Smartphone-based Diary Research Articles

The TimeUse+ data set: 4 weeks of time use and expenditure data based on GPS tracks

AbstractThis data paper introduces the TimeUse+ data set and outlines the comprehensive survey methodologies employed in its collection. The TimeUse+ study comprised two online questionnaires and a smartphone-based diary, recording travel, time use, and expenditure data. Participants were instructed to utilize the TimeUse+ application over a 4-week period. The app passively tracked participants’ movements via GPS and enabled them to annotate their trips and time spent at fixed locations with relevant time use and expenditure information. We begin by providing an overview of extant research on smartphone-based activity-travel diaries and the survey methodological research that informed the TimeUse+ app’s design. We then delineate the study design and components of TimeUse+, highlighting insights derived from prior focus groups and pretests. The data analyzed in this study were collected during the main study wave of TimeUse+, conducted in German-speaking Switzerland from July 2022 to February 2023. Approximately 63,000 individuals were invited to participate, of which approximately 10% initially indicated interest. Despite the study’s extensive and burdensome nature, we observed a net response rate of 2.1%. We present findings related to travel behavior, time use patterns, and expenditure habits, and discuss the challenges faced and lessons learned during each stage of development and execution of the TimeUse+ study. These extensive longitudinal data, which include validated information on travel mode and purpose, as well as detailed data on duration, social partners, and expenditures associated with activities performed at each destination, are being made available for further research.

P053 Patient engagement in long-term PROMs collection: 48-month observation in real-world clinical practice

Abstract Background/Aims Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) allow effective communication of disease experiences and encourage shared decision-making for people with inflammatory arthritis (IA). This analysis examines the long-term utilization of PROMs collection in a real-world clinical environment. Methods Clinical practice review at North Bristol NHS Trust rheumatology clinic (July 2018 - July 2022), focussing on PROMs collection (joint assessment (self-JA), HAQ, RAPID3) from patients with IA, using a smartphone-based diary (Living With) to assess and record disease activity. The app is GDPR and NHS Data Security and Protection Toolkit (ODS Code 8JP33) compliant. Ethical approval wasn’t required for this service review. Data were fully anonymized prior to analysis. Statistical analysis was completed in RStudio (V.1.4.1717). Kaplan-Maier analysis estimated app engagement. “Long-term” users were defined as those completing ≥1 PROM over 12 weeks before data cutoff. Participants recruited ≤16 weeks before data cutoff were excluded. Results Over 48 months, 1257 patients were invited and 967 (76.9%) downloaded the app.711 (56.6%) completed a PROM at least once. 79 (11.1%) were excluded due to diagnosis change out of IA group. Among 632 IA patients: 69.1% were female, mean age was 53.7±13.9 years. 63.7% had rheumatoid arthritis, 25.2% psoriatic arthritis; 7.4% undifferentiated IA, 2.1% enteropathic, 1.6% reactive arthritis, respectively. Recruitment increased over time with a noticeable rise in April 2020. The median number of completed RAPID3 was 9 [4; 30], self-JA - 9 [3; 26] and HAQ - 4 [1; 10]. 71.8% of recruited patients completed all PROMs; 15.8% - two PROMs and 12.3% - at least once. Median time in days from registration to first completed RAPID3 was 1 [0; 15], self-JA - 2 [0; 23] and for HAQ - 3 [0; 30]. Table 1 shows the proportion of “long-term” app users. The median duration of engagement was: RAPID3- 64.1 95%CI [36.9; 55.0], self-JA -57.9[52.7; 65.1], HAQ - 44.3 [36.9; 55.0] weeks. Conclusion Engagement in PROMs collection has markedly increased since 2020 but does decrease over time. Ongoing encouragement from health professionals to use and integrate PROMs into care pathways is essential and provides valuable information on the effectiveness and tolerability of health interventions. Disclosure I. Biliavska: None. E. Lenguerrand: None. E. Sparey: None. J.H. Tobias: None. P.D.H. Hamann: Consultancies; provided consultancy for Living With Ltd Software Company for the development of the smartphone application -Living With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Royalties; limited royalty agreement with Living With Ltd Software Company. Honoraria; from Gilead Pharmaceuticals for the production of training materials on remote monitoring for patients with arthritis.

Associations between lifestyle intervention-related changes in dietary targets and migraine headaches among women in the Women's Health and Migraine (WHAM) randomized controlled trial.

SummaryBackgroundMigraine and obesity are comorbid particularly in women of reproductive age. Obesity treatment involves reducing energy intake and improving dietary quality but the effect of these changes on migraine is largely unknown.ObjectiveTo determine if adherence to dietary intervention targets (ie, total energy, dietary fat intake, and dietary quality) were associated with improvements in migraine and weight.MethodsEighty‐four women with overweight/obesity and migraine were randomized to and completed either a 16‐week behavioral weight loss (BWL) or a migraine education (ME) intervention. For 28 days at baseline and posttreatment, women recorded monthly migraine days, duration, and maximum pain intensity via smartphone‐based diary. At each assessment, weight was measured and dietary intake (total energy intake, percent (%) energy from fat, and diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index, 2010 [HEI‐2010]) was assessed using three nonconsecutive 24‐hour diet recalls.ResultsThere were no significant group differences in change mean migraine days per month (BWL: ‐2.6+4.0, ME: ‐4.0+4.4; p = 0.1). Participants in BWL significantly reduced their percent fat intake 3.8% (p = 0.004) and improved total diet quality (HEI‐2010) by 6.7 points (p = 0.003) relative to baseline and those in ME (%fat: +0.3%; p = 0.821; HEI‐2010: +0.7; p = 0.725). After controlling for race/ethnicity and weight change, changes in dietary intake were not related to changes in migraine characteristics or weight loss among BWL participants (p's > 0.05).ConclusionsChanges in dietary intake among participants were small and may have been insufficient to improve migraine in women with overweight/obesity and migraine.

Incentives in public addiction treatment payment systems: Intended and unintended effects

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117 e79 reductions inwithdrawal and urges frombaseline through the final treatment week. Conclusions: Depressed and non-depressed smokers differed onpatterns ofwithdrawal andurges to smoke,with those reporting depression showing increased withdrawal and urges when they initially reduced smoking. Financial support: NIH R21DA021839, R01DA034537, Helene Lycacki/Joe Young, Sr. Funds (Michigan). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.582 Incentives in public addiction treatment payment systems: Intended and unintended effects Sharon Reif, Maureen Stewart, Constance M. Horgan, B. Mohr Institute for Behavioral Health, The Heller School, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States Aims: Innovative ways are needed to improve the quality of treatment for drug use disorders. Performance-based contracting (PBC) aims to align program incentives and purchaser goals, yet is uncommon indrugabuse treatment systems. In2007,Maine implemented a second-generation PBC systemwith financial incentives, for outpatient programs, addressing problems identified with its previous PBC. This study aims to (1) determine whether rewarded measures and outcomes changed under the PBC, (2) examine whether there was client selection due to the PBC and (3) explore possible unintended effects of the PBC. Methods: We use state administrative data from 2005 to 2011 andmultilevelmodeling techniqueswithadifference-in-difference approach, and a non-PBC comparison group, to determinewhether the 2007 PBC resulted in improved access and retention in treatment and whether positive or negative unintended effects stemmed from it. Results: Preliminary analyses (N=25,105 admissions) indicated that the probability of receiving four or more outpatient treatment sessions did not change significantly between the 2005–2007 preperiod and the 2008–2011 post-period (OR .9, p= .16) and was not significantly different in the PBC agencies from the non-PBC agencies. Similarly there was no significant change in the probability of remaining in treatment for 90 days or more. The most significant predictors of retention were client characteristics (previous treatment, criminal justice involvement and homelessness). Client selection problems were not identified in an analysis of admission rates for individualswith diagnosedmental disorders.We continue to refine these models and examine the impact of the PBC on other factors and client outcomes. Conclusions: Introduction of a PBC is a significant change in payment design that may affect how drug treatment services are delivered, thus increasing our understanding of its effects is critical. Inpreliminary analyseswefind theoverall net effect of incentivized contract very small and not significant. Financial support: NIDA R01 DA033402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.583 A comparison of drug-related deaths in Florida, 2007–2012 C.J. Reissig, J.M. Vojtech Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States Aims: The state of Florida maintains extensive and publicly available death records data tracking a variety of prescription and recreational drugs of abuse. The aim of this study was to examine the most frequently occurring drug-related deaths in Florida from 2007 to 2012. Conclusions: Drug-related death data were obtained from the state of Florida for the years 2007–2012. The leading causes of drug-related deaths in Florida from 2007 to 2012 involved opioids and benzodiazepines. The Florida death data were sorted by the type of drug(s) involved in death: amphetamines, ethanol, benzodiazepines, inhalants, opioids or “other.” Preliminary analyses examined specific drugs that were present at death including hydrocodone, oxycodone, alprazolam, and carisoprodol. Data were sorted to observe the numbers of deaths per year, and the number of deaths classified as “causal” or “present.” Finally, we examined the number of deaths that occurred when each drug was used in combination with one or more other drugs. The majority of deaths occurred when oxycodone and hydrocodone were used in combination with at least one other substance. Alprazolam was the most common drug found in combination with hydrocodone or oxycodone. Financial support: N/A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.584 Sex and drugs in the lives of minority women: A multi-level analysis of smartphone-based daily diary data Grace L. Reynolds1, Dennis G. Fisher1, Jean-Philippe Laurenceau2 1 California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States 2 University of Deleware, Newark, DE, United States Aims: African American and Latina women are at increased risk of HIV infection through heterosexual contact. Daily smartphonebased diaries can provide event-level information about the context of sex and drug use behaviors that may help in our understanding of why heterosexual contact is so risky for minority women. Theaimof this researchwas to investigatedruguse and sex risk through the use of electronic daily diary collection methods. Methods: 189 women were recruited into a smartphone daily diary study for a 12-week (84 days) diary period. Baseline interviews were completed and women consented to completing a data collection “app” using Samsung Android smartphones with unlimited text, Internet and voice capability provided by the study. Weekly incentiveswere provided for daily diary completion.Mplus was used for the multi-level analysis which specified a withinsubjectsprocesswherewepredicted thathigh-risk sexwouldoccur on days on which women also used illicit drugs.