Smith Sm Research Articles

Byrne P, Demasi M, Jones M, Smith SM, O’Brien KK, DuBroff R. Evaluating the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and relative and absolute effects of statin treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2022; 182: 474–481 (Meta-Analyse)

Meta-Analysen lassen annehmen, dass eine Senkung des LDL-Cholesterinwertes (LDL-C) um 1 mmol/l gegenüber Nicht-Behandelten das relative Risiko einer bedeutsamen Herz-Kreislaufkomplikation um rund 20 % reduziert. Wie stark wird aber das absolute Risiko der Mortalität und der kardiovaskulären Morbidität beeinflusst? Dieser Frage wurde in einer Meta-Analyse nachgegangen, die 21 grosse Studien umfasste, in denen während mindestens zwei Jahren eine Statintherapie mit Placebo oder gar keiner Behandlung verglichen wurde. In einem Teil der berücksichtigten Studien wurden Statine spezifisch als Primär- oder als Sekundärprävention verabreicht, andere Studien hatten eine gemischte Population. Die in den verschiedenen Studien mit der aktiven Therapie erreichte durchschnittliche LDL-C-Senkung lag zwischen 0,45 und 1,75 mmol/l. Die Meta-Analyse ergab eine absolute Reduktion der Gesamtmortalität um 0,8 % (95%-Vertrauensintervall CI 0,4–1,2 %), der Zahl der Myokardinfarkte um 1,3 % (CI 0,9–1,7 %) und der Schlaganfälle um 0,4% (CI 0,2–0,6 %), also mehrheitlich statistisch nicht-signifikante Resultate. Die Schlussfolgerung der Studie lautet, die absolute Risikoreduktion durch Statine sei bescheiden. Zudem würde die Qualität der Meta-Analyse durch eine markante Heterogenität der Studien beeinträchtigt.

Penile and Scrotal Skin Measurements to Predict Final Vaginal Depth With Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty.

No nomogram exists to predict maximum achievable neovaginal depth before penile inversion vaginoplasty (PIV) based on available penile & scrotal skin (SS). Maximal depth is important to patients and is determined by available skin and available anatomic space within the pelvis and varies with surgical technique. We endeavored to create a nomogram to predict expected postoperative vaginal depth. Retrospective review of all patients undergoing primary PIV at a single institution from June 2017 to February 2020 (n=60). Pre-op: Dorsal penile and midline scrotal skin length were measured. Intra-op: Tubularized scrotal skin length measured on a dilator. Immediate post-op: Final vaginal depth measured with a dilator. The amount of available penile and scrotal skin was not associated with vaginal depth. The only variable that did significantly increase depth was the use of penile+scrotal skin, as compared to penile skin alone. (P < .001) RESULTS: In patients who underwent PIV-SS, the final vaginal depth (13.3 ± 1.9 cm) was 87% of pre-op measured penile skin length (15.3 ±- 3.0 cm). In patients who underwent PIV+SS, pre-op penile skin length was 11.1 ± 4.7±cm and pre-op midline scrotal length was 22.8 ± 2.6 cm. with a final post-op vaginal canal depth of 15.2 ± 1.3 cm. In 45/46 (98%) surgeries utilizing SS grafts, SS tube length exceeded the length necessary to achieve maximal vaginal depth, and required trimming and discard. Given that in most cases there was an excess of SS, final post-op depth equaled the maximal vaginal depth that could be surgically dissected, and was not limited by the amount of available skin. Our findings suggest that for most patients it should not be necessary to include additional tissue sources (eg, peritoneum) to create a vaginal canal during primary vaginoplasty. Any penile skin that was discarded due to poor quality (eg, tight phimosis, poor viability) was not measured and accounted for. This likely resulted in a slight overestimation of the contribution of the penile skin to the final vaginal depth, but did not change the overall finding that final depth was not limited by available skin. SS grafts, when harvested and tubularized using optimized technique, supplied an excess of skin necessary to line a vaginal canal space of maximal achievable depth. We found that additional tissue sources can, instead, be reserved for future salvage surgery if it becomes necessary to augment depth. Smith SM, Yuan N, Stelmar J, et al. Penile and Scrotal Skin Measurements to Predict Final Vaginal Depth With Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty. Sex Med 2022;10:100569.

Bellagio II Report: Terrestrial Applications of Space Medicine Research

AbstractINTRODUCTION: For over 50 yr, investigators have studied the physiological adaptations of the human system during short- and long-duration spaceflight exposures. Much of the knowledge gained in developing health countermeasures for astronauts onboard the International Space Station demonstrate terrestrial applications. To date, a systematic process for translating these space applications to terrestrial human health has yet to be defined.METHODS: In the summer of 2017, a team of 38 international scientists launched the Bellagio ll Summit Initiative. The goals of the Summit were: 1) To identify space medicine findings and countermeasures with highest probability for future terrestrial applications; and 2) To develop a roadmap for translation of these countermeasures to future terrestrial application. The team reviewed public domain literature, NASA databases, and evidence books within the framework of the five-stage National Institutes of Health (NIH) translation science model, and the NASA two-stage translation model. Teams then analyzed and discussed interdisciplinary findings to determine the most significant evidence-based countermeasures sufficiently developed for terrestrial application.RESULTS: Teams identified published human spaceflight research and applied translational science models to define mature products for terrestrial clinical practice.CONCLUSIONS: The Bellagio ll Summit identified a snapshot of space medicine research and mature science with the highest probability of translation and developed a Roadmap of terrestrial application from space medicine-derived countermeasures. These evidence-based findings can provide guidance regarding the terrestrial applications of best practices, countermeasures, and clinical protocols currently used in spaceflight.Sides MB, Johnston SL III, Sirek A, Lee PH, Blue RS, Antonsen EL, Basner M, Douglas GL, Epstein A, Flynn-Evans EE, Gallagher MB, Hayes J, Lee SMC, Lockley SW, Monseur B, Nelson NG, Sargsyan A, Smith SM, Stenger MB, Stepanek J, Zwart SR; Bellagio II Team. Bellagio II report: terrestrial applications of space medicine research. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):650669.

Spaceflight not an eye-popping experience for astronauts.

Spaceflight not an eye-popping experience for astronauts.

Surface-based analysis of cortical thickness and volume loss in Alzheimer’s disease

Background and Hypothesis: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a useful tool in monitoring the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Previous surface-based analysis has focused on changes in cortical thickness associated with the disease1. The objective of this study is to analyze MRI-derived cortical reconstructions for patterns of atrophy in terms of both cortical thickness and cortical volume. We hypothesize that Alzheimer’s Disease progression will be associated with a more significant change in volume than thickness.&#x0D; Experimental Design or Project Methods: MRI data was obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). All subjects with baseline and two-year 3T MRI scans were included. Segmentation of MRIs into gray and white matter was performed with FreeSurfer2,3,4,5. Subjects whose scans did not segment accurately were excluded. Surfaces were then registered to a common atlas with Ciftify6, and anatomically-constrained Multimodal Surface Matching (aMSM) was used to analyze longitudinal changes in each subject7. This produced continuous surface maps showing changes in cortical surface area and thickness. These maps were multiplied to create cortical volume maps8. Permutation Analysis of Linear Models (PALM) was used to perform two-sample t-tests comparing the maps of the Alzheimer’s and control groups9.&#x0D; Results: Preliminary analysis of nine Alzheimer’s subjects and nine control subjects produced surface maps displaying patterns that were expected given previous research findings10,11. There was increased volume and thickness loss in Alzheimer’s subjects relative to controls, with relatively high loss in structures of the medial temporal lobe. Future analysis of a larger sample will determine whether statistically significant differences exist between the Alzheimer’s and control groups in terms of thickness loss and volume loss.&#x0D; Conclusion and Potential Impact: If significant results are found, surface-based analysis of cortical volume may allow for detection of atrophy at an earlier stage in disease progression than would be possible based on cortical thickness.&#x0D; &#x0D; References&#x0D; 1. Clarkson MJ, Cardoso MJ, Ridgway GR, Modat M, Leung KK, Rohrer JD, Fox NC, Ourselin S. A comparison of voxel and surface based cortical thickness estimation methods. NeuroImage. 2011 Aug 1; 57(3):856-65.&#x0D; 2. Dale AM, Fischl B, Sereno MI. Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction. Neuroimage. 1999;9:179194.&#x0D; 3. Fischl B, Sereno M, Dale A. Cortical surface-based analysis. II: Inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system. Neuroimage. 1999;9:195–207. &#x0D; 4. Fischl B, Salat DH, Busa E, Albert M, Dieterich M, Haselgrove C, van der Kouwe A, Killiany R, Kennedy D, Klaveness S, Montillo A, Makris N, Rosen B, Dale AM. Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain. Neuron 2002;33:341-355.&#x0D; 5. Fischl B, Salat DH, van der Kouwe AJ, Makris N, Segonne F, Quinn BT, Dale AM. Sequence-independent segmentation of magnetic resonance images. Neuroimage 2004;23 Suppl 1:S69-84.&#x0D; 6. Glasser MF, Sotiropoulos SN, Wilson JA, Coalson TS, Fischl B, Andersson JL, Xu J, Jbabdi S, Webster M, Polimeni JR, Van Essen DC, Jenkinson M, WU-Minn HCP Consortium. The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project. Neuroimage. 2013 Oct 15;80:105-24.&#x0D; 7. Robinson EC, Garcia K, Glasser MF, Chen Z, Coalson TS, Makropoulos A, Bozek J, Wright R, Schuh A, Webster M, Hutter J, Price A, Cordero Grande L, Hughes E, Tusor N, Bayly PV, Van Essen DC, Smith SM, Edwards AD, Hajnal J, Jenkinson M, Glocker B, Rueckert D. Multimodal surface matching with higher-order smoothness constraints. Neuroimage. 2018;167:453-65.&#x0D; 8. Marcus DS, Harwell J, Olsen T, Hodge M, Glasser MF, Prior F, Jenkinson M, Laumann T, Curtiss SW, Van Essen DC. Informatics and data mining tools and strategies for the human connectome project. Front Neuroinform 2011;5:4.&#x0D; 9. Winkler AM, Ridgway GR, Webster MA, Smith SM, Nichols TE. Permutation inference for the general linear model. NeuroImage, 2014;92:381-397&#x0D; 10. Matsuda, H. MRI morphometry in Alzheimer’s disease. Ageing Research Reviews. 2016 Sep;30:17-24.&#x0D; 11. Risacher SL, Shen L, West JD, Kim S, McDonald BC, Beckett LA, Harvey DJ, Jack CR Jr, Weiner MW, Saykin AJ. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Longitudinal MRI atrophy biomarkers: relationship to conversion in the ADNI cohort. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Aug;31(8):1401-18.

Cortical growth patterns in relation to autism spectrum disorder in ages 1-2 years

Background and Hypothesis: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 2.76% among children ages 3-17 in the United States1. Some studies have linked total brain volume overgrowth or gyrification changes to ASD2,3,4. However, few have attempted to relate specific growth patterns to ASD. We hypothesize that regional differences in brain growth in subjects aged 12-24 months will correlate with diagnoses from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS).&#x0D; Project Methods: The subjects for this study came from the Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS)5. The CIVET pipeline was used to segment T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs) into surfaces using a non-linear classification method5,6,7. CIVET quality control outputs were used for validation and to select parameters for the tasks along with previous recommendations5,8. Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI) was used to convert the CIVET output format, and Connectome Workbench was used to calculate surface curvature. Using cortical reconstructions and surface curvatures from 12- and 24-month brains, anatomically-constrained Multimodal Surface Matching (aMSM) was applied to achieve point correspondence and generate individual cortical growth maps9,10.&#x0D; Results: Within the IBIS database, we found 38 individuals with ASD and 121 controls with T1weighted scans at both 12 and 24-month time points. Once individual growth maps have been generated for all subjects, Permutation Analysis of Linear Models (PALM)11 will be used to determine statistically significant differences in the cortical growth patterns of ASD versus control groups.&#x0D; Conclusion and Potential Impact: Research on autism may benefit from longitudinal studies of growth, as opposed to analysis of structural differences at later ages4. We concentrate on cortical growth before 24 months, which may serve as an earlier marker of ASD, when abnormal brain growth can be seen yet social deficits are not fully established5.&#x0D; &#x0D; [1] Zablotsky B, Black LI, Blumberg SJ. Estimated Prevalence of Children With Diagnosed Developmental Disabilities in the United States, 2014–2016. NCHS Data Brief 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db291.pdf (accessed April 29, 2019).&#x0D; [2] Libero LE, Schaer M, Li DD, Amaral DG, Nordahl CW. A Longitudinal Study of Local Gyrification Index in Young Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cereb Cortex. 2019;29(6):2575-87.&#x0D; [3] Raznahan A, Toro R, Daly E, Robertson D, Murphy C, Deeley Q, et al. Cortical anatomy in autism spectrum disorder: an in vivo MRI study on the effect of age. Cereb Cortex. 2010;20(6):1332-40.&#x0D; [4] Duret P, Samson F, Pinsard B, Barbeau EB, Bore A, Soulieres I, et al. Gyrification changes are related to cognitive strengths in autism. Neuroimage Clin. 2018;20:415-23.&#x0D; [5] Hazlett HC, Gu H, Munsell BC, Kim SH, Styner M, Wolff JJ, et al. Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder. Nature. 2017;542(7641):348-51.&#x0D; [6] Shaw P, Malek M, Watson B, Sharp W, Evans A, Greenstein D. Development of cortical surface area and gyrification in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;72(3):191-7.&#x0D; [7] Ad-Dab’bagh, Y., Einarson, D., Lyttelton, O., Muehlboeck, J.-S., Mok, K., Ivanov, O., Vincent, R.D., Lepage, C., Lerch, J., Fombonne, E., and Evans, A.C. (2006). The CIVET Image-Processing Environment: A Fully Automated Comprehensive Pipeline for Anatomical Neuroimaging Research. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, M. Corbetta, ed. (Florence, Italy, NeuroImage). http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/users/yaddab/Yasser-HBM2006-Poster.pdf&#x0D; [8] Shaw P, Kabani NJ, Lerch JP, Eckstrand K, Lenroot R, Gogtay N, et al. Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex. J Neurosci. 2008;28(14):3586-94.&#x0D; [9] Garcia KE, Robinson EC, Alexopoulos D, Dierker DL, Glasser MF, Coalson TS, et al. Dynamic patterns of cortical expansion during folding of the preterm human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(12):3156-61.&#x0D; [10] Robinson EC, Garcia K, Glasser MF, Chen Z, Coalson TS, Makropoulos A, et al. Multimodal surface matching with higher-order smoothness constraints. Neuroimage. 2018;167:453-65.&#x0D; [11] Winkler AM, Ridgway GR, Webster MA, Smith SM, Nichols TE. Permutation inference for the general linear model. NeuroImage, 2014;92:381-397 (Open Access)

A Sampling of Highlights from the Literature

Inflamed tumor (by Y. Rosen via Wikimedia Commons)The use of 300 patient samples across 22 cancer types from PD-1 blockade trials revealed that inflammatory gene expression profiling and the tumor mutational burden are independent biomarkers for objective response rates to anti–PD-1. This finding was validated in a set of more than 6,000 tumors from TCGA database, in which biomarker-defined patterns identified potential targets to overcome resistance to therapy.Cristescu R, …, Kaufman D. Science 2018 Oct 12;362:eaar3593.Clustered macrophages from hyperprogression (from Fig. 2 of Lo Russo et al., Clin Cancer Res 2018)Blockade of immune checkpoints in some NSCLC patients causes a hyperprogression that correlates with the presence of myeloperoxidase+ myeloid cells and CD163+CD33+PD-L1+ macrophages. When mice with patient-derived xenografts are treated with anti–PD-1, tumors hyperprogress and increase their numbers of M2 macrophages. Treatment with anti–PD-1 F(ab)2 fragments, however, does not induce hyperprogression. Thus, stimulation of innate cell Fc receptors within tumors can sustain hyperprogression.Lo Russo G, …, Garassino MC. Clin Cancer Res 2018 Sep 11. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1390.Blocking phagocytosis inhibition (from Ahkâm via Free Icons PNG)Tumor-promoting macrophages can express CD47, which inhibits phagocytosis. A phase Ib trial tested blockage of the CD47-SIRPα interaction, combined with rituxibab (anti-CD20), in 22 patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Refractory lymphoma cells are eliminated via macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. Half of patients achieved objective responses, with manageable grade 1 or 2 adverse effects. This combination boosts antitumor immunity and shows promise for patients with aggressive lymphomas.Advani R, …, Smith SM. N Engl J Med 2018 Nov 1;379:1711–21.Macrophage-surrounded tumor (by R. Weissleder via NCI).Complement is key to inflammation and may promote protumoral microenvironments. Urokinase+ macrophages in squamous carcinomas produce C5a, which attracts other phagocytes and induces their degranulation while promoting secretion of proangiogenic and tissue remodeling cytokines. PMX-53 blocks C5a from activating its receptor and causes an increase in M1 macrophages, setting up chemokine and cytokine conditions that, with chemotherapy, recruit CD8+ T cells and inhibit tumor growth.Medler TR, …, Coussens LM. Cancer Cell 2018 Oct 8;34:561–78.Identifying standout epitopes (by Trajaner via Pixabay)Identification of immunodominant epitopes in disease can be accomplished with a deep neural network for genome-scale predictions. The described "bacteria originated T cell antigen" (BOTA) predictor identifies MHC class II–restricted epitopes from model pathogens. The CD4+ T-cell epitopes were validated through high-throughput screening that could identify reactive TCRs based on the genomic sequence of bacterial epitopes. Application of this technique to cancer may help identify immunodominant epitopes in tumors.Graham DB, …, Xavier RJ. Nat Med 2018 Oct 22;24:1762–72.Protein barcodes for CRISPR (by by Marius Walter via Wikimedia Commons)CRISPR can be used to produce unique nucleotide sequences (barcodes), and usually these are “read” on the DNA level. A barcoding system at the protein level called Pro-codes has been developed. Synthesized sequences encoding 3 combinations of 14 different linear epitopes, results in more than 300 Pro-codes. Each Pro-code was paired to CRISPR single-guide RNA and used to screen for genes affecting breast cancer sensitivity to antigen-specific T-cell responses. Identification of Rtp4, Psmb8, and Socs1 indicates this method can identify mechanisms of immune evasion.Wroblewska A, …, Brown BD. Cell 2018 Nov 1;175:1141–55.

Antibiotics for acute bronchitis.

The mission of the Cochrane Nursing Care Field (CNCF) is to improve health outcomes through increasing the use of the Cochrane Library and supporting Cochrane's role by providing an evidence base for nurses and healthcare professionals who deliver, lead or research nursing care. The CNCF produces Cochrane Corner columns, summaries of recent nursing-care-relevant Cochrane Reviews that are regularly published in collaborating nursing-related journals. Information on the processes CNCF has developed can be accessed at: cncf.cochrane.org/evidence-transfer-program-review-summaries. This is a Cochrane review summary of: Smith SM, Fahey T, Smucny J et al (2017) Antibiotics for acute bronchitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 6. CD000245. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000245.pub4.

Genetic sculpture of fine-grained human cortical regionalization

Genetic sculpture of fine-grained human cortical regionalization

Azacitidine in Patients with Treatment-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Retrospective Analysis of the Austrian Azacitidine Registry

Azacitidine in Patients with Treatment-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Retrospective Analysis of the Austrian Azacitidine Registry

Outcome of a public consultation on the Draft Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for folate

Outcome of a public consultation on the Draft Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for folate

Corrigendum

CorrigendaCorrigendumPublished Online:15 Jun 2014https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.zdg-1078-corr.2014Original articlesEffects of artificial gravity during bed rest on bone metabolism in humansEffects of 21 days of bed rest, with or without artificial gravity, on nutritional status of humansMoreSectionsPDF (24 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat Zwart SR, Crawford GE, Gillman PL, Kala G, Rodgers AS, Rogers A, Inniss AM, Rice BL, Ericson K, Coburn S, Bourbeau Y, Hudson E, Mathew G, DeKerlegand DE, Sams CF, Heer MA, Paloski WH, Smith SM. Effects of 21 days of bed rest, with or without artificial gravity, on nutritional status of humans. J Appl Physiol 107: 54–62, 2009. First published December 12, 2008; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91136.2008.—For the dietary intake data reported in Table 1, errors in nutrient intake determinations resulted from the food database entries for water consumption. Specifically, bottled water was included in the calculations of intake, but subjects were actually provided with filtered tap water. This affected intake of minerals, specifically calcium, magnesium, zinc, and sodium. After identifying the issue, we analyzed several water samples for mineral content, and have recalculated the intakes of these nutrients using the analyzed results. Although the changes were relatively small and did not affect the statistical findings or the conclusions in these papers, the correction, nonetheless, had an effect on the data. The corrected dietary intake data are shown in the table below (also see corrections in companion paper: Smith SM, Zwart SR, Heer MA, Baecker N, Evans HJ, Feiveson A, Shackelford LC, LeBlanc AD. J Appl Physiol 107: , 2009).Table 1. Dietary intake before, during, and after bed restCONAGNASA Bed Rest RequirementPreBRPostPreBRPostCalcium1,502 ± 821,292 ± 77*1,537 ± 112a1,459 ± 1321,283 ± 85*1,518 ± 112*1,000–1,200Magnesium411 ± 28344 ± 24*413 ± 30408 ± 39343 ± 28*411 ± 34350Zinc15 ± 112 ± 1*15 ± 1*15 ± 112 ± 1*15 ± 1*15Sodium3,735 ± 2853,073 ± 237*3,673 ± 271*3,637 ± 2853,003 ± 226*3,587 ± 275*<3,500Values are means ± SD in mg/day, n = 7 for the control (CON) group and n = 8 for the artificial gravity (AG) group. Pre, pre-bed rest ambulatory period; BR, bed rest; Post, post-bed rest ambulatory period. Pre means are an average of 10 days immediately before bed rest, BR means are an average of 21 days of bed rest, and Post means are an average of the first 8 days after bed rest.*P < 0.001 vs. Pre.This article has no references to display. Download PDF Previous Back to Top FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationRelated ArticlesEffects of artificial gravity during bed rest on bone metabolism in humans 01 Jul 2009Journal of Applied PhysiologyEffects of 21 days of bed rest, with or without artificial gravity, on nutritional status of humans 01 Jul 2009Journal of Applied Physiology More from this issue > Volume 116Issue 12June 2014Pages 1642-1642 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.zdg-1078-corr.2014History Published online 15 June 2014 Published in print 15 June 2014 Metrics

Corrigendum

CorrigendaCorrigendumPublished Online:15 May 2014https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.zdg-1057-corr.2014Original articleMoreSectionsPDF (33 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations Morgan JL, Zwart SR, Heer M, Ploutz-Snyder R, Ericson K, Smith SM. Bone metabolism and nutritional status during 30-day head-down tilt bed rest. J Appl Physiol 113: 1519–1529, 2012; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01064.2012.—The creatinine excretion data reported in Table 4 are wrong. The numbers published were mmol creatinine/l, not mmol/day, as labeled and as intended. The correct data are shown in the table below. All other data in the paper were calculated correctly, including creatinine clearance and all data that were normalized to creatinine.Table 4. Urine chemistryPre Bed RestBed RestRecoveryTest, units (n)Week 1Week 2Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Days 0–3Days 5–7Creatinine, mmol/day*†(12)15.5 ± 2.8 (13.9–17.0)15.4 ± 2.8 (13.8–16.9)16.1 ± 2.6c (14.3–17.4)15.9 ± 3.0 (14.0–17.2)15.9 ± 3.0 (14.2–17.3)15.0 ± 2.6 (13.4–16.6)15.6 ± 2.3 (13.6–16.7)15.2 ± 2.8 (13.6–16.8)Values are means ± SD (95% CI).*One outlier excluded;†log transformed;cP < 0.05.This article has no references to display. Download PDF Previous Back to Top FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Related ArticlesBone metabolism and nutritional status during 30-day head-down-tilt bed rest 15 Nov 2012Journal of Applied Physiology More from this issue > Volume 116Issue 10May 2014Pages 1343-1343 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.zdg-1057-corr.2014History Published online 15 May 2014 Published in print 15 May 2014 Metrics

Commentary on ‘Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural group‐based parenting programmes for early‐onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years’

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Furlong M, McGilloway S, Bywater T, Hutchings J, Smith SM, Donnelly M. Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD008225. DoI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008225.pub2.

Fibrinogen and carotid intima media thickness determine fibrin density in different atherosclerosis extents

[1] Bakris G. Are there effects of renin-angiotensin system antagonists beyond blood pressure control? Am J Cardiol 2010;105:21A–9A. [2] Lee KH, Jeong MH, Ahn YK, et al. Gender differences of success rate of percutaneous coronary intervention and short term cardiac events in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. Int J Cardiol 2008;130:227–34. [3] Mariat C, Alamartine E, Berthoux F. Measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1068–9 [author reply 1069-70]. [4] Kushner FG, HandM, Smith Jr SC, et al. 2009 focused updates: ACC/AHAGuidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (updating the 2004 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (updating the 2005 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2009;120:2271–306. [5] Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2011;123:e426–579. [6] Pitt B, Fonarow GC, Gheorghiade M, Deedwania PC, Duprez DA. Improving outcomes in post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure: incorporation of aldosterone blockade into combination therapy to optimize neurohormonal blockade. Am J Cardiol 2006;97:26F–33F. [7] Dickstein K, Kjekshus J, Group OSCotOS. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal Trial inMyocardial Infarctionwith Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan. Lancet 2002;360:752–60. [8] AnavekarNS,McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al. Relationbetween renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomesaftermyocardial infarction.N Engl JMed2004;351:1285–95. [9] Brosius III FC, Hostetter TH, Kelepouris E, et al. Detection of chronic kidney disease in patients with or at increased risk of cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease Council; the Councils on High Blood Pressure Research, Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and Epidemiology and Prevention; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: developed in collaboration with the National Kidney Foundation. Circulation 2006;114:1083–7. [10] Epstein BJ, Smith SM, Choksi R. Recent changes in the landscape of combination RAS blockade. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009;7:1373–84. [11] Shewan LG, Coats AJ. Ethics in the authorship and publishing of scientific articles. Int J Cardiol 2011;153:239–40.

An Opioid Deficit in Borderline Personality Disorder: Self-Cutting, Substance Abuse, and Social Dysfunction

An Opioid Deficit in Borderline Personality Disorder: Self-Cutting, Substance Abuse, and Social Dysfunction

Evaluation of Strategies of Care in the Secondary Prevention of Heart Disease: Critical Appraisal of a Cluster Randomized Trial

Evaluation of: Murphy AW, Cupples ME, Smith SM, Byrne M, Myrne MC, Newell J; for the SPHERE study team: Effect of tailored practice and patients care plans on secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice: cluster randomized controlled trial. BMJ 339, B4220 (2009). Coronary heart disease is the main cause of morbidity/mortality in developed countries and the costs of this epidemic are a major concern and a focus of public health policies. The cornerstone in controlling the incidence of coronary heart disease is the management of risk factors and an evaluation of the best strategy is of the greatest importance. Murphy et al. conducted a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the strategies of tailored practice and patient care plans on secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice. The study found that at 18 months of follow-up, there were no significant differences between intervention and control groups in the proportion of patients above the recommended limits of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol concentrations. The number of patients admitted to hospital significantly decreased in the intervention group. Although secondary prevention programs have positive impacts on the process of care, the benefit was clear after a longer period of follow-up in many studies. The practice of preventive cardiology in patients with coronary heart disease is difficult to achieve, particularly when the population already had a lower prevalence of uncontrolled risk factors, as Murphy et al. found in their study. It is possible that the patients included in this and other studies were at a sufficiently low risk that the likelihood of detecting a beneficial effect in a short period of time was small. There is good evidence that healthcare professionals can help patients; nonetheless, they also need guidance and programs to help them. Some questions regarding these multidisciplinary programs also remain to be answered, and their cost-effectiveness remains unclear. The incremental benefit of secondary prevention programs may be very small in the settings in which those trials were performed, but they certainly will be beneficial in settings where usual care is less optimal; these scenarios are often found around the world.

Investigating the Relationship between Body Weight and Brain Connectivity using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Alkan A 2008. Diffusion-weighted imaging features of brain in obesity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 446-450. Anwander A 2007. Connectivity-based parcellation of Broca's area. Cerebral Cortex, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 816-825.Haltia LT 2007. Brain white matter expansion in human obesity and the recovering effect of dieting. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 92, no. 8, pp. 3278-3284. Jenkinson P 2002. Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images. NeuroImage, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 825-841. Lohmann G 2001. Lipsia A new software system for the evaluation of functional magnetic resonance images of the human brain. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 449-457.Smith SM 2006. Tract-based spatial statistics: Voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. NeuroImage, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1487-1505. Thirion J-P 1998. Image matching as a diffusion process: an analogy with Maxwell's demons, Medical Image Analysis. vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 243-260. Connectivity of voxels related to the negative BMI/FA-correlation overlaid onto a shrunken brain surface (based on a representative individual subject). The tractography indicates that the detected areas in the corpus callosum project to cortical regions in the frontal lobe. Voxel-wise GLM analysis of the FA values. The red dots show the fitted parameters for the factor BMI. There is a negative correlation between FA and BMI (adjusted for subject's age and gender) in anterior regions of the corpus callosum. TBSS analysis of FA maps of 53 subjects with a BMI between 18.9 and 50.7. The results (color-coded in red/yellow) show the negative correlation between BMI and FA (p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons). Thus, the greater the BMI, the smaller the FA in anterior regions of the corpus callosum.

Summary of ‘Over‐the‐counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings’, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over‐the‐counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue No. 1. Art No.: CD001831. DOI:10.1.002/14 651 858.CD001831.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration

Commentary on ‘Over‐the counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings’

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over‐the‐counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue No. 1. Art No.: CD001831. DOI:10.1.002/14 651 858.CD001831.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration