Social Boldness Research Articles

Association of Personality Traits of Alcohol-dependent Patients with Their Psychiatric Comorbidities: A Cross-sectional Study from Central Rural India

Introduction: Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) is a significant health problem all over the world. Alcohol-dependent individuals have a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and nonadaptive personality traits that may influence the pathogenesis, treatment outcome, clinical course, and relapse of ADS. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities of alcohol-dependent patients and to determine the association of personality traits with psychiatric comorbidities in ADS. Methodology: An observational study was conducted on 100 patients of ADS from Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi Wardha, Maharashtra. They were assessed through semi-structured sociodemographic pro forma, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview PLUS, and 16 Personality Factor Inventory. Results: Most of the patients scored high on personality traits such as dominance (67%), warmth (56%), sensitivity (70%), social boldness (56%), openness to change (65%), vigilance (77%), and perfectionism (52%) while they scored low on factors privateness (50%) and liveliness (35%). The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was found to be 49%, with mood disorders (21%) being the most common diagnosis. Personality factors dominance (0.0001) and social boldness (0.042) were significantly associated with psychiatric comorbidities with P < 0.05. Conclusion: The personality traits and psychiatric comorbidity need to be addressed at the time of management to improve outcome.

Team personality characteristics and performance in a simulated largeaircraft instrument control task

We investigated the relationship between personality characteristics and performance on a simulated large-aircraft instrument control task. The sample comprised 155 undergraduates in China, who completed the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire to assess personality characteristics, and were randomly allocated to one of 31 teams of five people. We used multiple regression analysis to establish a predictive model of team performance based on team personality elevation and team personality diversity integration models. The results showed that when the team personality elevation integration was used as the independent variable, an increase in rule consciousness led to improvement in team performance, whereas an increase in vigilance, dominance, and social boldness led to a deterioration in team performance. When team personality diversity integration was used as the independent variable, an increase in warmth and openness to change led to improvement in team performance, and an increase in sensitivity led to deterioration in team performance. The simulation task designed in this study provides a specific tool for research involving flight crews on large aircraft. The findings provide a theoretical reference for optimum allocation of flight crews.

Differences in Dominance, Social Boldness and Privateness: A Comparative Study of Castes

The culture of any country is multi-dimensional in nature. The cultural differences exist everywhere. Caste differences is an intrinsic part of the Indian society. The personality differences may occur due to differences and discrimination among different castes. The present research is an attempt to measure the caste differences in the personality factors like dominance, social boldness and privateness. For this study the two broad categories of caste that is SC and Non-SC was studied. A sample of 600 college students from the age range between 18 and 25 was selected. The SC and Non-SC ratio was 1:1. The 16 PF Questionnaire developed by R. B. Cattell-5th Edition was used to measure dominance, social boldness and privateness. Independent t-test was carried out to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed that there were significant differences between SC and Non-SC on dominance, social boldness and privateness. Non-SC subjects were found to be higher on these three factors.

Personality Profile of Elite Male Badminton Players of Bangladesh

Background: Psychology is the scientific study of human mind and its functions, especially those which affect behaviour in a given context. A personality profile is a comprehensive assessment that provides insights into an individual's psychological characteristics, behavioural tendencies, and emotional attributes. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze and understand the personality profile of elite male badminton players of Bangladesh. Methods: The personality profile was measured for the present study. For assessing personality profile, 16 PF questionnaire which was developed by Cattell was considered. Personality factors were assessed using Bengali version of Raymond Cattell’s 16 PF questionnaires (Form-C) developed and standardized by Bose and Chatterjee (1984), Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta. The 16 PF questionnaire was included total sixteen factors i.e. Factor A-reserved v/s outgoing; Factor B- less intelligent v/s more intelligent; Factor C-economically less stable v/s economically stable; Factor E- humble v/s assertive; Factor F-sober v/s enthusiastic; Factor G-expedient v/s conscientious; Factor H- shy v/s venturesome; Factor I-tough minded v/s tender minded; Factor L- trusting v/s suspicious; Factor M-practical v/s imaginative; Factor N-forthright v/s shrewd; Factor O- self assured vs. apprehensive; Factor Q1- conservative vs. liberal; Factor Q2- Group oriented v/s self sufficient; Factor Q3- undisciplined self-conflict v/s following self image; Factor Q4- relaxed v/s tensed. Total hundred male badminton players (n=100) who were attending National Coaching Camp of Bangladesh were selected as subjects. The collected data of personality factors were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the subjects were lower average in Factor H. On the other hand they were also found to be higher than the normal in Factors G and Q3. In respect of other factors they had found average standard mean values. Conclusions: National level male badminton players of Bangladesh appear to be average in personality traits including; A (warmth), C (emotional stability), E (dominance), F (liveliness), I (sensitivity), L (vigilance), N (privateness, O (apprehension), Q1 (openness to change), and Q4 (tensions ). It is also found that they have less reasoning ability (Factor B), be shy, sensitive, and hesitant (Factor H) in respect of social boldness. National level male badminton players of Bangladesh appear to be dutiful and rule bound (Factor G), imaginative (Factor M), self reliant (Factor Q2) and socially precise (Factor Q3)) conscientious in respect of rule consciousness.

Personality traits changes in the training process of Chinese airline transport pilots

OBJECTIVE: To study the personality changes of Chinese airline transport pilots in the training process from cadets to captains. METHODS: In This paper, we used the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) to track and record the personality traits of 200 students majoring in flight technology and 200 “college graduates to pilot” in five different periods from the beginning of aviation theory training to becoming captains. RESULTS: Before the aviation theory training, for the 16 factors of 16PF, there was a significant difference in 11 factors (including Warmth (A), Reasoning (B), etc.) between the students majoring in flight technology and “college graduates to pilot” (p< 0.05). After the completion of theory training, there were only four factors (Sensitivity (I), Openness to Change (Q1), Self Reliance (Q2) and Perfectionism (Q3) (p< 0.05) between the students majoring in flight technology and “college graduates to pilot”, then after the flight training, there is no significant difference between them. When they became captains, compared with when they were flying cadets, 13 factors of students majoring in flight technology and 7 factors of “college graduates to pilot” had changed significantly. From the perspective of the growth of flying cadets, in the process of becoming a captain, there are three stages that have a great influence on the personality of the participants. The first stage is the university study. The second stage is the flight training, and the third stage is the copilot growing into a captain. CONCLUSION: During the process of a pilot growing from a cadet to a captain, his or her personality is constantly developing and changing, and on the whole, develops towards a personality direction conducive to flight safety. In particular, when a copilot grows into a captain, the personality traits of a qualified airline pilot, including Emotional Stablity (C), Rule-Consciousness (G), Social Boldness (H), Privateness (N), Self-Reliance (Q2), etc., have been greatly strengthened at this stage.

The role of personality traits in mediating the relation between fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety.

Social interaction anxiety and fear of negative evaluation have many maladaptive outcomes and, in order to counteract their effects, it is essential to identify those psychological or social factors that make people vulnerable to them. One of these factors is the individual's personality structure: some personality traits increase the individuals' vulnerability to symptoms of social anxiety, while others protect them. The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of HEXACO personality traits in mediating the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety, in a sample of 352 cadets from the Land Forces Academy of Sibiu. The relationships between these concepts were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in several hypothetical models, two of which were ultimately validated. In the first model, the fear of negative evaluation has an indirect effect on social interaction anxiety through the mediation of extraversion, conscientiousness, and altruism, separately. Furthermore, extraversion, conscientiousness, and altruism play a serial mediating role in the association between the fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety. In the second model, the fear of negative evaluation has an indirect effect on social interaction anxiety through the mediation of social boldness, liveliness, and organization, separately, but not through altruism. Social boldness, liveliness, and organization played a serial mediating role in the relationship between the two constructs, while altruism moderated the relationship between liveliness, organization, and social interaction anxiety. Analysing the relationship between the individuals' personality traits, social anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation facilitated the identification of ways to cultivate desirable behaviours in social environments typified by compliance, discipline, uniformity, and rigor.

Explanatory variables of educational innovation: A model based on personality traits

Introduction. Innovation is a relevant concept in the field of education inasmuch as it refers to planned processes aimed at improving school organization, teachers’ professional development, student learning, and more. However, it is an element that is influenced by a wide variety of variables. Teachers’ personality traits are those elements that are capable of describing, explaining, and predicting their behaviour. Method. The objective of this study is to offer a statistical model that explains teaching innovation factors based on teachers’ personality factors. A survey was carried out with 1,040 Spanish teachers in basic education. They were given the Teaching Innovation Factors Questionnaire and the 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire. Results. The multiple linear regression analysis resulted in significant models to predict Institutional Participation (R2 = .16), Psychopedagogical Openness (R2 = .18), and Didactic Planning (R2 = .11). The first of these factors can be predicted based on the following personality traits: self-reliance, liveliness, openness to change, affability, social boldness, and perfectionism. The regression model for the second factor consists of openness to change, affability, dominance, liveliness, self-reliance, and stability. The third factor can be predicted based on openness to change, sensitivity, perfectionism, rule-consciousness, dominance, social daring, liveliness, and vigilance. Discussion and Conclusion. In conclusion, some personality factors are part of models that can predict teaching innovation, especially the opening.

STUDY ON TEACHERS' PERSONAL QUALITIES, SELF-DEVELOPMENT SKILLS

The article presents the results of an experimental study on teachers’ personal qualities, as well as their self-development abilities. The aim of the study is to find out the peculiarities of lecturers’ personal qualities and self-development. Among the lecturers the following personal factors have been found above the average: warmth, rule-consciousness, emotional stability, social boldness, abstractedness, openness to change. And the indicators of self-development are average for lecturers, which shows that lecturers are able to realize their own opportunities, to develop themselves for professional growth. And after the analysis of the questionnaire results, we can conclude that for the Armenian lecturers the actions taken for self-recognition are as follows: self-development, retraining, communication with their colleagues, they prefer to be professional. The lecturers of the psychological weakness considered the following qualities: kindness, sincerity, difficult to accept innovations, lack of language knowledge.

Analysis of personality traits' correlation to facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and mandibular line angle based on 16 personality factor in Chinese college students.

Facial appearance reveals clues about personality. Studies have found that facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) correlates with some personality traits, and mandibular morphology as a potential facial feature that might have correlation with personality traits. Therefore, a face recognition study was carried out to explore the personality traits' correlation to both fWHR and bilateral mandibular line angles. Specifically, face images of 904 college students in China were collected and measured, with the personality traits evaluated using the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. Analyses revealed that the average bilateral mandibular line angle of the male were significantly more extensive than that of the female, while the fWHR of the female was significantly more extensive than that of the male. We found facial features (fWHR and average bilateral mandibular line angle) were correlated with 16PF in the canonical correlation analysis and the loadings of bilateral mandibular line angles were greater than that of fWHR. The fWHR was significantly negatively correlated with the scores of sensitivity and self-reliance in male but none of the factors related to fWHR in female. The bilateral mandibular line angles were significantly negatively correlated with the scores of social boldness in male, and were significantly negatively correlated with the scores of vigilance and apprehension in female. Over all, the correlations between fWHR, average bilateral mandibular line angle and certain 16PF factors in male and female tend to be different, suggesting that such correlations might vary with gender. In the future, mandibular morphology could be selected as a potential indicator in facial perception. The limitations of this study were the participants were limited to 18-30 years of age and the mandibular morphology was not measured with anthropometry, which could be further improved in future studies.

Comparison of Personality Profile and Sleep Quality of Patients with COPD and Healthy People

Background and Objective: Respiratory disorders affect the personality traits and quality of sleep in pulmonary patients. The purpose of this study was to compare sleep quality and personality factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy individuals.
 Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional project, 70 participants with convenience sampling were enrolled. These participants were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 35 patients with respiratory disorders who were admitted to Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, to take pulmonary care and group 2 consisted of 35 healthy people from the patients’ families. All were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). Statistical analysis of data was performed by SPSS software.
 Results: There was a significant difference between personality factors in two groups, so that mean of B (reasoning), C (emotional stability), E (dominance), F (liveliness), G (rule consciousness), H (social boldness, and Q3 (perfectionism) factors in the healthy group was higher than the patient group and the mean of M (abstractedness), O (apprehension), and Q4 (tension) factors in the patient group was higher than the healthy group. The mean difference in sleep quality was also significant (P < 0.01) and indicated that patient group had more sleep problems and their sleep quality was poor.
 Conclusion: In order to help patients with pulmonary disorders, evaluation of personality status and quality of sleep should be considered. This consideration can help the patients to receive better treatment and their psychological and physical problems would be considered simultaneously.

“Feeling Powerful” versus “Desiring Power”: A pervasive and problematic conflation in personality assessment?

Feeling powerful and desiring power, the “having” versus “wanting” psychological experiences of power, are often conflated within a single measurement dimension (e.g., ascendance, social influence, dominance, agentic extraversion, assertiveness, social boldness). Across six studies, employing multiple modes of assessment, we examine the differential associations of tendencies toward feeling powerful and desiring power with a range of interpersonal functioning variables. Feeling powerful was associated with more harmonious interpersonal tendencies (e.g., agreeableness, empathy), whereas desiring power was associated with less harmonious interpersonal tendencies (e.g., hostility, Machiavellianism). Nomological nets of a wide range of extant assessment measures (e.g., facets of extraversion and psychopathic personality) may be distorted due to the conflation of these two power constructs, with implications for many domains of research.

A comparative study of personality profile among violent and non-violent convicts: A cross sectional study.

The conviction-prone personality sees events as external forces and not according to their own or another's emotion, cognition, or inner forces. This study compared the personality traits and psychopathology of both violent and non-violent convicts. The total number of samples were 60 (30 violent and 30 non-violent) which were recruited from the Central jail of Jaipur (Rajasthan). A pro forma was used to collect sociodemographic variables. The 16-personality factor questionnaire was applied after receiving permission from the concerned authorities. Student t-test was applied to compare violent and non-violent convicts. Violent convicts had high scores for factors E (dominance), H (social boldness), L (vigilance), Q2 (social reliance), and Q4 (tension) and low scores for C (emotional stability) and G (rule consciousness). Whereas non-violent convicts had high scores for factors L (vigilance) and N (privateness) and low score for A (warmth), F (liveliness), O (apprehension), Q2 (self-reliance), and Q4 (tension). All results are statistically significant (P-value was 0.001), except factor I (P-value was 0.745) and M (P-value was 0.314). So, the violent convict group were significantly more dominant, bossy, competitive, bold, self-reliant, individualistic, tense, frustrated, high-energy driven, and self-indulgent as compare to non-violent convicts.

Characterization of social behavior in the spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus

AbstractWhile there are many species that are commonly used for the study of mammalian social behavior, there remains a need for lab‐suitable organisms that are appropriate for examining sociality specifically in non‐reproductive contexts (i.e., social behavior not in the context of mating or parenting). The spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus, is a cooperatively breeding rodent that lives in large groups and is a species that holds great potential for studying a wide range of social behaviors in reproductive and non‐reproductive contexts. Here, we characterize the basic social behaviors in male and female A. cahirinus to obtain a foundation for future study. We tested adult A. cahirinus in social approach, social preference, social interaction, social recognition, and group size preference paradigms. Regardless of sex, novelty, or familiarity, we found that both males and females rapidly approach conspecifics demonstrating high social boldness. Additionally, both sexes are significantly more prosocial than aggressive when freely interacting with conspecifics. However, we observed effects of sex on social preferences, such that males exhibit a preference to affiliate with same‐sex conspecifics, whereas females exhibit a preference for affiliating with opposite‐sex conspecifics. We discuss how this preference may relate to the cooperative breeding system of spiny mice. Lastly, both sexes show a robust preference for affiliating with large over small groups, indicating they may be an ideal species for the study of mammalian gregariousness. These data lay a basic foundation for future studies that seek to assess complex group dynamics and the mechanisms underlying reproductive and non‐reproductive social behaviors in a highly social mammal.

Identifying leadership in medical trainees: evaluation of a competency-based approach

BackgroundAs medical professional roles diversify, it is essential to understand what makes effective medical leaders. This study develops and validates a medical leadership competency framework that can be used to...

Social boldness correlates with brain gene expression in male green anoles

Within populations, some individuals tend to exhibit a bold or shy social behavior phenotype relative to the mean. The neural underpinnings of these differing phenotypes – also described as syndromes, personalities, and coping styles – is an area of ongoing investigation. Although a social decision-making network has been described across vertebrate taxa, most studies examining activity within this network do so in relation to exhibited differences in behavioral expression. Our study instead focuses on constitutive gene expression in bold and shy individuals by isolating baseline gene expression profiles that influence social boldness predisposition, rather than those reflecting the results of social interaction and behavioral execution. We performed this study on male green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis), an established model organism for behavioral research, which provides a crucial comparison group to investigations of birds and mammals. After identifying subjects as bold or shy through repeated reproductive and agonistic behavior testing, we used RNA sequencing to compare gene expression profiles between these groups within various forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions. The ventromedial hypothalamus had the largest group differences in gene expression, with bold males having increased expression of neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter receptor and calcium channel genes compared to shy males. Conversely, shy males express more integrin alpha-10 in the majority of examined regions. There were no significant group differences in physiology or hormone levels. Our results highlight the ventromedial hypothalamus as an important center of behavioral differences across individuals and provide novel candidates for investigations into the regulation of individual variation in social behavior phenotype.

ТРИВОЖНІСТЬ У СТРУКТУРІ ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОЇ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОСТІ ЖУРНАЛІСТА

The article considers the place of anxiety in the journalist's integral personality structure. Due to the difficulties and stress context of the journalist's profession with deadlines, permanent urgency and sometimes even life dangerous anxiety may rise and its place in integral personality structure has not researched yet. More often, we may find publications about post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome among journalists than researches dedicated to anxiety, especially to its connections with other psychological properties and traits. Our purpose is to find the place of anxiety in the journalist's integral personality structure. Reaching of purpose is reflected in the following tasks. The first task is establishing connections of anxiety with other individual psychological properties, the second, identifying predictors of anxiety and statistically prove their impact on the anxiety development, the third, establishing the links between anxiety and an integral characteristic of the individual which is professional self-esteem. The methods of this research are psychodiagnostic tests such as Structure of Temperament Questionnaire by Rusalov, Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Personality Value Orientations Questionnaire by Bubnova etc. The results of our research show anxiety has many links to temperament, psychological traits, and even values. Some of them are positive (emotionality, social emotionality, vigilance, tension, values of rest and respect), others are negative (ergic, plasticity, emotional stability, dominance, social boldness, perfectionism). Moreover, anxiety has causal relationships with other properties of psychological level (emotional stability, dominance, social boldness etc.). The influence of anxiety on personality was shown with an inverse statistically significant correlation between anxiety and professional self-esteem, which is an integral characteristic of individuality. This result reflects a need for socio-psychological or soft skills training that helps journalists to improve their professional self-esteem and to reduce the level of anxiety.

Exploring the influence of stakeholder personality on crisis response evaluations and outcomes

AbstractWhile public relations professionals are beginning to utilize psychographic data for more refined audience targeting methods, this study examines how elemental personality traits impact (1) crisis communication outcomes (lessen levels of attributed crisis responsibility, improve individual's reputation and increase positive word‐of‐mouth) and (2) evaluations of crisis response strategies during a paracrisis. This study utilized an experimental design with 368 collegiate participants. Results suggest that several underlying personality traits predict reputation repair‐outcomes regardless of the communication strategy used. For example, findings suggested that stakeholders who rated higher in gentleness and lower in modesty and social boldness reported higher reputational scores pertaining to the offending individual. Yet, other traits, such as prudence, interacted with strategies that prompt the offending individual's preferred crisis communication outcomes.

Functional coordination of personality strategies with physical strength and attractiveness: A multi-sample investigation at the HEXACO facet-level

Previous research has supported adaptationist hypotheses pertaining to the functional coordination of personality strategies with phenotypic determinants of bargaining power, such as physical strength and attractiveness. However, prior studies have focused primarily on explaining variation in Extraversion and Emotionality/Neuroticism as broadband traits. The current study synthesizes data from three subject samples (N = 766) to test correlations of physical strength and attractiveness with the HEXACO factors and facets among young adults. Our analyses reveal specific, functionally meaningful, patterns of phenotypic coordination, and thereby help illuminate which facets drive previously documented associations at the factor-level. Among both sexes, strength was an especially important predictor of facets whose secondary loadings place them in the quadrant of factor space defined by high Extraversion (Expressiveness, Liveliness, Social Boldness) and low Emotionality (Fearfulness, Anxiety). Findings bolster the hypothesis that specific personality strategies are coordinated with phenotypic components of bargaining power, and suggest that granular measures of personality (such as facets) may provide more mechanistic and functional insight than broadband trait factors.

Extraversion is associated with advice network size, but not network density or emotional closeness to network members

Friendship networks are instrumental to a whole range of outcomes including career success and personal wellbeing, and as such it is important to ask how social networks are shaped by personality variables. However, previous research examining how extraversion is associated with social network size and closeness to social network members has produced inconsistent findings. Here, we assessed how extraversion (HEXACO model) was associated with three key features of advice networks (size, density, and emotional closeness to network members) in a sample of 199 participants (17–75 years, M = 25, SD = 11; 146 women). We found that higher levels of extraversion (and its four facets: social self-esteem, social boldness, sociability, and liveliness) corresponded to a significantly larger advice network, but not greater network density, or greater emotional closeness to network members. The social manifestation of extraversion here seems to be operationalised in terms of a greater number of interactive advice partners, but no increased probability of ensuring that contacts are connected to each other, or of developing emotionally deep relationships with contacts.

DeceIT and Personality: Which HEXACO Traits Make a Convincing Liar?

Law enforcement officers in undercover roles, working with informants and in police interviews, use deception to uncover critical evidence in criminal investigations. Therefore, lie production is a critical skill for these law enforcement officers. However, current selection processes for police assigned to these areas do not include tests to identify effective storytellers (liars), as standardised and reliable tests for this do not exist, despite the fact that the ability to lie is exceedingly important for both operational effectiveness and officer safety. This pilot study investigates the lie production abilities of 84 undergraduate students from an Australian university. Student scores in a game of deception were compared with their scores on the 100-item version of the HEXACO-PI-R (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience), a measure of personality traits, to explore relationships between deception abilities and personality traits. Results indicate that fairness, sincerity, honesty-humility, sentimentality, social boldness and creativity were associated with lie production ability, while sociability and diligence were predictive of successful truth telling. Further research is required to validate these results in the law enforcement population. Notably, the findings did not support the existence of a relationship between lie production and lie detection ability, suggesting these are two separate skills.