographically diverse regions capturing 16 provinces in China to formulate the initial version of the Nurses’ Workplace Social Capital Questionnaire (NWSCQ). Data collection will be stopped at the saturation point and content analysis will be performed for interview data in parallel. The initial version of the NWSCQ will be evaluated and confirmed by two-rounds of expert consultation (target N = 20) and pre-tested among 70 nurses. During the second phase of INSTRUMENT VALIDATION or the quantitative phase, we will validate the psychometric properties of the NWSCQ. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire will be examined and validated through three cross-sectional surveys among nurses (target N = 1154) randomly selected from 12 tertiary hospitals. We have reported our study protocol with the intention of sharing our experience with researchers in other countries who are striving to advance the phenomenon of culturally sensitive and social normatively appropriate nurses’ workplace social capital. Findings from our study should advance the development of culturally appropriate and valid instrument of nurses’ workplace social capital, another important step toward recognition and incorporation of cultural diversity in the daily operation of healthcare industry.