Social Affirmation Research Articles

Strategies to overcome mental health stigma: Insights and recommendations from young people with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Young people with depression are met with stigma related to their mental health, which exacerbates loneliness, social isolation, and depression symptoms. While disclosing depression could improve one's mental health, stigma can also make social interactions more challenging and reduce the likelihood of receiving treatment. This research explored young people's experiences with stigma and recommendations for addressing it. Semi-structured interviews conducted with N=35 young people aged 18-25 years (Mage =20.09) were analyzed with thematic analysis. Participants met the criteria for clinical depression using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (score >27) or had recently obtained a medical diagnosis (N=18) of depression by a medical professional. Participants faced stigma when deciding to disclose their depression, which fed into a vicious cycle influencing feelings of loneliness, social isolation, and withdrawal. Their recommendations for others to avoid this cycle can be summarized under three main themes: (1) Social affirmation: identify allies and build meaningful connections; (2) Self-affirmation: build a constructive relationship with the self; and (3) Societal affirmation: structural changes are needed. The current research indicates that social, self-, and societal affirmation are considered important for reducing the detrimental impacts of stigma. Policies and programs are needed that provide mental health support to young people, and public awareness campaigns that guide young people to appropriate resources (i.e., support and intervention) via governmental public health bodies.

Né ἰατρίνη né μαῖα: i saperi «speciali» della iatromaea/ἰατρόμαια

Abstract Neither ἰατρίνη nor μαῖα: the «special» knowledge of the iatromaea/ἰατρόμαια Especially in the last thirty years both the ἰατρίναι/medicae and the μαῖαι/obstetrices have received particular attention from scholars both for a more precise framing of these female «professions» within activities that are not exclusively manual but also intellectual, and in order to reconstruct the legal status, the possibilities of social affirmation and the opportunities of economic income of these two specific professional profiles. The subject of analysis here is a figure in its own right, that of the iatromaea/ἰατρόμαια, a term attested by very rare epigraphic mentions in Latin and Greek, absent from the databases of papyrus texts and a veritable hapax in literary testimonies. After reviewing the inscriptions that certify the existence of this word and the hypotheses formulated by moderns regarding its possible meaning, the paper attempts to trace the professional profile of this specialist, identifying, through a comparison with the sources, similarities and differences with the other types of therapists and making an interpretative proposal in conclusion regarding the specific knowledge and skills of the iatromaea/ἰατρόμαια.

Mental health and wellbeing outcomes associated with social, medical, and legal gender affirmation among trans young people in Australia

Background Gender affirmation is known to improve mental health among trans adults, but its impact on young people has been questioned. This study examined the mental health outcomes associated with social, medical, and legal gender affirmation among trans young people in Australia. Methods Data from 1697 trans young people aged 14–21 who participated in an Australian national survey were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. We measured associations between gender affirmation and various mental health variables, including levels of happiness, psychological distress, anxiety, self-harm and recent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Associations between gender affirmation and young people’s wellbeing, including experiences of verbal harassment, homelessness, and drug use were also examined. Results Participants who had affirmed their gender legally and medically (via hormone therapy or surgery/ies) reported lower levels of anxiety and psychological distress, while legal gender affirmation was associated with lower suicidal ideation. Social affirmation was not directly associated with wellbeing outcomes but was linked to an increased likelihood of verbal harassment and homelessness. All forms of gender affirmation were associated with increased drug use, which likely reflects the greater opportunities for social connection and LGBTQ-community involvement that trans young people experience when they take steps to affirm their gender. Conclusion All forms of gender affirmation were positively associated with the wellbeing of trans young people. Though young people who had socially affirmed their gender faced higher likelihoods of experiencing verbal harassment and homelessness, this is likely linked to their increased visibility and subsequent vulnerability to discrimination. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address transphobia and discrimination. A comprehensive approach to supporting the wellbeing of trans young people should include legal, medical, and social affirmation, as well as addressing potential negative outcomes via societal education.

Challenging Norms: The Impact of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Realities on Work and School Participation.

Disruption in school and the workplace are health concerns for transgender people. To evaluate transgender individuals' thoughts and comfort with how others perceive their gender identity (social affirmation) and its association with outness in the workplace and mistreatment at work or school. Cross-sectional survey. Survey respondents older than age 18 yr from the Study of Transition, Outcomes & Gender cohort (N = 696; n = 350 assigned male at birth, n = 346 assigned female at birth [AFAB]). Ever "out" to employer and treated unfairly at work or school or fired from job. Predictors were high social affirmation and comfort with how others perceive own gender identity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for analyses. Individuals reporting high social affirmation were less likely to experience mistreatment at work or school than those with low social affirmation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.38, 0.86]). Individuals AFAB who felt comfortable with how others perceived their gender identity were less likely to be out to their employers than individuals AFAB who did not (OR = 0.45; 95% CI [0.20, 0.97]). Individuals with high social affirmation were less likely to experience work or school mistreatment, and feeling comfortable with how others perceive their gender identity did not signify the need to be out. Plain-Language Summary: Occupational therapy practitioners can play a pivotal role when working with transgender individuals by assisting in creating new routines for self-presentation at work or school, navigating social environments, and providing guidance in self-advocacy skills. Individuals assigned male at birth may be in greater need because they report lower levels of social affirmation and acceptance at school and work than individuals assigned female at birth.

Presence as Absence: The Homely and the Unhomely in Jewish Photography under Nazism

This article traces the change in practice and the transition of meaning in the photographs taken in Jewish homes in Germany under the Nazi regime. It draws on the ontological duality of absence and presence embedded in the medium of photography to analyze examples of such photographs selected from numerous archival and private collections, discerning a move away from the practice of interior photography as a tool of social affirmation in the late Weimar Republic toward its attestation of absence and loss shortly before emigration from Germany. Employing the Freudian term uncanny in its original spatial connotation as “unhomely,” the analysis contextualizes the latent presence of the inhabitants in images of vacant interiors through a discussion of the historical change in the domestic life of Jews in the face of the increasing Nazification of the public space. Focusing on the commemorative and mnemonic function of the photos, the article concludes by addressing their constitutive role in personal narratives as a private lieu de mémoire and as the generator of future postmemories.

You fooled me, so I’ll tell you about myself! personnel-related brand betrayal experiences and disclosure of personal information

Past research has extensively studied the negative effects of brand betrayals on consumer attitudes, but largely ignored their potential positive consequences. Also, while previous research has focused on betrayals made by the brand itself, it has paid less attention to betrayals by the brand’s personnel. This paper focuses on one potentially important positive consequence of brand personnel betrayal experiences (a consumer’s feeling of being betrayed by the brand staff members): the increased willingness of consumers to share personal insights and information with the brand after experiencing a brand personnel betrayal. A field data set and two online experiments show that consumers are more prepared to share personal information with the brand when experiencing brand personnel betrayals than when experiencing other types of service or brand failures. The effect is mediated by consumers’ social affirmation mindset and moderated by privacy concerns.

Parental gender affirmation and children’s best interests in Australian family law

This article examines how the Australian family courts have considered parental gender affirmation when determining the best interests of children in post-separation parenting disputes under Part VII of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). It analyses three features of the jurisprudence which arguably challenge the acceptance of transgender and gender diverse (‘TGD’) families in Australian family law: the potential risk of harm to children, and the impacts on parenting capacity, from a parent affirming their gender; emphasis upon the uniqueness of parental gender affirmation as a childhood experience, with attendant risks to children from ‘public’ exposure; and the importance of language to the social affirmation of gender and for representing the perspectives and experiences of TGD parents and their children. The author argues that as more post-separation parenting disputes involving parental gender affirmation come before the Australian family courts, they will contribute to making TGD families more ‘visible’ in law, thereby promoting greater understanding of a family form that may still be labelled ‘ambiguous’, ‘novel’ or lacking an ‘established social or legal script’.

Ethical Need for a Fertility Decision-Aid for Transgender Adults of Reproductive Age

Ethical Need for a Fertility Decision-Aid for Transgender Adults of Reproductive Age

Development and validation of the Psychological Food Involvement Scale (PFIS)

Food Involvement reflects the bond between consumer and food, and serves as a means of expression, identity and social recognition. Yet no existing scales are able to assess the complex psychological nature of Food Involvement. To fill this gap, this study developed and validated a Psychological Food Involvement Scale (PFIS). Data were collected by an online self-report questionnaire, involving 476 Italians aged 20–72 years (M = 48.13, SD = 13.18). The structure and psychometric properties of PFIS were examined through an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis, and construct validity was assessed by correlating it with Food Involvement Scale, Food Variety Seeking Scale and the General Health Interest Scale. As a behavioural indicator of validity, food and drink consumption was assessed using the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire. Factor analysis indicated that the PFIS comprised 19 items grouped in four stable dimensions: Emotional Balance; Self-Realization; Social Affirmation; Social Bonding. People more psychologically involved in food were more interested in healthy eating and more likely to vary their diet. The PFIS discriminated between dietary patterns. Higher PFIS scores were associated with frequent consumption of meat/fish and wholegrains/legumes. Frequent intake of meat/fish and snacks was associated with Social Bonding and meat/fish with Emotional Balance. The PFIS also explained consumption of vegetable drinks and lactose-free milk indicating the symbolic value ascribed to them related to self-expression, acceptance by others, and emotions. This implies potential for the PFIS for use in research to understand food choice and promote healthy eating.

Church Affirmation Moderates the Relationship Between Weight-Rejection-Sensitivity and Body Dissatisfaction in Young Adults in the USA.

Systematic research on the role of social affirmation from one's religious community on body evaluations is absent. This study therefore explored the relationships among feeling affirmed-from-church, weight-rejection sensitivity, and body evaluations. Drawing from self-affirmation theory, we tested whether a social aspect of religiosity (i.e., feeling affirmed from one's religious community) attenuated the relationship between weight-rejection anxiety and body dissatisfaction, controlling for body mass, affect, and church attendance. We also examined gender differences in religiosity, body image, and fat talk in secular and religious circles in a sample of young adults in the USA (187F, 84M; Mage = 18.59, SD = 0.83). As predicted, both men and women reported hearing less fat-talk at church than among friends, and women reported a positive relation between feeling affirmed-from-church and hearing body-acceptance talk at church. The moderation prediction was supported for women. Greater affirmation-from-church weakened the effect of women's weight sensitivity on body satisfaction (but not weight esteem). For men, affirmation-from-church strengthened the effect of their weight sensitivity on body dissatisfaction and low weight esteem. Feeling affirmed from church may facilitate women's body satisfaction despite their weight-sensitivities. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Shame, Love, and Morality

This article offers a new account of the moral substance of shame. Through careful reflection on the motives and intentional structure of shame, I defend the claim that shame is an egocentric and morally blind emotion. I argue that shame is rooted in our desire for social affirmation and constituted by our ability to sense how we appear to others. What makes shame egocentric is that in shame we are essentially concerned about our own social worth and pained by the perception of our self as socially worthless. In itself, shame entails no morally pertinent concern about others or understanding of what is morally significant. I contrast shame with the possibility of relating to others—and to oneself—with love and care. Indeed, I propose that love is essential for moral understanding and motivation. The argument of the article unfolds through critical appraisals of the main strategies for defending the moral value of shame. First, against the claim that shame entails respect for others, I argue that shame's sensitivity to the opinions of others is motivated by egocentric self-concern. Second, against the view that shame over failures to live up to moral values is morally valuable, I argue that regardless of whether the values guiding our shame are moral or not, the perspective of shame is oblivious to their moral meaning. Third, against the claim that shame is crucial for self-understanding, I argue that the desire for affirmation that drives shame is a powerful source of self-deception.

Social position of older immigrants in the Netherlands: where do immigrants perceive themselves on the societal ladder?

Older Turkish and Moroccan immigrants are often ascribed a low social position based on their relatively unfavourable educational level, occupational status and income. Yet immigrants emigrated to improve their social position and came from contexts where determinants of social position might be based on different socio-cultural circumstances than those used in the country of settlement. In order to understand immigrants’ own perception of their social position, we interviewed 23 60–68 year old immigrants from Turkish and Moroccan origin in the Netherlands. Using a ten rung ladder, participants were asked to position themselves in the societal hierarchy before migration, after settlement and currently. Most participants positioned themselves at a middle or high position on the societal ladder. Circumstances used for positioning were related to socioeconomic indicators, but also to social affirmation, family, social integration, physical, mental health, happiness and complying to religious prescriptions. When these circumstances were deemed favourable, participants tended to position themselves higher. Our findings also show that the circumstances that participants used for positioning themselves varied across the life course. These findings complement the picture of the often low objective low socioeconomic position of older immigrants and show that immigrants’ perception of their subjective social position reflects a broader set of circumstances than just socioeconomic ones.

Гендерные представления девушек, увлекающихся метажанром «Boy’s Love»

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>To describe the relations between liking visual representations of male same-sex romance and gender representations of young female fans of BL. <strong>Background. </strong>Nowadays there is a globally spread interest in manga among teenagers. Manga has a vast diversity of styles, genres, and followers. Nevertheless, some heterosexual girls quite often demonstrate stable interest in the manga sub-genre focusing on homoerotic relationships between young – and frequently androgynous – male characters. This research has addressed an issue whether heterosexual girls’ liking for visual representations of male homosexuality in Boy’s Love (BL) comics relates to their gender representations. <strong>Study design. </strong>The survey among the members of the Internet Social Media Manga Publics included: description of socio-psychological effects of viewing BL pictures, scaling attitudes towards masculinity ideology, exploration of gender role beliefs and description of femininity concepts. Comparison of the data between BL fans and other members of Manga Publics being acquainted with Boys’ Love, but deliberately neglecting it. Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher F test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test are used. <strong>Participants. </strong>Russian sample: 140 female respondents 11-45 years old (M=17,95; SD=4,84). Main group consists of 90 respondents 11-45 years old (M=18,88; SD=5,22). Control group consists of 50 respondents 12-27 years old (M=16,79; SD=3,10). <strong>Measurements. </strong>Questionnaire of socio-demographic characteristics. Author’s scale of socio-psychological effects of visual representations. Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale by J.H. Pleck, F.L. Sonenstein, L.C. Ku. Gendered Personality Characteristics (I.S. Klyotsina). Masculinity and Femininity Questionnaire by T.A. Bessonova – psycho-semantic version by N.V. Dvoryanchikov for examining individual femininity constructs. <strong>Results. </strong>Girls that fond of homoerotic drawn fictions prefer non-normative gendered traits combinations and give specific interpretation of their femininity. BL followers significantly often describe their femininity with traditionally masculine traits. Gender polarization is weak. Gender identity of female BL fans comply with non-orthogonal conceptualization. They believe that core of gender identity in every human being should consist of gender-neutral characteristics. Male emotionality, represented in homoerotic drawings, arrests attention of all respondents. But BL fans are less likely to perceive men in the light of normative (hegemonic) masculinity. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Straight girls’ enthusiasm for BL is grounded in the possibility of apprehending their gender non-normativity/non-conformity within a fictional realty, and in BL manga meta-genre capability to display adequately significant aspects of new non-normative gender practices and ensure their social affirmation.</p>

Rodni performans u priči putujemo i romanu Tucanje kamena Klemensa Majera

This paper examines gender issues in the Wir reisen short story and in the Im Stein novel by Clemens Meyer. Although these texts cannot be analysed solely within the framework of gender and/or queer discourse and their focus on gender was not the author̕ s goal, I believe that illuminating these issues contributes significantly to understanding Meyer's humanistic narrative foundation of his entire oeuvre. His storytelling recognizes contradictions in human nature and the ambivalence of our identities-a nightmare that he develops into dramatic performances in his texts, while simultaneously deconstructing them. The analysis of gender discourse in the texts attempts to answer the question of whether an individual can create and maintain their own identity by returning to the collective (gender and sex) performance imposed by the so-called reality packaged in normative social roles. Meyer̕ s characters are an integral part of the society, but they do not fit into social norms, while also not knowing how to resist them. This is where their tragedy lies. In the story Wir reisen, the characters who are from the social margins-small-time criminals and former prisoners-find closeness, love and happiness precisely in the deconstruction of the dominant gender performance. In the heroes of the novel Im Stein, contradictory ambitions are also reflected, as they seek to assign meaning to their lives. Those needs that do not serve acquisition of money are shifted from the level of social affirmation to the level of individual fulfilment, both in male and female characters.

ASPECT OF UNIVERSAL VALUES AND THEIR LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

Abstract. The following research focuses on universal value analyses and lingvocultural analysis. It primarily focuses on the innovation, in that the concept of linguistic analysis has been combined with the concept of text. Furthermore, this method raises the work's theoretical level. These values therefore have an impact on how citizens are motivated to act as citizens and how their acts as global citizens are validated. Values serve as social action regulators. According to some researchers, education tends to lead to emancipation. "Universal value" refers to uncritically copying the value system of another country, supporting so-called "western" "freedom, democracy, equality, and human rights," among other ideals, while ignoring the originality and specificity of their own growth. It promotes itself as the universal ideals of human society, then goes on to criticize China's contemporary political structure. It is directly intended at promoting a political discourse and system with a strong stamp of western institutions, which is wrapped in academic language and transmitted through academic discourse. Universal values are supra-individual regulators of activity in society. Their image is a composite representation of certain values, which are reflected in the scientific public consciousness and the public consciousness of ordinary speakers of the national language and culture. Being a powerful personal resource, values also act as a basis linking the individual and society. Values perform a socializing function, because they are reproduced in the cultural structures of society, determine the consciousness of generations. This research is based on the idea that the real reality perceived by a person in the process of objective activity is reflected in the consciousness of an individual in the form of temporal, spatial and causal connections of phenomena and objects. In this regard, the model of linguistic consciousness can be represented by a certain set of associations, with the help of which a carrier of a certain culture acquires an idea of a fragment of the image of the world. Introduction. Both inside schooling and throughout society, education promotes, amplifies, and transmits values. Individuals will operate within society as a result of their values motivating them to take acts that they consider worthwhile. Individuals' actions may be influenced by society's emphasis on values, which may be influenced by social pressure to comply or social affirmation of good ideals. Research methods. The translation of values, the meaning of valus, the essence of the concept, the excessive length, complex phrases are inconvenient, with an excessive number of English values. Results and discussions. It is very important for a lingvoculture to work with a specialist in the field from the beginning to the end of the translation development process. There are good reasons for this. Bilingual dictionaries are more practical than textual content. For dictionaries of practical translation, the functional value of the term is important, that is, the user must be able to use the dictionary in order to understand a certain value in the correct context, understand it from a communicative point of view and understand it herself. Conclusion. In terms of idea, language and its intended use are extremely crucial to examine in the context of mass media. For the time being, any of us must be active in the process of communication.

Social norms shape wild bird hunting: A case study from southwest China

Traditional assumptions that wildlife hunting and consumption vary according to local economic development underlie most efforts to engage tropical forest communities in wildlife conservation, but these assumptions are insufficient for explaining many examples of non-economic and non-subsistence hunting around the world. Thus, there is a recognized need for conservation scientists/practitioners to understand the social and cultural factors governing wildlife hunting and consumption. We contribute to filling a gap in understanding how local culture and, specifically, social norms influence wildlife use and in what ways they could augment economic development models for explaining behavior. We studied illegal wild bird hunting among five villages of Indigenous Dai rubber farmers near Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in southwest China, a tropical biodiversity hotspot experiencing defaunation and persistent hunting pressure. Our analyses relied on interviews with nine key informants, four months of ethnographic observation, 120 anonymous self-administered questionnaires and 176 in-person structured surveys. We found that monetary income and nutritional subsistence could not explain most wild bird hunting and consumption. Instead, bird hunting was primarily predicted by cultural preferences for recreation and the desire to consume wild bird meat, and wild bird meat consumption was primarily predicted by cultural preferences for its taste. Social norms were central to the persistence of wild bird hunting; significantly predicting wild bird hunting, rewarding skilled hunters with social affirmation, discouraging cooperation with law enforcement, and discouraging efforts to reduce bird consumption. Cultural factors such as folk stories, village history, and ethnic identity undergird positive attitudes toward hunting. Our findings suggest that through its manifestation in social norms, local culture can influence wildlife hunting and consumption in ways unexplained by rational economic maximization. We discuss the implications of social norms for how common behavioral change strategies (i.e. legislation, governance, and community outreach) may or may not alter wildlife hunting and consumption. Importantly, our findings suggest that changing wildlife use necessarily involves cultural and social change, meaning that wildlife conservation practitioners must cautiously consider the cultural and social values associated with wildlife when deciding whether or how to engage communities in wildlife hunting interventions. • Bird hunting is motivated by cultural preferences for wild meat and recreation. • Social norms reward hunters and discourage collaboration with law enforcement. • Hunting and eating wild birds are social activities maintained by the status quo. • Economic factors do not fully explain wild bird hunting and consumption. • Wild meat’s local cultural and social values should inform conservation interventions.

National Identity and Organizational Identity in Algeria: Interactions and Influences

This article examines how national identity influences organizational identity. The interactions and influences between these two identity levels have been underexplored in the identity literature. However, given the national and geographical anchoring of businesses, national identity plausibly influences both their behavior and their organizational identity. This article presents a qualitative case study of the organizational identity of four family-run Algerian businesses, leaders in their respective industries. It theorizes a process model explaining the influence of national identity on organizational identity through three identity mechanisms: protection, justification, and adaptation. The findings suggest that organizational identity can be a social affirmation response whereby businesses demarcate their role in a challenging institutional context. This work opens new research avenues in this field by highlighting the interactions and influences that characterize these two dimensions of identity in a country actively engaged in the identity formation process, which exemplifies a dynamic and complex institutional context.

Crowdworkers, social affirmation and work identity: Rethinking dominant assumptions of crowdwork

Crowdwork is becoming increasingly popular as evidenced by its rapid growth. It is a new way of working that is conducted through global digital platforms where money is exchanged for services provided online. As it is digitally grounded, it has been assumed to be context-free, uniform and consisting of a simple exchange of tasks/labour from a global workforce for direct monetary pay. In this study, we examine these dominant, largely Western assumptions from crowdworkers' perspective and turn to a non-Western context to destabilise them. We adopt an inductive research approach using multiple sources of qualitative data including interviews, participant observations, documents review, observation of social media chat rooms and online forums. The study reveals that as they lack organisational, occupational and professional context and referent, crowdworkers rely on social affirmation in the construction of their work identity. They construct a work identity of who they are that cuts across the boundaries between themselves, the digital work they do and their social environment. This constructed work identity then frames how they do crowdwork and their relationships with digital platforms and employers. This study advances theories about crowdwork contesting the dominant assumptions and showing that it is not context free, neither it is a simple exchange of labour. Further, it shows that the construction of a crowdwork identity in context plays a significant role in shaping the way this digitally-grounded work is conducted and managed.

AEPRD: An Enhanced Algorithm for Predicting Results of Orthodontic Operations

The face is the most critical component which is clear on first sight for an individual. Delicate tissue of the face alongside the fundamental dentoskeletal tissues portrays the facial attributes of a person. Social affirmation, mental well-being, and self-esteem of an individual are related to physical appearance. Strikingly, facial properties are regularly packed in profile. Orthodontic assurance and treatment orchestrating are continuously being established on profiles rather than basically on Angle's concept of molar relationship. It was seen that particular skeletal exact guidelines, proportion of constitution of the delicate tissue, and facial solid position can affect the assessment of the profile. One of the uncommon challenges in orthodontics is the treatment orchestrating and the leading body of orthognathic careful cases. These cases require a mix of both orthodontics and orthognathic medical procedure to accomplish an even impediment, appropriate function, and agreeable facial feel. Early analyze of malocclusion is exceptionally helpful to get legitimate teeth straight. Thusly, in this paper we built up a straightforward PC supported program that could help foreseeing teeth impediment. In other word, we take an image of individual and order it into one of the three primary types Class I, Class II, and Class III and predict the after all treatments of Class II and Class III. This study gives information which can be used in treatment orchestrating by authorities, for instance, orthodontists, prosthodontists, plastic specialists, and maxillofacial experts, who have the ability to change the delicate tissue facial highlights.

The Bioethical Dilemma of Gender-Affirming Therapy in Children and Adolescents.

This article examines GAT, the paradigm used in treating individuals identifying as transgender, through the lens of an EDMF. Each stage of this widely proposed treatment - social affirmation, pubertal blockade, administration of cross-sex hormones, and sex reassignment surgery - poses harms and risks that are not fully disclosed to minors and families, creating a bioethical dilemma. Dialogue utilizing science and reasoning must be encouraged to assist individuals who experience a gender identity that rejects their biological sex. This approach would also contribute to the well-being of society.