Smith Model Research Articles

Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidy Policy for Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou, China

Southwest China's weak economic development has been the focus of China's rural revitalization strategy; exploring the impact of implementing an agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy can impetus the economic development of Southwest China. Since its introduction in 2004, the policy of subsidizing the purchase of agricultural machinery has been mainly used to support the purchase of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery. The implementation of this policy has promoted China's socioeconomic development and, until now, has been an indispensable supportive policy in the rural revitalization strategy. As the province with the most poverty-reducing people in the country, Guizhou's achievements cannot be attributed to the conscientious implementation of the central government's decisions and deployments. However, Guizhou's practice of subsidizing the purchase of agricultural machinery also requires improvement. The Smith Model is the theoretical framework for this research. This paper lists the problem Guizhou's agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy needs to fix with stakeholder analysis. It then uses the Smith Model to look into the reasons for the "irrational agricultural machinery structure" gap in Guizhou's application of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy and makes suggestions for how to make things better. This study's main contribution is to enrich existing literature by analyzing Guizhou's policy implication in addressing the problem of insufficient production of agricultural machinery and providing a direction for the future implementation of Guizhou's agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy.

Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Pemberantasan Narkoba dan Rencana Strategi Humas Badan Narkotika Nasional

This study discusses the role of public relations in planning communication strategies to handle news related to drug trafficking. Based on framing analysis from Antara and Detik.com media, it was found that these two media outlets highlighted drug trafficking as a serious threat, with news that focused on law enforcement actions and their social impact. Related to public relations strategy planning, the Ronald D. Smith model is used which includes four phases: formative research, strategy formulation, tactical implementation, and evaluation. The core of this study emphasizes the importance of structured and adaptive public relations strategic planning in dealing with drug trafficking issues, therefore it is necessary to increase cooperation with the media, adequate resource allocation, and the use of technology to reach a wider audience. Thus, it is hoped that drug eradication efforts can run more effectively and efficiently and get full support

Evolution Characteristics of Cultivated Land Protection Policy in China Based on Smith Policy Implementation

(1) Background: In the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and based on the historical evolution of cultivated land protection policy, we used the Smith model to address the problem of policy implementation bias and provide recommendations on how to ensure that cultivated land protection policy does not deviate in the implementation process. (2) Methods: The historical evolution process of China’s cultivated land protection policy was elucidated using literature analysis and the inductive deduction method; moreover, the issues regarding local evolution were investigated. In addition, utilizing the Smith model, which has an important role in policy implementation, the restoration direction of cultivated land protection in China was summarized. (3) Project: China’s cultivated land protection policy has demonstrated success in two stages of its historical development—from the basic stage of pursuing equal quantity and quality to the new stage of the trinity of “quantity–quality–ecology” of cultivated land. However, the trend of cultivated land protection policy development based on the regional division of labor in China still has some problems, i.e., the total quantity of cultivated land is insufficient, the quality is low, and the implementation of the trinity is unclear. These regional divisions depend on solving the balance of China’s grain security, and using the Smith model to solve the problem of policy implementation has become an important measure to resolve the issue of grain security and achieve the goal of cultivated land protection. (4) Conclusions: The Smith model is suitable for the implementation of China’s cultivated land protection policy. By utilizing the Smith model, the policy target group was found to be conducive to contributing to the maturity of and improvement in China’s cultivated land protection policy.

Developing Wordwall Evaluations in Blended Islamic Education Using the Smith and Ragan Model

Islamic religious education plays a crucial role in shaping the character and morality of individuals in the context of formal education. In the growing digital era, the use of blended learning has become popular and raising the need to develop an appropriate learning evaluation. This research aims to develop an evaluation of Islamic learning in the context of blended learning with wordwall media using the Smith and Ragan model. a developmental research design method was used to analyse the learning context, student needs, and learning tasks, in addition the strategy and assessment phases are also crucial stages of this development process. Data were obtained through interviews, observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Research instruments included questionnaires, interview guides, and observation lists, which were then analysed using qualitative and descriptive quantitative approaches. Drawing from the analysis findings, a dynamic and participatory assessment approach was formulated, leveraging the wordwall platform. Additionally, strategies for structuring, executing, and overseeing evaluations were devised to guarantee their efficacy. The results show that the development of this evaluation has the potential to improve the quality of sslamic learning in the digital era by providing a more diverse, effective and engaging learning experience for students. This research makes a significant contribution to the literature on the use of technology in Islamic religious education in blended learning.

Implementasi Kebijakan Parkir Berlangganan di Kabupaten Tuban

Policy is a government activity aimed at providing positive impacts for the wider community. The success of a policy is determined not only by its formulation process but also by its implementation.The implementation of the subscription parking policy in Tuban Regency has shown quite effective results with the involvement of various stakeholders working together with the Tuban Regency Environmental and Transportation Agency, leading to an increase in parking fee revenue. Therefore, this study aims to further examine the implementation of the subscription parking policy in Tuban Regency.The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, analyzing based on Adam Smith's Implementation Model with several research focuses, including idealized policy, target groups, implementing organization, and environmental factors.The results of the study show that the focus on idealized policy has been effective, as evidenced by the interactions initiated by policy formulators such as the Environmental and Transportation Agency, the Regional Revenue Management Unit (UPT PPD), BPKPAD, the police, official parking attendants, and parking service users. The focus on target groups has been effectively achieved by raising public awareness and ensuring the safety and comfort of parking service users. However, the implementing organization was less effective due to insufficient attention to parking service users. The focus on environmental factors, influenced by cultural, social, economic, and political elements, supports the success of the subscription parking policy in Tuban Regency.

Reality Blockage and Promotion Strategy of Education Differentiation Policy in Border Areas - An Analysis based on Smith's Model of Policy Implementation Process

Reality Blockage and Promotion Strategy of Education Differentiation Policy in Border Areas - An Analysis based on Smith's Model of Policy Implementation Process

A phase-splitting approach to describe macroscopically non-equilibrium transport in porous media

Classical macro-scale dispersion equation cannot correctly represent non-local, non-equilibrium effects, and alternatives had to be proposed to overcome these discrepancies. Two-equation models have been widely used and proved useful to incorporate, to some extent, local non-equilibrium effects. More accurate descriptions may be obtained through the introduction of additional complex terms in the one-equation dispersion equation, e.g. spatial and time convolutions. An alternative more practical route rely on the introduction of a N-equations description. For instance, instead of a two-temperature model, transfers in the solid and/or fluid phase maybe represented by several equations, each one defined by some splitting framework. Splitting of the solid phase has been proposed in the past (multi-rate models). Splitting of the flowing phase has a rustic illustration in the case of the Coats and Smith model, i.e., ”flowing” and ”stagnant” fluid equations. In this paper, we explore further the possibilities offered by N-equations splitting of the flowing phase. The N-equations macro-scale model is developed applying an averaging technique to N-pseudo phases obtained by splitting the flowing phase based on different criteria, e.g. the velocity histogram. Most important model properties are the matrices of dispersion tensors and exchange coefficients, which are provided by a system of specific ”closure” problems. To illustrate this approach, the methodology is applied to Taylor’s dispersion problem, in which non-local effects are produced by pore-scale spatially distributed inlet conditions. The proposed N-equations description was compared to estimates of the N-temperatures obtained from direct numerical simulations. The N-equations model was able to reproduce accurately the dynamic of pore-scale computations, for such reputedly non-homogenizable problems, with a relatively small number of equations.

Reality Blockage and Promotion Strategy of Education Differentiation Policy in Border Areas - An Analysis based on Smith's Model of Policy Implementation Process

Reality Blockage and Promotion Strategy of Education Differentiation Policy in Border Areas - An Analysis based on Smith's Model of Policy Implementation Process

Team Communication and Employee Performance in Commercial Banks in Tanzania

This study established the influence of team communication on employee performance in commercial banks in Tanzania. The study was anchored on the Katzenback and Smith model. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and targeted all 39 operational commercial bank headquarters. The unit of observation comprised senior managers, managers, supervisors, and lower-level employees in each of the commercial banks under review thus making a total of 1480 of the targeted respondents. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents; however, the expected sample size was 445 respondents with each senior manager, manager, supervisor, and lower-level employee contributing 30 percent of the total sample size. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data with the assistance of statistical package for social sciences version 26. The study established that team communication influences employee performance in commercial banks. The study recommended that banks and many other organizations need to put in place mechanisms on how to evaluate -employee-based team performance rather than the rule thumb individual-based performance evaluation. The study has also pointed out strategic areas of importance into which managers in banks can look into the respective banks such as team communication that if well accommodated influence employee performance. In addition to other recommendations, it was proposed that, in light of these findings, work organizations evaluate their high-performance work system policy and activities by the degree to which they contribute directly to the accomplishment of the team’s strategic goals and objectives through the improvement of the employee performance.

Mapping nanoscale carrier confinement in polycrystalline graphene by terahertz spectroscopy

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) can be used to map spatial variations in electrical properties such as sheet conductivity, carrier density, and carrier mobility in graphene. Here, we consider wafer-scale graphene grown on germanium by chemical vapor deposition with non-uniformities and small domains due to reconstructions of the substrate during growth. The THz conductivity spectrum matches the predictions of the phenomenological Drude–Smith model for conductors with non-isotropic scattering caused by backscattering from boundaries and line defects. We compare the charge carrier mean free path determined by THz-TDS with the average defect distance assessed by Raman spectroscopy, and the grain boundary dimensions as determined by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that even small angle orientation variations below 5° within graphene grains influence the scattering behavior, consistent with significant backscattering contributions from grain boundaries.

Logic Analysis of Public Policy Failure under Smith Model—Taking the Central-Local Implementation Deviation of Epidemic Prevention and Control as an Example

Logic Analysis of Public Policy Failure under Smith Model—Taking the Central-Local Implementation Deviation of Epidemic Prevention and Control as an Example

Research on implementation of smart elderly care service policy in Heilongjiang Province based on Smith model

Research on implementation of smart elderly care service policy in Heilongjiang Province based on Smith model

Mori generalized master equations offer an efficient route to predict and interpret polaron transport

Our work introduces a tool to minimize the cost of conductivity predictions in small polaron-forming materials and a means to map measured conductivities to polaron energy scales, overcoming the limitations of the phenomenological Drude–Smith model.

CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON INTERNAL COACHING IN SCHOOL INSTITUTIONS

Continuous professional development is a program carried out to improve teacher competencein carrying out their duties. The fact shows that implementing continuous professionaldevelopment has not significantly improved teacher professionalism. This program has notbeen running consistently, due to a lack of internal motivation from teachers who tend not toplay an active role in the culture of independent learning, because they still position themselveswaiting for professional development activities from external parties to improve theircompetence. This study aims to develop a model of continuous professional developmentthrough school institutions based on internal coaching. Internal coaching is the basic capital forteachers to become lifelong learners and self-directed for increasing competency. The researchwas conducted through a development method using the Smith and Ragan model implementedin an integrated Islamic elementary school that has implemented continuous professionaldevelopment programs for almost two years, since 2019. The constructed hypothetical model isa continuous professional development model based on internal coaching through thestimulation of reflective, participatory, innovative, and collaborative abilities integrated into theschool system to form a culture of independent learning for teachers. The implication ofresearch for further development of teacher empowerment at the school level.

Effects of urea on the aqueous solvation structure and dynamics of cis/trans-N-methylformamide: An insight from molecular dynamics simulation study

We have performed classical molecular dynamics simulation of aqueous cis/trans-N-methylformamide (NMF) systems in the presence of urea at 298 K by considering the Smith and Duffy models of urea with varying concentrations, ranging from 0 to 13.26 m. It is found that irrespective of urea models, the donating ability of the hydrogen atom of NMF to the oxygen of urea is higher than the oxygen of water, while it is comparatively higher in Duffy model. The overall urea–water interaction is significant for the Smith model, whereas the Duffy model favors the urea–urea interactions. The center of mass radial distribution functions [gCM(r)] of cis/trans-NMF suggest water is preferred in the near vicinity over urea in the solvation shell of these two conformers. A shoulder around 3.50 Å in gCM(r) of trans-NMF and water is mainly due to the hydrogen bonding contribution from the water molecules. The translational and rotational dynamics of cis/trans-NMF are slower with the addition of urea, but the slowing down is significant in trans-NMF. A similar behavior is also observed for water and urea. The higher dipole orientational relaxation time of urea for the Duffy model indicates its aggregation behavior. The hydrogen bond lifetime of Otrans…Hwat is higher compared to Ocis…Hwat for both the urea models. It is also observed that a significant increase in water–water hydrogen bond lifetime with varying concentrations of the Smith model of urea. It is also found that the stability of all these hydrogen bonds comparatively higher in Smith model.

How to Improve Garbage Classification in Chinese Universities - Based on the Smith Model

In 2017, the Chinese State Council issued the Implementation Plan for Domestic Waste Classification System, mandating waste classification in 46 pilot areas. This led to further development of garbage classification management in Chinese universities. However, most research on garbage classification management in universities has focused solely on education. Using the Smith model for analysis from a public policy perspective, this study identifies four problems with garbage classification management in Chinese universities at all levels: (1) idealistic policies require a long period of practice and a perfect system to be implemented in universities, (2) the old system of implementing agencies hinders the implementation of new policies, (3) the government and universities do not prioritize follow-up policy implementation environments, and (4) there are significant differences in the recognition of the target group. This study proposes three suggestions for the government, society, and schools to address these problems. The government should increase research and development of related public infrastructure, society should unite various social actors to jointly shape a good environment for garbage classification, and schools should guide students to take collective responsibility for garbage classification. Thus, this study proposes a new perspective for the research on garbage classification management in Chinese universities from the perspective of garbage classification policy.

Nonlinear modeling of carbon dynamics in soil treated with tannery sludge

In 2020, the Brazilian commercial cattle herd was the largest in the world, representing 14.3% of the worldwide herd, with201.7 million heads. Although this activity yields significant profits, contributing to the economic and social development ofBrazil, it has been the target of concerns, mainly due to the large production of waste/effluents associated to bovine leatherprocessing. In this scenario, mineralization is important because nutrients essential for plant growth are released duringthe process of organic waste decomposition, and the dynamics of carbon release can be described by nonlinear regressionmodels. Thus, this study aimed to model the mineralization of organic carbon in the soil for 6, 12, 24, and 36 megagramsdoses per hectare (Mg ha−1) of tannery sludge using the Stanford & Smith, Cabrera, and Juma nonlinear models. Very clayeysoil samples were used: eutroferric red nitosol (NVef). Mineralized carbon was measured in 21 observations over time untilthe 105th day of incubation. Parameters were estimated using the least squares method. Adjustments were compared usingthe corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) and the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2aj) as selection criteria. The Cabrera model had the best adjustments for doses 6, 12, and 24 Mg ha−1 and Juma for dose 36 Mg ha−1, based on the selection criteria used. Although the Stanford & Smith model is the most widely used in the literature to model soil carbon dynamics, its use was not the most appropriate for any of the doses evaluated in this study. The higher the dose of tannerysludge, the greater the amount of potentially mineralizable carbon.

Return Level Estimation in Spatial Extreme Value Modeling of Bali Sea Currents Velocity using The Smith and Brown-Resnick Max-Stable Process Approach

Bali is the world's second most popular tourist destination in 2023. One of the best tourisms is the beauty of its coasts. Even though it is the best tourism destination, it is not uncommon for disasters to occur in the coastal areas of Bali. One important factor in the occurrence of coastal disasters from waters such as tidal flooding and abrasion is ocean currents. Spatial analysis of sea currents velocity was carried out using the Smith and Brown-Resnick Max-Stable Process Approach. The purpose of this study was to determine parameter estimation and comparison of the results of Spatial Extreme Value modeling with the Smith and Brown-Resnick Max-Stable Process approach, and to determine the Return Level of Bali Sea current velocity for the same period after data testing with the best model. The data used is daily data for the period March 2, 2017 to December 30, 2020. Extreme data selection with Block Maxima uses 14 daily blocks, so there are 100 blocks for each water location. The proportion of training and testing data is 80:20. The training data follows the Generalized Extreme Value distribution and has no pattern trend (stationary). The results of the extremal coefficient measurements ranged from 1.18604 to 1.59485 indicating a fairly strong dependency between locations. The best trend surface model is a model that only has longitude coordinates on the location parameter and latitude on the scale parameter. The estimated value of the spatial parameters of the Smith model tends to be greater than that of the Brown-Resnick model. The Root Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error for the Smith model are 0.15503 and 7.75076%. Meanwhile, the Brown-Resnick model is 0.29576 and 14.12131%. Return Level values for the same period after data testing are classified as strong currents and are respectively 1.20586 m/s, 1.63592 m/s, 1.51322 m/s and 2.13233 m/s for Serangan, Gianyar, Nusa Dua, and Nusa Lembongan Waters. Information on estimated Return Levels is expected to be a consideration that can be used by related agencies such as the Coastal and Marine Resources Management Agency (BPSPL) and the Bali Province Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) as a coastal disaster mitigation effort to make it more effective, efficient and on target.

Honor in the Wild

“Culture of honor” means that individuals deter others by signaling their commitment to violent retaliation. We develop a multilevel explanation of cross-level interdependence of honor and violence. According to our concept of system-level honor, a social system is loaded with deterrence signaling if culture of honor is highly prevalent in the system. In line with the Smith and Price (1973, in Nature,https://www.nature.com/articles/246015a0) model, we argue that high system-level honor discourages Prober-Retaliator behavior: some individuals might tend to challenge others they assume to be inferior to increase their own reputation. Both individual culture of honor and system-level honor contribute to an increase in violence (H1; H2). However, as system-level honor and deterrence become more prevalent, the impact of individual honor diminishes because engaging in violent behavior becomes increasingly expensive within such a system (H3). As a second contextual effect, inequality in culture of honor should therefore increase violent behavior because it encourages Prober-Retaliator behavior (H4). We analyze the effect of culture of honor on school violence among 15-year-old adolescents. Disentangling the micro- and context-level effects of culture of honor on violent behavior in a multilevel analysis framework allows the estimation of a cross-level interaction using a large data set from more than 25,000 adolescents in more than 1,300 schoolroom contexts. Results are in line with our H3, but not with H4. Model-based predictions show that the deterrent effect must be unrealistically high to generate an equilibrium of average violence.

Strategi Public Relations Mandalika Grand Prix Association (MGPA) dalam Manajemen Event World Superbike 2022

Advances in technology and the digitalization of information have resulted in the media convergence movement growing and technological advances becoming more rapid. In today's media convergence era, there are various options in event management. This study aims to find out how the role of the Mandalika Grand Prix Association (MGPA) in the 2022 World Superbike event in Mandalika amidst media convergence. More than 50 thousand spectators came to watch the 2022 WSBK in Mandalika. This figure exceeded the initial target of 45 thousand viewers. One of the aspects that made the WSBK 2022 event successful was the event promotion strategy that was able to bring in tens of thousands of spectators. This success is inseparable from the role of Public Relations in branding and making events attractive. Public Relations must be observant in packaging events so as not to generate risks and issues in the community. This research is a constructivist paradigm and uses a descriptive qualitative approach, using the Ronald D. Smith model which analyzes the Public Relations strategy through 4 stages that identify 9 steps in planning public relations activities. From the research results, it was found that MGPA's Public Relations succeeded in utilizing technological advances as a means of event management to become more effective. able to build the image of World Superbike 2022 to become an event that is trusted by the community and its stakeholders. MGPA's Public Relations has succeeded in carrying out four PR roles in building the company's brand image, namely: (1) as a communicator for company stakeholders; (2) making publications; (3) carrying out Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities; and (4) building the company's image program.