Smoking Cessation Rate In Patients Research Articles

Smoking cessation among tuberculosis patients during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.

Smoking has been recognized as a significant risk factor for COVID-19 and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended smoking cessation to reduce the impact of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the smoking cessation rate of patients starting tuberculosis (TB) treatment at six months using motivational interviewing based on the WHO "five steps to quit" model. In addition, we assessed the knowledge about smoking and the barriers to smoking cessation. We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Outpatients aged >18 years, smokers, and those who are starting TB treatment in two outpatient TB clinics were invited to participate. Patients received information about the importance of smoking cessation, especially in TB patients, and standardized advice based on guidelines. This information was repeated during phone calls during the second and fourth months of treatment. During the study period, 111 patients were included. The primary outcome was the smoking cessation rate at the end of the sixth month of treatment, which was 26.8% (19/71). The barriers to smoking cessation described by the patients were anxiety/depression (47.4%), seeing someone smoking (38.5%), drug use (19.2%), and alcohol abuse (2.6%). The assessment of knowledge about smoking showed that patients had some information gaps. In conclusion, TB smokers who tried to quit smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic faced many challenges. Despite this, we demonstrated a reasonable smoking cessation rate with a nurse-conducted motivational interview.

Smoking cessation in European patients with coronary heart disease. Results from the EUROASPIRE IV survey: A registry from the European Society of Cardiology

ObjectiveWe investigated smoking cessation rates in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients throughout Europe; current and as compared to earlier EUROASPIRE surveys, and we studied characteristics of successful quitters. MethodsAnalyses were done on 7998 patients from the EUROASPIRE-IV survey admitted for myocardial infarction, unstable angina and coronary revascularisation. Self-reported smoking status was validated by measuring carbon monoxide in exhaled air. ResultsThirty-one percent of the patients reported being a smoker in the month preceding hospital admission for the recruiting event, varying from 15% in centres from Finland to 57% from centres in Cyprus. Smoking rates at the interview were also highly variable, ranging from 7% to 28%.The proportion of successful quitters was relatively low in centres with a low number of pre- event smokers.Overall, successful smoking cessation was associated with increasing age (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.09–2.06) and higher levels of education (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.08–1.75).Successful quitters more frequently reported that they had been advised (56% vs. 47%, p < .001) and to attend (81% vs. 75%, p < .01) a cardiac rehabilitation programme. ConclusionOur study shows wide variation in cessation rates in a large contemporary European survey of CHD patients. Therefore, smoking cessation rates in patients with a CHD event should be interpreted in the light of pre-event smoking prevalence, and caution is needed when comparing cessation rates across Europe.Furthermore, we found that successful quitters reported more actions to make healthy lifestyle changes, including participating in a cardiac rehabilitation programme, as compared with persistent smokers.

Smoking Cessation After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Relation to Depression and Personality Factors.

Smoking is an important cardiovascular risk factor and smoking cessation should be a primary target in secondary prevention after a myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this study was to examine whether personality, coping and depression were related to smoking cessation after an MI. MI patients ≤70 years (n = 323, 73 % men, 58.7 ± 8.3 years), participating in the Secondary Prevention and Compliance following Acute Myocardial Infarction study in Malmö, Sweden, between 2002 and 2005, were interviewed by a psychologist to assess coping strategies and completed Beck Depression and NEO Personality Inventories, in close proximity to the acute event. Correlation between smoking status (current, former and never), personality factors, coping and depression was assessed at baseline and 24 months after the MI using logistic regression and in a multivariate analysis, adjusting for age and sex. Of the participating patients, 46 % were current smokers. Two years after the event, 44 % of these were still smoking. At baseline, current smokers scored higher on the depression and neuroticism scales and had lower agreeableness scores. Patients who continued to smoke after 2 years had higher scores on being confrontational (i.e. confrontative coping style) compared to those who had managed to quit. Patients who continued to smoke had significantly lower agreeableness and were more often living alone. Personality, coping strategies and psychosocial circumstances are associated with smoking cessation rates in patients with MI. Considering personality factors and coping strategies to better individualise smoking cessation programs in MI patients might be of importance.

Supporting smoking cessation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with behavioral intervention: a randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundCigarette smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But a fewer smoking cessation measures were conducted in communities for smokers with COPD in China. The aim of our study was to assess the preventive effects of behavioral interventions for smoking cessation and potential impact factors in smokers with COPD in China.MethodsIn a randomised controlled smoking cessation trial 3562 patients with COPD who were current smoker were allocated to intervention group received behavioral intervention and control group received the usual care for two years. The primary efficacy endpoint was the complete and continuous abstinence from smoking from the beginning of month 24 to the end of month 30. Participants were followed up at month 48.ResultsContinuous smoking abstinence rates from month 24 to 30 were significantly higher in participants receiving behavioral intervention than in those receiving usual care (46.4% vs 3.4%, p < 0.001). Continuous abstinence rates from months 24 to 36 (45.8% vs 4.0%) and months 24 to 48 (44.3% vs 5.1%) were also higher in participants receiving behavioral intervention than in those control group. Family members or family physicians/nurses smoking were first identified to influence smoking cessation.ConclusionsBehavioral intervention doubled the smoking cessation rate in patients with COPD and was complied well by the general practitioners. The family members and family physicians/nurses smoking were the main risk factors for smoking cessation.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trials Registration (ChiCTR-TRC-12001958).

A 5-year follow up study on smoking and current smoking cessation status in patients with acute myocardial infarction from a hospital in Xicheng district, Beijing

To explore the smoking and smoking cessation status in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 456 hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction in Xicheng district were recorded in CCU ward between October 2003 and October 2008. Personal data and smoking status were collected. The smoking cessation status after discharge was investigated by telephone. (1) Patients who smoked were still male-dominated (96.3%). The average smoking rate in male patients was 55.9%, and even as high as 87.5% in patients at 29 - 50 years of age. (2) The average age in patients who smoked and with acute myocardial infarction was 58.0 ± 12.3 years old, 16 years advanced the age compared to the groups who never smoked or after stopped smoking. (3) The successful smoking cessation rate in patients with acute myocardial infarction after discharge was 42.5%, and 29 - 50 years old group having the highest rate of successful cessation, while the lowest rate seen in 51 - 65 years old group. (4) The failure rate of smoking cessation was 40.9% with the main reasons as: radical habit on smoking, withdrawal symptoms, stress in work and peer influence etc. The 51 - 65 year-old group was mainly suffered from habitual factors and withdrawal symptoms. The smoking rate and smoking cessation failure rate in adult patients with acute myocardial infarction in Xicheng district in Beijing remained high. The onset age of acute myocardial infarction was significantly in advance among patients who smoked. To actively advocate on smoking cessation was still vital for reducing the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction and to improve the prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction.

Randomised controlled trial of smoking cessation intervention after admission for coronary heart disease

abstractObjective To determine whether a nurse led smoking cessation intervention affects smoking cessation rates in patients admitted for coronary heart disease.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Cardiac ward of a general hospital,...

Evaluation of a nurse-delivered smoking cessation intervention for hospitalized patients with cardiac disease

Objective: To determine the effect of a nurse-delivered smoking cessation intervention for hospitalized smokers on smoking cessation rates and smoking cessation self-efficacy at 6 months after enrollment. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used; specifically, a nonequivalent control group design was implemented. Setting: A 450-bed major teaching and research tertiary care hospital, serving patients from across the province of British Columbia, Canada. Subjects: Smokers with a cardiac diagnosis (n = 102) who were admitted to 1 of 2 inpatient cardiac units for medical or surgical treatment. Outcome Measures: Self-reported smoking status and self-reported smoking cessation self-efficacy. Intervention: Two structured, in-hospital contacts, followed by 3 months of telephone support. The interventions focused on problem-solving and reinforcing the patient’s self-efficacy. Results: Of the patients enrolled, 86 completed 6-month follow-up questionnaires. When subjects who were lost to follow-up were assumed to be smokers, 46% of the intervention group, compared with 31% of the control group, were nonsmokers. When key variables were controlled, we found that those subjects in the control group were 3 times more likely to relapse and begin smoking than those who received the intervention. There were no significant differences in follow-up smoking cessation self-efficacy scores in the treatment and control groups. When background variables were controlled, self-efficacy related to positive/social situations and habit/addictive situations were noted to be significantly higher in the intervention group. Conclusion: The findings of this research are encouraging; they suggest that a nurse-delivered smoking cessation intervention improved the smoking cessation rate in patients with cardiac disease. (Heart Lung ® 1999;28:55-64)

Cigarette smoking, cardiovascular disease, and stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. American Heart Association Task Force on Risk Reduction.

As many as 30% of all coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths in the United States each year are attributable to cigarette smoking, with the risk being strongly dose-related.1 2 Smoking also nearly doubles the risk of ischemic stroke.3 Smoking acts synergistically with other risk factors, substantially increasing the risk of CHD.4 Smokers are also at increased risk for peripheral vascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and many other chronic diseases. Cigarette smoking is the single most alterable risk factor contributing to premature morbidity and mortality in the United States, accounting for approximately 430 000 deaths annually.5 Numerous prospective investigations have demonstrated a substantial decrease in CHD mortality for former smokers compared with continuing smokers.6 This diminution in risk occurs relatively soon after cessation of smoking, and increasing intervals since the last cigarette smoked are associated with progressively lower mortality rates from CHD.7 Similar rapid decreases in risk with smoking cessation are also seen for ischemic stroke.8 9 Benefits from quitting are seen in former smokers even after many years of heavy smoking.2 Investigations also have demonstrated benefits from cessation for smokers who have already developed smoking-related diseases or symptoms. Persons with diagnosed CHD experience as much as a 50% reduction in risk of reinfarction, sudden cardiac death, and total mortality if they quit smoking after the initial infarction.10 11 Furthermore, the patient who has recently developed a clinical illness is very motivated to change, and several studies have shown that intervention in this “teachable moment” can be very effective. Thus, the provision of smoking cessation advice is associated with a 50% long-term (more than 1 year) smoking cessation rate in patients who have been hospitalized with a coronary event, and even modest telephone-based counseling can increase this percentage to ≥70% in …