Smart Panel Research Articles

The Role Of Modern Communication Technology In Reducing School Circumstantial Problems During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Many studies and reports in recent years have demonstrated the importance of ICT in education ", where UNESCO has identified it as an essential tool for disseminating knowledge in societies and its adoption in the educational system helps to improve the quality of education, Schools use means of communication to communicate, disseminate, store and manage information, Achieving the principle of interactive education by replacing chalk panels with smart panels, for example Students use their smart phones to learn, and to achieve this possibility of distance learning, which helps educational institutions, including the school, to consider them among the most important institutions of socialization in controlling and reducing the circumstantial problems they face. The Algerian school is not isolated from such problems and this is what I emphasized in the current health crisis. We will address in our study alongside modern communication media the role they play in confronting exceptional circumstances under the COVID-19 pandemic

Electrofluorochromic Hydrogels by Oligothiophene-Based Color-Tunable Fluorescent Dye Doping.

Soft electronic materials hold great promise for advancing flexible functional devices. Among the various soft materials available, hydrogels are particularly attractive for soft electronic device development due to their inherent properties, including transparency, shape adaptability through swelling/deswelling, and self-healing capabilities. Transparent hydrogels contribute to the creation of advanced smart devices such as sensors, smart windows, and anticounterfeiting technologies. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels are used as a platform for creating electrofluorochromic (EFC) devices in combination with oligothiophene-conjugated benzothiazole derivatives (OCBs) as fluorescent emitters. OCBs demonstrated excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior with a large Stokes shift and emission changes responsive to solvent polarity and pH stimuli. Even in the solid state, OCBs exhibited strong fluorescence emission across a wide range of colors from blue to red, making them exceptionally well-suited for EFC device development. Their quantum yields in the powder state were obtained between 2.3% and 19.9%. Through the incorporation of OCBs into a PVA hydrogel (OCB@PVA), we achieved the successful fabrication of flexible EFC devices, including electronic paper and smart panels. When electric potentials (-2.4 and +2.4 V) were applied in OCB@PVA, fluorescence color changes were observed by an electrochemically induced pH change owing to electrohydrolysis of water. These devices demonstrated the potential of OCB@PVA hydrogels in the realm of flexible electronics. They could be used to create innovative and versatile devices with stimuli-responsive fluorescence properties.

Optimal deployment of private 5G multi-access edge computing systems at smart factories: Using hybrid crow search algorithm

In smart factories, an increasing number of mobile intelligent devices are deployed to meet the growing demands for flexible manufacturing. These devices, equipped with various sensors, synchronize a substantial amount of data with cloud servers for real-time monitoring and control. Fifth generation mobile networks (5G) combined with multi-access edge computing (MEC) provide the capabilities for multiple connections, large-scale data transmission, and efficient response times, becoming the mainstream network architectures for the needs. Additionally, with the emerging trend of energy-saving, recent works have addressed energy consumption as a significant cost factor. However, most previous studies tended to focus solely on cloud servers, neglecting energy consumption at edge computing and underestimating the impact of heterogeneous mobile device. As the scope of smart factory networks continues to expand, the challenges become increasingly critical. This study presents a private 5G MEC system architecture tailored for smart panel factories. The concerned problem is formulated as an integer programming model, which determines deployment locations and quantities for MEC servers and 5G small cells, including picocells and femtocells, so as to minimize the overall deployment costs while meeting the constraints of connectivity, capacity, latency, coverage, serviceability, and energy consumption. Since the edge server deployment problem is NP-hard, this study further proposes a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm, CSAVNS, which combines the strengths of crow search algorithm (CSA) and variable neighborhood search (VNS). In the global search phase of CSA, the VNS local search is introduced to enhance the algorithm's capabilities. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed CSAVNS outperforms other algorithms in terms of solution solving capabilities.

Flexible transparent Ag NW micromesh electrode with enhanced electrical and thermal properties for multifunctional smart panel applications

With the advent of next-generation smart panels, it is highly desirable to integrate multiple functions for application in intelligent buildings, human–machine interfaces, art exhibitions, etc.

Smart Three-Phase Electrical Panel Based on IoT Integration and Intelligent Lighting Control

In the quest for efficient power distribution, this article explores the design and implementation of a smart three-phase electrical panel that seamlessly integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The core of this innovation lies in the utilization of NodeMCU, coupled with Blynk platform connectivity, providing users with unprecedented control and monitoring capabilities. Alongside IoT functionality, the panel incorporates a manual push button for localized control and a photocell sensor, linked to a contactor for intelligent lighting management based on ambient conditions. The article delves into the intricacies of the design, outlining the components, implementation steps, and the dual modes of operation – online mode for remote control and offline mode for local functionality. The presented smart panel not only marks a significant advancement in power distribution but also serves as an example for the future of intelligent electrical systems.

Smart Panel

Abstract: A smart switchboard provides convenience by allowing users to remotely control their electrical devices and appliances through a mobile application or web interface. It also offers energy efficiency by monitoring energy usage and promoting adjustments for lower consumption and bills. In this paper we developed a smart panel for wireless control of lights and appliances, including fan speed control, using the Blynk app. A system was also implemented to display and cut off power supply if current or voltage exceeded a set limit to prevent harm to the appliance. The project demonstrated successful implementation and improvement of basic appliance control and safety measures.

A Variable Kinematic Multifield Model for the Lamb Wave Propagation Analysis in Smart Panels.

The present paper assessed the use of variable kinematic two-dimensional elements in the dynamic analysis of Lamb waves propagation in an isotropic plate with piezo-patches. The multi-field finite element model used in this work was based on the Carrera Unified Formulation which offers a versatile application enabling the model to apply the desired order theory. The used variable kinematic model allowed for the kinematic model to vary in space, thereby providing the possibility to implement a classical plate model in collaboration with a refined kinematic model in selected areas where higher order kinematics are needed. The propagation of the symmetric () and the antisymmetric () fundamental lamb waves in an isotropic strip was considered in both mechanical and piezo-elastic plate models. The convergence of the models was discussed for different kinematics approaches, under different mesh refinement, and under different time steps. The results were compared to the exact solution proposed in the literature in order to assess and further determine the effects of the different parameters used when dynamically modeling a Lamb wave propagating in such material. It was shown that the higher order kinematic models delivered a higher accuracy of the propagating wave evaluated using the corresponding Time Of Flight (TOF). Upon using the appropriate mesh refinement of 2000 elements and sufficient time steps of 4000 steps, the error between the TOF obtained analytically and numerically using a high order kinematics was found to be less than 1% for both types of fundamental Lamb waves and . Node-dependent kinematics models were also exploited in wave propagation to decrease the computational cost and to study their effect on the accuracy of the obtained results. The obtained results show, in both the mechanical and the piezo-electric models, that a reduction in the computational cost of up to 50% can be easily attained using such models while maintaining an error inferior to 1%.

Effect of Meteorological Parameters on the Performance of Photovoltaics Installed under the Guinea Savannah Atmosphere in Ogoja, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria

A thorough experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of some meteorological parameters on the performance of photovoltaics installed under the guinea savannah atmosphere in Ogoja, Cross River State, Nigeria by in-situ measurement approach using a precision digital solar power meter, an accurate digital hygrometer, precision digital infrared gun thermometer and a digital high precision photovoltaic smart panel maximum power point tracker (MPPT) tester to track and determine the maximum power, voltage and current produced by the photovoltaic module. The result reveals that stability in voltage should be expected between relative humidity levels of 67% to 47% while erratic drop in voltage below 47% of relative humidity should be expected which hinders the PV module from attaining 100% efficiency. In addition, the temperature of the study location seems favorable as on the average the panel temperature will rarely exceed 400C for months besides January which makes it possible for the PV module to attain 90% efficiency. Also, with an altitude of 85m above sea level coupled with the fact that as early as 9:00am the solar power level is close to 800W/m2 makes the location a good site for the installation of solar farm for harvesting solar energy.

Solar Panel Cleaner Using Vibrator and Air Blower for Desert Location

Solar panel is vulnerable to accumulated dust on its surface. The efficiency of the solar panel gradually decreases because of dust accumulation. Accumulation of dust and debris on even one panel in an array reduces their efficiency in energy generation considerably and emphasizes the need to keep the panel’s surface as clean as possible. In this paper, a smart panel cleaning system for PV that provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for the removal of soil and dirt. It will automatically and remotely remove the dirt at a fraction of the cost of manual cleaning. In this paper, an Arduino based solar panel cleaning system is designed and implemented for dust removal. The proposed solar panel cleaner is waterless, economical and automatic. Two-step mechanism used in this system consists of an exhaust fan which works as an air blower and a vibration to detached the dust from the panel surface. Since, the system does not need water to clean solar panel, it avoids the wastage of water and effective in desert areas. In terms of daily energy generation, the presented automatic-cleaning scheme provides about 30% more energy output when compared to the dust accumulated PV module.

A smart spontaneous crowd evacuation system for large multi-exit exhibition centers based on IoT

Plans to mass evacuate visitors in an exhibition center in the case of emergency situations are critical for public safety and disaster management. Efficient crowd evacuation during mass gatherings has been an active research area during the past years. In this paper, we consider the challenging problem of finding in near real-time the most efficient and safest evacuation pathways in a multi-exit exhibition center while the fire hazard spreads. We first propose a system composed of sensor nodes to collect pertinent safety data associated with the changing environmental conditions. We then present a spontaneous dynamic evacuation system that considers the changing conditions in the risks associated with each hallway segment in terms of walking distance, heat, two major asphyxiant fire gases and crowd congestion. Our IoT-based system activates smart panels placed at major junctions of the hallways to visually guide evacuees towards the safest escape direction under the existing circumstances. The proposed algorithms aim to minimize the total evacuation time of all evacuees, while circumventing congested and perilous aisles, balancing traffic loads, and guaranteeing high scalability and reasonable computational efficiency. This work can pave the way towards the development of nextgeneration smart exhibition centers, where crowd safety is among the top priorities

Numerical and experimental study of an active control logic for modifying the acoustic performance of single-layer panels

This work proposes an active control logic that uses a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller and a Kalman-Bucy (KB) state observer to improve the acoustic performance of single-layer panels. When the panel is subjected to an acoustic excitation, the proposed strategy can automatically adapt to the acoustic disturbance by tuning some of the decisive weighting factors in the LQR and the KB filter according to the spectrum of the signals from sensors. This control acts on the panel with PZT patches as actuators and accelerometers as sensors, forming a smart structure. The vibroacoustic model of the smart panel is formulated using modal functions, from which the transmitted power and the transmission loss of the panel are derived. Accordingly, the control strategy is designed using the state-space representation under modal coordinates, during which the spillover effect is considered and the placement of actuators and sensors is optimized by a modified modal H2 norm approach. It is noticeable that several advanced techniques in the active control of noise and vibration are implemented in this development of the smart panel. Following this, numerical and experimental studies oriented to the effectiveness of the proposed control logic are performed. While the numerical simulations are carried out under the assumption that the two sides of the panel are a reverberant and a free field, respectively, the experiments are conducted using the test equipment called Noise-Box, whose inner space is considered able to simulate a field incidence. Two scenarios are provided: one for the monotone at 500 Hz or 1,000 Hz; the other for the white noise within 750 Hz – 1,000 Hz. The results validate that the active control improves the acoustic performance of the panel for sound insulation, whether the acoustic disturbance is a monotone of any frequency or a band-limited noise with a given frequency range.

Design of Power Monitoring and Electrical Control Systems to Support Energy Conservation

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the decreasing supply of fossil fuels in recent years have increased the cost of electrical energy. So that the culture of saving electrical energy is a habit that must be cultivated in the community. On the other hand, energy-saving behavior cannot be realized massively without a support system that can control energy use. With these concerns, it is necessary to develop a method that encourages a culture of saving electrical energy. This paper proposes a system that supports active energy efficiency methods that can support an energy-efficient culture. This system is an electric power monitoring system that is integrated with a smart electrical panel that continuously monitors the use of electrical energy and can control electrical loads automatically, record electricity usage, provide comprehensive reports and analyze energy usage. The method used to carry out this research is research and development. This research has produced a prototype of electrical power control and monitoring system that has a smart panel based on a raspberry PI 3 and PZEM-004t power energy meter. The monitoring system performs and executes automatic control of electrical loads. The system can also provide reports in the form of data monitoring in daily, weekly, monthly or annual period. From the test results, it can be concluded that the system can work well. This research is expected to contribute to providing a system that can support government efforts in saving energy.

49AISNP: a study on the ancestry inference of the three ethnic groups in the north of East Asia.

The ancestry inference of unknown samples plays an important role in forensic investigations. An ideal panel is a set of few markers with high ancestry inference accuracy. We collected 428 AISNP (ancestry informative SNP) that can distinguish the three ethnic groups in north of East Asia, including northern Han, Japanese and Korean. The genotypes of 428 AISNP in 307 samples from these three ethnic groups were obtained. Based on the information of Fst value and clustering by allele frequency, the panel was further refined into 49AISNP smart panel. Inference accuracy of the 49AISNP was verified by the leave-one-out method with 307 samples, and the results showed that its accuracy was higher than 99% in the northern Han, Japanese and Korean ethnic groups. This panel can also be helpful to further distinguish the ethnic sub-groups in East Asia.

Experimental study of smart sound absorber using multimode electromechanical coupling control in the low-frequency range

To construct a smart sound absorber in the low-frequency range with a wide control band, a piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) shunted with multiple resonance circuit is attached onto a micro-perforated panel (MPP) to perform as a smart sound absorber. The absorption can be controlled by the shunt circuit parameters conveniently. This smart micro-perforated panel (MPP) is investigated experimentally to explore the feasibility and design procedure in practical use. Based on the coupling among the acoustical, electrical, and mechanical fields, the proposed broadband sound absorber can achieve good acoustic performance on subwavelength scales. The electrical response of the shunt circuit is tested with a Network Analyzer. The acoustic performance of the smart sound absorber is measured in an impedance tube with the two-microphone transfer function method. The experimental results validate that the shunt circuit can resonate with the PZT patch at multiple frequencies, and hence improve the sound absorption of the smart absorber at these frequencies.

Wave propagation analysis of the higher-order nanopanel with laminated composite core and magneto-electro-elastic face sheets via nonlocal strain gradient theory

In the current report, wave propagation analysis of a sandwich doubly curved nanopanel considering a laminated composite core and a couple of face sheets of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) in the framework of nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is investigated. The higher-order-shear-deformable (HSD) model is employed to obtain the formulation of strain–stress equations. Maxwell equations are employed for modeling the behaviors of MEE materials. By considering Hamiltonian, the current model’s governing equations have been extracted. Afterward, in order to analyze the influence of wavenumber, inserted ampere, inserted voltage, the laminated structure’s geometry, nano-sized mechanics impact on the smart sandwich nano-scaled panel’s phase velocity, a parametric study has been considered. It is also observed that by raising the electric potential, the number of critical waves could be likely to be increased. A useful suggestion of this study is that the influence of the magnetic field on the phase velocity is more than the influence of the electric field of the MEE panel on the wave propagation of the smart panel. Besides, the nonlocal parameter and phase velocity have an exponential negative relation, while the length scale parameter and phase velocity have a linear direct relation.

A smart dynamic crowd evacuation system for exhibition centers

Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of finding the safest evacuation route in a multi-exit exhibition center while the fire hazard spreads. We first propose a system composed of sensor nodes to collect pertinent safety data. We present a real-time dynamic evacuation system that considers the changing conditions in the risks associated with each hallway segment in terms of walking distance, heat, two major asphyxiant fire gases and congestion. Our system activates smart panels placed at major junctions of the hallways to guide evacuees towards the appropriate exit by displaying the proper escape direction. This work can pave the way towards the development of next-generation smart exhibition centers, where crowd safety is among the top priorities.

Optimal core design of MR based smart panels subject of flutter instability

This study deals with aeroelastic and flutter analyses of the partially treated MR sandwich plates in the supersonic airflow. It also identifies the optimal locations of the MR segments in the core layer, which results in maximum flutter boundaries of the MR sandwich plate, in response to the airflow. Classical and Mindlin plate theories, Hamilton’s principle and first order linear piston theory are employed to derive the governing equations of motion of the structure. The assumed mode technique is used to solve the equations and specify the instability bounds of the sandwich plate. An experiment on the dynamic characteristics of the partially treated sandwich plate incorporating MR fluid as the core layer is conducted to demonstrate validity of the developed model. Then, the effect of number and locations of the MR pockets on the flutter suppression of the sandwich plates is comprehensively investigated. Also, an optimization problem is formulated to identify the optimal locations of the MR treatments, which maximize flutter boundaries of the structure in different levels of the magnetic flux density.

Smart panel with piezoelectric patches connected to adaptive multi-resonant shunts for broadband vibration control

This paper presents a simulation study on the broadband control of flexural vibration of thin panels equipped with piezoelectric patches connected to adaptive multi-resonant shunts. The study considers the broadband flexural response of a thin rectangular aluminum panel exposed to a spatial and time stochastic excitation. The panel is equipped with thin square piezoelectric patches connect to shunts encompassing multiple parallel branches formed by RLC components connected in series. The capacitance C of each branch is kept fixed, whereas the inductance L and resistance R are adapted so as each branch maximizes the vibration power absorption from the resonant response of a specific flexural mode of the panel. The study proposes an on-line tuning approach, where the N-branches of each shunt are adapted sequentially to maximize the vibration absorption from the resonant responses of N neighbor flexural modes. The vibration power absorption of each branch is estimated from the electric power absorbed by the shunt. In this way a local tuning system can be implemented, which adapts on-line the shunts to control the flexural response produced by a group of flexural modes of the panel resonating in a given frequency band.

Comparison of smart panels for tonal and broadband vibration and sound transmission active control

ABSTRACT This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the principal features of smart panels equipped with feed-forward and feedback systems for the control of the flexural response and sound transmission due respectively to tonal and to stochastic broadband disturbances. The smart panels are equipped with two types of actuators: first, distributed piezoelectric actuators formed either by small piezoelectric patches or large piezoelectric films bonded on the panels and second, point actuators formed by proof-mass electromagnetic transducers. Also, the panels encompass three types of sensors: first, small capacitive microphone sensors placed in front of the panels; second, distributed piezoelectric sensors formed by large piezoelectric films bonded on the panels and third point sensors formed by miniaturized accelerometers. The proposed systems implement both single-channel and multi-channel feed-forward and feedback control architectures. The study shows that, the vibration and sound radiation control performance of both feed-forward and feedback systems critically depends on the sensor-actuator configurations.

2-In-1 smart panels: Embedding phased array patch antennas within satellite structures

The increasing commercialization of space missions call for versatile subsystems that make efficient use of limited spacecraft volumes. Smart panel technology that provides both mechanical and electrical functionality is a beneficial solution to spacecraft miniaturization. Combining different subsystems that are usually developed independently of each other is an innovative approach to space system design. Embedding antennas within satellite structural components reduces the overhead required for integrating numerous systems and maximizes space for the payload and other critical instruments. Microstrip patch antennas provide a low profile, light weight, small-dimension and easily manufactured solution to small satellite communication. The phased array functionality of the antenna enables dynamic beamforming for maximum versatility. In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of an embedded phased array microstrip patch antenna with a hybrid composite structural panel comprised of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite (CFC), Polyethylene fiber reinforcedpolyethylene composite (PFC) (HDPE), and aluminium, with SU-8 as the antenna substrate. The embedded antenna panels are designed to be adaptable for any function and size required by the end user. We present the design of the smart panel antenna modelled using electromagnetic simulation software. The CFC and PFC materials are modelled with approximations of their electrical properties derived from experimental S-parameter and impedance measurements. The simulated antenna's radiation performance such as half power beamwidth, efficiency and gain are evaluated. The performance characteristics of the simulated antenna design are used to evaluate its application and feasibility in systems integration, and different uses in case studies including radar mapping spacecraft, satellite constellations, and CubeSats.