Smoking And Health Research Articles

The influence of friends on smoking commencement and cessation in undergraduate nursing students: a survey.

Smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries. Despite the fact that nurses have an important role in health promotion, and are in a good position to see and reflect on the detrimental effects of tobacco smoking, research has shown that the rate of smoking among nurses is similar to the rest of the population. The objective of this study was to examine the attitudes and experiences of undergraduate nursing students in relation to smoking commencement and cessation. It was part of a larger study that explored students smoking behaviours, knowledge and attitudes. A non-probability sample of 366 undergraduate nursing students from a large Australian school of nursing and midwifery took part in the study. The participants completed the Smoking and Health Promotion instrument. Ethics approval was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Peers and friends were an important influence on the decision to commence smoking. The wish to comply with peer norms was especially prominent in mid-adolescence. Most smokers wanted to cease smoking, and many had tried unsuccessfully to stop on one or more occasions. They conceded that the pleasure they obtained from smoking and the effects of stress acted as barriers to stopping. The participants acknowledged the adverse health effects of smoking and some had already experienced these effects, but neither of these was enough to prompt them to cease. Undergraduate nursing curricula need to place greater emphasis on examining smoking related illnesses, as well as health promotion and role modelling in particular. Health promotion strategies that target peers are needed as an alternative to programmes that use fear or appeals to moral authority to prevent individuals from commencing smoking or encouraging cessation.

H.5. Smoking and health

H.5. Smoking and health

Pušenje i zdravlje

Pušenje i zdravlje

CDC Reorganizing, Office on Smoking and Health Saved

CDC Reorganizing, Office on Smoking and Health Saved

Smoking and health: Concerns for youth towards a smoke free Pacific

Smoking and health: Concerns for youth towards a smoke free Pacific

UC Goes Where Harvard Feared To Tread

UC Goes Where Harvard Feared To Tread

Smoking and Health in the Americas

Smoking and Health in the Americas

Smoking and Health in the Americas.

Smoking and Health in the Americas.

Present and Past Smoking History and Other Predisposing Factors in 100 Lung Cancer Patients

This study assessed the accuracy of obtaining smoking history, relationships between smoking and the histologic subtypes of lung cancer, past and present smoking history, and co-carcinogen history in 100 patients seen between 1982 and 1989. A standard questionnaire filled out by the patients, a data base filled out by the physician, and medical records were abstracted, and detailed information on smoking and co-carcinogen history was obtained. Eleven percent of the patients were nonsmokers and another 41 percent were former smokers who had quit smoking more than one year prior to the diagnosis of lung cancer. Mean ages at onset and cessation of smoking and diagnosis were 17, 59, and 62 years, respectively. The histologic subtypes were as follows: adenocarcinoma, 34; squamous, 18; small cell, 24; adenosquamous, nine; large cell, nine; and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, six. Mean pack-years of cigarette smoking for the subtypes were as follows: squamous, 82; small cell, 78; large cell, 72; adenocarcinoma, 65; adenosquamous, 48; and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 41. The patient and physician questionnaires had comparable data on smoking status in continued smokers and never smokers. Many former smokers filled out the patient questionnaire as a nonsmoker, but on query by the physician admitted to smoking in the past. The physician data set was more accurate in former smokers than questionnaires completed by the patients. Patients with squamous and small cell carcinomas were heavier smokers than patients with adenosquamous and bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. About 50 percent were active smokers until the diagnosis of lung cancer, but only 18 percent of patients continued to smoke after the diagnosis. About 10 percent were never smokers and about 40 percent were former smokers. Most former smokers quit smoking less than five years antecedent to the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Action on Smoking and Health: A New Era Begins; The Extra-Billing Issue: A Tale of Two Surgeons

Action on Smoking and Health: A New Era Begins; The Extra-Billing Issue: A Tale of Two Surgeons

Cigarette smoking and health.

Cigarette smoking is the major preventable cause of increased mortality and premature disability in the United States. Smoking is a proven cause of coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and lung and other cancers. Maternal smoking is associated with low infant birth weight, increased perinatal mortality, and several complications of pregnancy. Passive smoking is associated with increased incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in very young children and may increase the risk of lung cancer in the nonsmoker. Smoking cessation is difficult because of nicotine addiction and psychological and social factors. Physicians and other health professions must be active both in helping people quit smoking and in preventing nonsmokers from starting. We recommend a national effort focused on preventing young people from starting to smoke.

Smoking and health

Smoking and health

Smoking and health

Smoking and health

Action on Smoking and Health

Action on Smoking and Health

Smoking and Health

Smoking and Health

Smoking and health

Smoking and health

Smoking and Health

Smoking and Health

Obesity, smoking and health

Obesity, smoking and health

Smoking and health.

Smoking and health.

Smoking and health

Smoking and health