Smart Sensor Module Research Articles

Improvement of seismic radon station SRS - 05

Designed on the base of seismic radon station SRS-05 hardware and software complex receives and forms the data of the measurements from station, perform the archiving of the data and sends it to the end users. Besides, the complex realises remote control by station. Additional devices of this complex do not influence the process of measuring of the station and just provide access to the internet and data transfer to specified ftp-server directly via the network or the mobile in places with lack of cable infrastructures. New functional properties increase the adaptive capabilities of the complex, provide its autonomous work and contribute to its transformation into a smart sensor module for monitoring of an environment. Small dimensions and low power consumption of its components provide greater mobility of the complex and increase the time of its autonomous operation.

Synthesis and implementation of polycrystalline ferrite material for smart sensor module

Keeping pace with facets of nanotechnology and its applications in the field of development of smart sensor module polycrystalline ferrite material plays significant role in development of sensing material. Hence, MgZn and NiZn polycrystalline ferrite have been synthesized by co-precipitation method. The formation of the materials is confirmed by characterization by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR absorption. From the results of X-ray diffraction investigation, formation of single phase compositions is confirmed. The resulted structure is FCC with 311 as a prominent reflection. The average particle size obtains by using Scherrer relation and the range from 40 nm to 48 nm. The existence of the nanoparticles results into increase of the surface area required to favour adsorption mechanism. FTIR spectrographic studies, reveals the existence of various modes of the lattice vibration. These materials were used for development of the sensor for monitoring of Alcohol gas and temperature. The detection of alcohol and temperature is essential in various industries and for environmental prediction as well. The sensing elements of the sensors are developed using thick film technology and alcohol and temperature sensitive electrical properties are investigated. An operating temperature was optimized to 135 0C for gas sensing application. Deploying glass and ceramic substrate the sensor is developed. Electrical resistance of the sensor (Rg) is measured for alcohol gas and environment temperature and it shows decreasing trend with increase in the sensing parameters. Deploying this material smart electronic system is design using advance microcontroller. From, the results of this investigation, it can be concluded that, the compositions under investigation can be suitably used for deployment of Smart Sensor for sensing of alcohol and temperature.

An Enhanced Multiplication of RF Energy Harvesting Efficiency Using Relay Resonator for Food Monitoring.

Recently, radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (RFEH) has become a promising technology for a battery-less sensor module. The ambient RF radiation from the available sources is captured by receiver antennas and converted to electrical energy, which is used to supply smart sensor modules. In this paper, an enhanced method to improve the efficiency of the RFEH system using strongly coupled electromagnetic resonance technology was proposed. A relay resonator was added between the reader and tag antennas to improve the wireless power transmission efficiency to the sensor module. The design of the relay resonator was based on the resonant technique and near-field magnetic coupling concept to improve the communication distance and the power supply for a sensor module. It was designed such that the self-resonant frequencies of the reader antenna, tag antenna, and the relay resonator are synchronous at the HF frequency (13.56MHz). The proposed method was analyzed using Thevenin equivalent circuit, simulated and experimental validated to evaluate its performance. The experimental results showed that the proposed harvesting method is able to generate a great higher power up to 10 times than that provided by conventional harvesting methods without a relay resonator. Moreover, as an empirical feasibility test of the proposed RF energy harvesting device, a smart sensor module which is placed inside a meat box was developed. It was utilized to collect vital data, including temperature, relative humidity and gas concentration, to monitor the freshness of meat. Overall, by exploiting relay resonator, the proposed smart sensor tag could continuously monitor meat freshness without any batteries at the innovative maximum distance of approximately 50 cm.

Design and Development of Smart Aquaculture System Based on IFTTT Model and Cloud Integration

The internet of things technology (IoT) is growing very rapidly. IoT implementation has been conducted in several sectors. One of them is for aquaculture. For the traditional farmers, they face problems for monitoring water quality and the way to increase the quality of the water quickly and efficiently. This paper presents a real-time monitoring and controlling system for aquaculture based on If This Then That (IFTTT) model and cloud integration. This system was composed of smart sensor module which supports modularity, smart aeration system for controlling system, local network system, cloud computing system and client visualization data. In order to monitor the water condition, we collect the data from smart sensor module. Smart sensor module consists of sensor dissolved oxygen, potential of hydrogen, water temperature and water level. The components of smart aeration system are microcontroller NodeMCU v3, relay, power supply, and propeller that can produce oxygen. The system could set the IFTTT rules for the ideal water condition for the pond in any kinds of aquaculture based on its needs through the web and android application. The experimental result shows that use IFTTT model makes the aquaculture monitoring system more customizable, expandable and dynamic.

Battery-free smart-sensor system for real-time indoor air quality monitoring

Indoor air pollution is one of the serious issues that affect public health nowadays. Therefore, indoor air quality needs to be monitored by a real-time system for early air pollution warning. Until now, most wireless sensors used for air quality monitoring have required power supply from a battery for sensor operation and wireless data communication. This battery, which is attached to a sensing module, makes the wireless sensing module larger and requires regular replacement efforts and high costs. The present study proposes a novel battery-free sensor module to measure the concentration of volatile organic compounds, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure for monitoring air quality in indoor environment. The proposed system comprises a smart-sensor tag, and a radio frequency (RF) energy harvester. The sensing circuit, designed using ultra-low power sensors and a microcontroller unit (MCU), consumes low average power of only 0.5mW. The MCU collects data from the sensors and writes the sensing data to the memory in the form of an Electronic Product Code (EPC) Class 1 Generation 1 compliant identification (ID) of the tag. The RF energy harvester with a highly efficient buck–boost converter and a 50-mF supercapacitor for real-time saving of the collected power can sufficiently collect the available RF energy from the reader within a maximum distance of ∼250cm from the reader to supply power for sensing and wireless communication operation of the smart-sensor tag. Therefore, the proposed smart-sensor module can be a battery-free sensor device for monitoring environment parameters in indoor condition. Experiments are conducted to validate and support the developed system for real-time air quality monitoring and warning.

Implementation of Electric Data Sheet Based on Virtual Instrument

To solve the problem of the incompatible and interoperable in complex system configured by different buses or transducers, the paper introduced the IEEE1451 standard protocol, the transducer electric data sheet specified in the standard was analyzed in detail. On the basis, a smart sensor module was designed based on FPGA, TEDS specified in IEEE1451.2 were designed, data of transducers were filled in and downloaded in graphic and programmable VB language. Adopting intelligent TEDS in IEEE1451.2 standard improves the system performance, cost-effective and versatility, making the complex system be developed more easily, data processing simple.

Implementation of Electric Data Sheet Based on Virtual Instrument

To solve the problem of the incompatible and interoperable in complex system configured by different buses or transducers, the paper introduced the IEEE1451 standard protocol, the transducer electric data sheet specified in the standard was analyzed in detail. On the basis, a smart sensor module was designed based on FPGA, TEDS specified in IEEE1451.2 were designed, data of transducers were filled in and downloaded in graphic and programmable VB language. Adopting intelligent TEDS in IEEE1451.2 standard improves the system performance, cost-effective and versatility, making the complex system be developed more easily, data processing simple.

Development of Ni-Zn Ferrite Based Smart Humidity Sensor Module by Using Mixed Signal Programmable System-on-Chip

Synthesis of materials for sensor and development of smart sensor module, of promising characteristics, large adoptability and great portability, plays significant role in designing of sophisticated instrumentation. Therefore, based on an innovative technology, analogue and mixed signal VLSI design, a smart humidity sensor module is designed and presented in this paper. The composition of nano sized Nickel-Zinc ferrites are synthesised by co-precipitation and formation of single phase spinel ferrites are confirmed by X-powder diffraction. The inter-digitated sensor is fabricated by screen printing technique and implemented for sensor module development. The electrical resistance (R), measured against humidity shows exponential decrease with increase in the humidity (RH %) and supports the photonic conductivity. This nature of the sensor is considered for designing of sensor module. A programmable System on-chip, Cypress PSoC, emphasizes mixed signal VLSI technology. The sensor under investigation is interfaced to the cypress PSoC. On reconfiguring the analogue as well as digital parts a system on chip is designed. The system is calibrated to RH%. Actually, the sensor materials are exhibiting semiconductor nature. The exponential behaviour of the sensor material is linearised by deploying the features of the firmware. The present sensor module is showing humidity reading in RH% with great accuracy. It also provides linear response during humidity 30 RH% to 95 RH%. This low cost and high reliable sensor could be utilized for monitoring relative humidity different environment.

ENGLISH

In this world of fast growing technology all the monitoring systems require the features like high performance instrumentation, low-cost primary sensors, online signal processing, portability, and versatility. Introduction of smart sensor comes up with all these features. Commercially available monitoring equipment cannot easily achieve versatility and portability. But smart sensor approach will increase the performance and overcome costs in monitoring systems. They use standard off-the-shelf sensors and add signal processing, communication and integration capabilities in their functionality. This paper proposes implementation of real time system-on-chip (SOC) based smart sensor for time-frequency analysis of the signals like voltage, electric current and vibrations by applying discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on field programmable gate array(FPGA). The proposed smart sensor uses a proprietary hardware processing unit. This unit includes a multiplier accumulate unit (MAC) for computing real time discrete wavelet transform for all the input signals. The proposed designs of MAC uses a modified booth multiplier and carry save adder for area optimization and propagation delay. This design can connect to different primary sensors without additional instrumentation and shows obtained results in 2-D view on a video graphics array screen or liquid crystal display. For presentation purposes, hardware computed results will be sending to a PC through an RS232 interface and plotting in MATLAB. The SOC-based smart sensor module will be designing and developing in Xilinx 12.2 ISE using VHDL and simulating in Modelsim 6.3f.