Soap Washing Research Articles

Pendampingan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat melalui Gerakan Toilet Sekolah Ramah Anak di SD Muhammadiyah Balayuda Palembang

Healthy schools are something that is very necessary in creating a healthy and strong generation, one of which is toilet conditions. Adequate toilets, both in terms of number, appearance and facilities, have a significant impact on students' psychology. The aim of this community service is to increase school students' knowledge of using toilets and create child-friendly toilets. The implementation method is carried out by counseling using poster media and evaluation to determine the success of education for school children. At the end of the activity, the service team provided equipment for the school toilet, namely trash boxes with lids, hand washing soap, toilet tissue and slippers. The results of the activity were carried out on November 18 2023 in the Muhammadiyah Balayudha High School building in Palembang, attended by 20 grade 11 students. The material presented outlined 10 indicators of healthy toilets in terms of number, appearance and facilities including clean, bright, available tissue and soap, fragrant, dry, available running water, not slippery, available trash box, larva-free water tank. Participants were enthusiastic about taking part in this activity because each class in their school was equipped with toilet facilities. The conclusion of this activity is good information and input for the school in maintaining student health, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects of toilet cleanliness and comfort.

The level of implementation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices among the public basic schools in Ghana

ABSTRACT Water, sanitation and hygiene practices (WASH) have been a major challenge facing many basic schools in Ghana for many decades. The school authority have made a number of complaints to the Ghana government through the Ministry of Education in relation to the inadequate potable water, sanitation facilities and hygiene practices in basic schools which the government has remained silent on. The aim of this study was to assess the level of implementation of Water, sanitation and hygiene practices in basic schools in the Sunyani East Education Directorate. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The results indicate that hygiene and sanitation facilities available in schools under study included urinals, toilets, handwashing materials and solid waste disposal facilities. It was revealed that wooden slap pit latrine toilet was present in all schools except Methodist school which has cemented slaps. There were absence of toilet rolls, tap facilities and hand washing soap in all schools visited. The pupils fetched water from neighbouring houses and used it. The study recommends that the Parent-Teacher Association, School Management Committee, District Education Directorate and Ghana Education Service should team up to provide these essential facilities to basic schools in Sunyani East.

Total Plate Count of Germs on Pear Surface Swabs During Washing with Fruit Washing Soap

The surface of the fruit is the first contamination of microorganisms on fruit with varying types and amounts. As many as 20% of cases of food poisoning caused by Salmonella typhi were recorded as a result of the consumption of fresh ready-to-eat products such as fruits. Washing the fruits that will be consumed is a good step, so a fruit washing soap product is used that can clean the fruits from these bacteria. Nonionic surfactants are cleaning agents found in fruit washing soaps that can remove bacteria on surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the total plate number of germs on the surface of pears when washing with fruit washing soap. The research method used in this research is descriptive method. The population is 50 soaps taken from 5 shops in the Harapan Baru market in Samarinda with different soap brands. The sample taken is 10% of the total population, namely 5 soaps. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The study was carried out in July 2022. The method of examination used the examination of the TPC (Total Plate Count) with the pour plate method using PCA (Plate Count Agar) media. The data analysis used is univariate analysis which aims to explain the characteristics of each research variable by looking at the frequency distribution. The results showed that the number of bacteria before washing with fruit washing soap ranged from 4.4 x 100 CFU/cm2 to 1.4 x 101 CFU/cm2. Meanwhile, the number of bacteria after washing with fruit washing soap ranged from 0.4 x 100 CFU/cm2 to 3.4 x 100 CFU/cm2. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in the number of total bacterial plate count on the surface of pears when washing with fruit washing soap.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pondok Pesantren (Santriwati) dalam Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Pakaian Berbahan Dasar Minyak Jelantah

Waste cooking oil/used cooking oil which is blackish brown is residue from the frying process that still contains fatty acids which have the potential to be used to make soap. At the Al Ihsan Puteri Islamic boarding school, Banjarmasin used cooking oil waste has not been managed well. This activity aims to educate the Islamic boarding school community (santriwati) and boarding school administrators about making washing soap from used cooking oil as a solution so that used cooking oil can be reused in other forms. Participants in the activity were 15 female students at the Al Ihsan Puteri Banjarmasin Islamic Boarding School. This activity consists of discussion (counseling) and direct practice. The chemistry knowledge education material explains the impact of used cooking oil on the body, while the soap-making training material explains the cold saponification method through demonstrations. The service results show that almost 100% of the students who initially did not know how to reuse used cooking oil in soap, now know how to reuse used cooking oil. Students also increase their knowledge and skills in reacting with materials in the saponification process.

Inovasi Bersih: Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Tangan Ekstrak Sereh Wangi (Citronella) Bersama Karang Taruna IKRIMA Gondangrejo Karanganyar

Karang Taruna (IKRIMA) plays an active role in increasing productivity by participating in a training program for making natural antiseptic hand washing soap made from citronella. The choice of citronella as the main ingredient is based on its high economic value and natural properties. Additionally, citronella can inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making it an ideal choice for hand hygiene products. IKRIMA members have taken part in a series of comprehensive training regarding the manufacture of antiseptic hand washing soap. This activity includes product manufacturing and packaging practices. IKRIMA can produce hand washing soap that meets the desired quality standards, both in terms of antiseptic effectiveness as well as safety and comfort for users. Making antiseptic hand washing soap is one of the positive activities that encourages IKRIMA members to continue learning and developing. Apart from improving skills and knowledge, this activity also provides economic benefits for them and the surrounding community through the sale of the products produced.

Antioxidant Activity in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Products in The Form of Formulations and Preparations of Telang Flower Kombucha Hand Soap (Clitoria ternatea L)

Free radicals need to be handled and even prevented so that they are not exposed to the skin, especially the hands. One solution to preventing the exposure of free radicals to the skin of the hands is to wash your hands with herbal soap which is made from the active ingredient of telang flower kombucha. Telang flower kombucha was designed as an active ingredient in the formulation and hand washing soap preparation in this research has been proven as a pharmaceutical biotechnology product in warding off free radicals. This research was designed by making a formulation and preparation of telang flower kombucha hand washing soap at concentrations of 20%, 30% and 40% then measuring it using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Based on statistical analysis, especially post hoc analysis of pharmaceutical biotechnology products in the form of formulations and preparations of telang flower kombucha hand washing soap at a concentration of 40%, it is significantly different from 20% and 30% as a source of antioxidants.

The dyeing properties of alginate/lyocell blended fabric with reactive dyes

The difficulties in dyeing have significantly limited the application of alginate fibers in the field of textile industry. This study aimed to provide a dyeing method suitable for alginate fibers with reactive dyes. The results showed that alginate fibers could be successfully dyed with Reactive Red 195, Reactive Blue 19, and Reactive Yellow 145. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and fiber strength were investigated and found that dyed alginate fibers can keep their original structure and physical properties well. Colorfastness was also evaluated, which proved that dyed alginate fibers could maintain their color after soap washing, rubbing, and solarization to some extent. In order to further explore the applicability of the dyeing method, alginate fibers and lyocell were blended at 20/80 ratio to make yarns, knitted into weft plain fabrics, and carried out in the same way. The leveling property of dyed blended fabrics was good, for there was almost no color difference in naked eye observation. The washing and light fastness of blended fabrics were excellent, up to 4–5, while the rubbing fastness was slightly poor due to the fibrination of lyocell possibly. The weight loss rate of alginate fibers was less than 5%, which once again confirmed the dyeing method has less damage to alginate fibers. In addition, tensile strength of dyed blended fabrics was improved. This study can provide a new reference for alginate fiber dyeing.

The Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium Polyanthum) Extract Hand Washing Liquid Soap Preparation on The Growth of Escherichia Coli Bacteria in Vitro

Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) is known as a complement to cooking spices, also used by the community for treatment. The content of antibacterial compounds from bay leaves such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins which can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to determine the effect of hand washing liquid soap with bay leaf extract on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. This study uses a Quasi Experiment research design. The population in this study is located on Jalan Atot Ahmad, West Pontianak District. The sample used was liquid hand washing soap with bay leaf extract at a concentration of 3, 6, and 9%, 9 repetitions with a total of 27 samples, using the disc diffusion method. The results of the antibacterial study showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone at 3% concentration was 8.27 mm, 6% concentration was 10.55 mm and 9% concentration was 11.16. The results of the Linear Regression test using the Anova test obtained pvalue = 0.000, which is pvalue < α, with α = 0.05, so that it was stated that H1 was accepted so that there was an effect on the preparation of liquid hand washing soap (Syzygium polyanthum) extract on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria in vitro.

SOSIALISASI PEMBUATAN DETERJEN CAIR DI LINGKUNGAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI SUMBER REZEKI KOTA BINJAI

Empowering housewives as members of society and still being classified as productive workers is very important, aimed at increasing awareness and independence in business, as well as expanding employment opportunities to increase family income in an effort to achieve a happy and prosperous family. In this regard, this can be done through various alternative activities, including training in making liquid detergent. Soap is a commodity that cannot be separated from household needs. It can be said that part of the routine expenses for housewives each month is allocated to purchasing washing soap. The methods used in this community service activity are socialization, discussion and practice or demonstration regarding raw materials, work procedures and calculation of production costs for making liquid detergent. The training participants are members of the Sumber Rezeki Cooperative in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village with a total of 20 training participants. This activity was carried out in Sumber Mulyo Rejo Village, Binjai City on February 24 2024. The evaluation plan for service activities is that the target number of training participants is achieved, the training objectives are achieved well, the planned material targets are achieved and the participants are able to understand the training material. The result of this training activity in making liquid detergent is that members of the Sumber Rezeki cooperative in Binjai city have knowledge of making liquid detergent and provide innovation to improve the economy.

Path modeling of socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental attributes of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa

The 2014 Ebola outbreak stands as one of the most severe outbreaks of the virus, resulting in approximately 15,227 confirmed cases and 11,310 deaths. Despite substantial research conducted on the biological and epidemiological features of the virus, limited attention has been given to how an individual’s health behavior contributes to its spread. This study aimed to identify socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors associated with Ebola infection. Guided by the Socioecological Model of Health, a correlational analysis was conducted using data from three English-speaking West African countries with the highest Ebola caseloads and fatalities: Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Each country’s Ministry of Health compiled daily reports on Ebola infections, including confirmed cases and deaths within each district. Possible health behavior determinants were gathered from surveys conducted by each country with the assistance of credible international agencies. Path analysis was then conducted to identify the size and direction of direct and indirect effects associated with an Ebola infection. The results revealed that female unemployment men with some secondary education, availability of hand washing soap, female literacy, and total health expenditure significantly predict initial confirmed cases with an R2 of 0.41. Along with the predictors of initial confirmed cases, the main source of drinking water accounted for 59% (R2) of the variance in the latest confirmed deaths. Officials in high-prevalence countries are suggested to address the availability of soap for hand washing, male secondary education proportion, female literacy and unemployment, health expenditure, and main sources of drinking water to reduce the transmission of the Ebola virus.

Pemberdayaan Pengolahan Limbah Rumah Tangga Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Dari Minyak Jelantah Pada Warga Desa Brambang Kabupaten Demak

Household waste is the largest contributor to waste in the community. Training on making used cooking oil soap is a method taken for this community service activity. The main objective of this training activity is so that people can utilize used cooking oil waste into items that can be used again. The methods used in this training activity are lectures and small group discussions. Making soap from waste is actually very easy, namely by mixing NaOH, used cooking oil and fragrance. The mixture of ingredients is then stirred for about 15-20 minutes and then left for about two weeks until it completely hardens. Used cooking oil soap can be used as hand washing soap and dish washing soap. Extension activities give a different impression to the people who take part in these activities. Based on participant interviews, the mothers felt happy because they could use used cooking oil waste to make soap. It can be concluded that this soap making training is beneficial for the local community, especially housewive.

Factors affecting hand hygiene practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Zimbabwean population: a qualitative study

BackgroundPracticing hand hygiene is recommended as one of the key preventive measures for reducing the transmission of COVID-19 and other infectious agents. However, it is often not practiced frequently enough or correctly by the public. We aimed to identify barriers to and facilitators of hand hygiene in the Zimbabwean population during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted with a purposive sample of health workers, village health workers, church leaders, traditional healers, teachers, youth leaders and the general population selected from ten districts across the country from September to October 2022. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 key informant interviews per site. In addition, one homogenous focus group discussion was also conducted per site using a focus group discussion guide. The data were recorded on audiotapes, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English. All the analyses were performed manually using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo themes were identified as facilitators of hand hygiene. These include individual factors (knowledge of hand hygiene practices and how they are performed) and access-related factors (access to hand washing infrastructure, soap, and sanitizers). Among the barriers to hand hygiene, four themes were identified: individual factors (knowledge gaps in proper hand washing, lack of conviction about hand hygiene, and habitual behaviour), access-related factors (lack of access to hand washing infrastructure, soap, and sanitizers), safety concerns (concern about the side effects of sanitizers), and sociocultural and religious factors (social customs, cultural beliefs, values, and religious practices).ConclusionDuring public health emergencies, there is a need for people to access uninterrupted, on-premises water supplies to promote compliance with hand hygiene. The provision of clean water and hand washing facilities is critical for vulnerable communities to afford them the opportunity to improve quality of life and facilitate resilience in the event of future pandemics. Community engagement is important for identifying vulnerability factors to provide appropriate mitigatory measures.

The Effectiveness of The Handwashing Program with Soap (CTPS) In Preventing E. Coli Contamination on Elementary School Student, West Martapura South Kalimantan

Martapura river had been discovered of indicators of microbial contamination of drinking water, namely total coliform and E coli which are harmful to health. CTPS program for elementary schools in West Martapura sub-district has been going for long time to prevent disease. Tihis study aimed to know the difference in the effectiveness of using Martapura river water for CTPS in elementary school children in Martapura Barat District to preventing E. Coli contamination. The research method used the true experiment method with a posttest only control group design research design. The research group named group (P1) CTPS using processed Martapura river water, group with hand washing soap (P2) CTPS using Martapura river water without being processed and group (K) CTPS with PDAM water . The research subjects were18 elementary student selected by simple random sampling technique. The object study was the observation of the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria which were found from the hand swabs of elementary school children in West Martapura sub-district whose schools had treated water facilities and did not have treated water facilities. Also taking palm swabs for the research subjects, a quality test for PDAM water, Martapura river water and processed river water at the three elementary schools was carried out and examined at the Banjarbaru BBTKL-PPB Laboratory. The results showed that for CTPS water samples from PDAM water sources only counted 1 CFU E coli/100 ml, while CTPS water from the Martapura River and PAMSIMAS the number of E. coli colonies was > 200 CFU/100 ml. For all samples of palm swabs from the elementary school students, all results were negative for E. Coli CFU / cm2. The conclusion is that there is no difference in the effectiveness of using Martapura River water, both treated and untreated, in the CTPS program in reducing E.Coli numbers.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring Berbasis Eco-Enzyme Sebagai Upaya Menumbuhkan Jiwa Wirausaha Siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember

One of the big problems facing Indonesia is unemployment and waste management. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) recorded February 2023 data that there were still 7.99 million unemployed in Indonesia. In terms of education, the highest unemployment rate (TPT) is experienced by high school (SMA) and vocational high school (SMK) graduates. One of the efforts to reduce the high number of unemployed, Senior High Schools (SMA) are expected to play an active role in producing graduates who can create jobs. The waste problem in Indonesia is also a problem that has not been resolved to date. Indonesia is estimated to produce 187.2 million tons of waste every year, with 60% coming from organic waste. One solution for handling organic waste is the application of Eco-enzyme. The aim of this activity is to provide training in making Eco-Enzyme based dish washing soap as an effort to foster the entrepreneurial spirit of students at SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember. This activity was carried out in the form of direct outreach and training to 75 students. Based on the results of observations of these activities, SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember has never implemented making dishwashing soap from organic waste. This can be seen from the pre-test with the results that only 21% of students had a good level of knowledge about Eco-Enzyme. Furthermore, the post-test results after carrying out this training, those with good knowledge levels increased to 92%. The pretest and posttest results show that on average the training participants experienced an increase in knowledge and understanding about the Eco-Enzyme-based Dish Soap Making Training, so it is hoped that it can motivate students' entrepreneurial interest by thinking creatively and innovatively.

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Deterjen Sabun Pencuci Piring Ramah Lingkungan

Community participation in developing the regional economy is needed. However, with the current condition, people are confused about where to start their business and what kind. Through community service lecturers on training in making dishwashing detergents, it is hoped that this can reduce the burden on the community. Dish washing soap is one of the household necessities which functions as a remover of dirt and grease on eating and cooking utensils. The continuous consumption of dish soap every day causes the need to procure soap at a cost that is not small, especially for women in RT 2 RW 4 Kelurahan Koto Lua Sub-district Pauh Padang. The purpose of carrying out this community service is to provide knowledge and training to mothers about making liquid dish soap in order to reduce community expenditure on purchasing soap as well as to create new business opportunities. In the service activity, the raw materials, work procedures and production costs for making dish soap will be explained. From the activities carried out, partners can produce product output in the form of liquid dish soap according to the method given in the training. The results obtained by training participants were able to recognize ingredients and be able to make dishwashing detergent and increase the skills of mothers in making dishwashing detergent.

Pengaruh Jenis Mordan Dan Lama Waktu Pencelupan Terhadap Kualitas Warna Kain Batik Dengan Pewarnaan Alam Kulit Bawang Merah Menggunakan Proses Post-Mordanting

Red onion skin is one of the wastes that can be used as a natural dye because it contains anthocyanins which are one of the natural color pigments. The availability of red onion skin waste is very abundant, especially from household waste and industrial waste which has not been optimally utilized. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fixation type with different dyeing times on the color quality of batik fabric. This research method is an experiment by varying the fabric treatment in the pre-mordanting process, time variations of 30 and 60 minutes, and fixation variations, namely alum, arbor, and quicklime. The results of the study obtained that red onion skin extract is very good as a natural dye for dyeing batik fabric, the value of the color fastness test at 40 ℃ soap washing and cloth rubbing (wet) shows good quality with an average value of 4 and 4 - 5. The value of the L *, a *, b * color difference test and the results of visual observations on the pantone color produce an orange-red color that contains dominant color elements towards reddish and yellowish.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Efektivitas Dan Peluang Usaha Bagi Ibu Rumah Tangga Di Desa Pandau Jaya

This community service was carried out in Pandau Jaya Village, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. This activity was held on Sunday 24 September 2023 with the theme Training on Making Dish Soap as an Effort to Increase Effectiveness and Business Opportunities for Housewives. Dish washing soap is a product that is really needed in the household to keep kitchen equipment clean. The need for dishwashing soap causes people to have to allocate a large amount of money every month to shop for dishwashing soap. The aim of carrying out this service activity is to provide training and direction on making dishwashing soap in order to reduce community expenditure on purchasing dishwashing soap as well as to create business opportunities for housewives. The method of implementing this service is carried out in two ways, namely the lecture method and practice. It is hoped that the results of this community service activity will increase the understanding and ability of Pandau Jaya village housewives to make dishwashing soap so that it is useful and has an impact on the family economy.

PEMBUATAN SABUN CUCI TANGAN CAIR BERBASIS BERBAGAI MERK MINYAK ZAITUN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MINYAK ATSIRI SEREH WANGI (CYMBOPOGON WINTERIANUS JOWITT)

Soap is a product that functions as a cleaner and wash. Hand washing soap in the form of a solution (liquid) is preferred because it looks more attractive and is more practical. Liquid Soap Liquid soap is made through a saponification process using oil and using alkali (KOH). Olive oil contains α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and β-carotene which function as antioxidants. The use of essential oils is good in making perfume, cosmetics, medicines, soap and fragrances, essential oils function as a fixative. The essential oils used are generally patchouli oil, citronella oil, vetiver oil and sandalwood oil. This research aims to make liquid hand washing soap based on various brands of olive oil with the addition of citronella essential oil. The liquid hand washing soap produced is in accordance with SNI, where olive oil-based liquid hand washing soap with brands "B" and "C" has a normal pH, namely 7.03 and 6.98, while brand "A" has a slightly acidic pH, namely 6.01 and brand “D” has a slightly alkaline pH, namely 7.95. The specific gravity produced by brand "A" is 1,027 g/ml, brands "B", "C" and "D" are 1,024 g/ml, 1,096 g/ml and 1,099 g/ml. The liquid hand washing soap based on olive oil with the addition of citronella essential oil produced does not contain microbes with the clean power of brand "B" being higher at 191 FTU turbidity compared to brand "A" at 173 FTU turbidity, brand "C" at 166 FTU turbidity and the “D” brand only has 122 FTU turbidity.

Effect of Detergent on Biochemical Profile of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)

As we know that, the washing soaps and detergent powders are important one to the human for washing cloths and other items of houses. It indirectly mixed with aquatic environment and create problem to aquatic organism. Hence, the study was carried out the biochemical analysis of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in different concentrations of detergent powder in different hours. The sub lethal dose of detergent against the fish was 6ml for 24 hrs. The Chi-Squire test revealed that the significant difference was observed statistically (X2= 146.244, P=0.000, Df 16). Vast behavioral changes were recorded against the detergent exposure. One way analysis of variance showed a significant different among the total carbohydrate content of various experimental group fishes (F=35.365; P=0.00). The SNK test revealed that the total carbohydrate content fish was significantly differed (P<0.05). For total lipid content the one way analysis revealed that the lethal concentration and median lethal concentration were highly influenced (F=11.150; P=0.01). For total protein content that the one way analysis observed that the lethal concentration and median lethal concentration were highly influenced (F=45.124; P=0.00).

Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring Bagi Suku Sakai di Desa Libo Jaya Siak Riau

Using the activity "training in making liquid dishwashing soap for women from the Sakai tribe in Libo Jaya Village, Kandis Siak, Riau with the aim of being able to use it themselves or sell it to support the family economy by making the best use of their free time filled with activities that are useful and have economic value" as part of the community service (PKM) program. The ladies of the Sakai tribe were the target of Community Service Activities (PKM) on July 26, 2023, pertaining to "Dish Washing Soap Making". The purpose of organizing this PKM is to encourage Sakai tribal women, disseminate information on the production of liquid dishwashing soap, and discuss ways to raise the economic standing of the family