Smart City Concept Research Articles

Smart City : Upaya Pembangunan Kota Surabaya

The city of Surabaya is trying to encourage the Smart City concept through developing adequate infrastructure, structuring an online-based government system and creating application innovations for public service processes. This research aims to analyze and study Smart City as an effort to develop the city of Surabaya. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques, namely interviews, observation and documentation. Data collection was carried out by compiling data obtained from LKJ and RPJDP of Surabaya City. The research results show that Bappeda Litbang plays a crucial role in implementing Smart City and Disperpusip plays a role in improving human resources in the city of Surabaya. Both OPDs have the same factors driving the success of Smart City, namely a strong commitment from the Mayor of Surabaya and policies that support developing long-term strategies related to Smart City implementation. On the other hand, the implementation of Smart City in Bappeda R&D has an impact on the HDI value of Surabaya City, which in 2019 increased by 82.22%. Meanwhile, Disperpusip has an influence on the IKM value of 95.36% with category A. Thus, the success achieved has a positive impact on the development of the City of Surabaya, so that the implementation of Smart City in the City of Surabaya does not only focus on the government, but also on cooperation and commitment from the community.

Usage of Airborne LiDAR Data and High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images in Implementing the Smart City Concept

The cities of the future should not only be smart, but also smart green, for the well-being of their inhabitants, the biodiversity of their ecosystems and for greater resilience to climate change. In a smart green city, the location of urban green spaces should be based on an analysis of the ecosystem services they provide. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate information technology tools that process data from different sources to support the decision-making process by analysing ecosystem services. This article presents the methodology used to develop an urban green space planning tool, including its main challenges and solutions. Based on the integration of data from ALS, CLMS, topographic data, and orthoimagery, an urban green cover model and a 3D tree model were generated to complement a smart-city model with comprehensive statistics. The applied computational algorithms allow for reports on canopy volume, CO2 reduction, air pollutants, the effect of greenery on average temperature, interception, precipitation absorption, and changes in biomass. Furthermore, the tool can be used to analyse potential opportunities to modify the location of urban green spaces and their impact on ecosystem services. It can also assist urban planners in their decision-making process.

Kota Berkelanjutan: Analisis Efektivitas Penerapan Smart Mobility dan Smart Living untuk Menciptakan Happy City di Kota Jakarta

Contemporary technological developments have given birth to a smart city concept that is able to respond to urban problems through the use of information and communication technology. On the other hand, aspects of happiness indicators have become part of city performance, so studies have emerged that link happiness with the quality of life of city residents. In line with the sustainable city development paradigm, in recent years, the Jakarta Special Capital Region government has developed public transportation such as commuterline, Transjakarta, MRT and LRT which is supported by technology in payment systems and departure schedules to improve services for its users. However, it is not enough to provide satisfaction for users due to problems with ticket sensors, payment via vending machines and inappropriate arrival time management. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness by comparing the plans that have been determined with the results in implementing two smart city pillars, namely smart living and smart mobility to create a Happy City in the city of Jakarta. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with observation and the use of questionnaires. From the results of the discussion, it was found that the majority of users stated that it had not been achieved or that development was still needed in terms of waiting time range, ease of technology, security and comfort. Meanwhile, city residents as users stated that they were quite happy, showing satisfaction with comfort and security.

Integrating Sustainability: Unveiling the Quadruple Helix - A Study on Pre-development of Smart City Strategy

Urban centers, irrespective of their size, grapple with critical issues concerning urban transport, parking, and environmental preservation. Finding solutions to these challenges requires proactive measures, such as research initiatives yielding practical applications. Sustainable innovation flourishes through collaborative efforts across diverse sectors, encouraging mutual learning and optimal solution generation. Embracing the principles of sustainability, one promising approach lies in the Smart City concept adoption. This study delves into the significance of the Smart City paradigm, emphasizing the integration of the Quadruple Helix model, with a specific focus on the involvement of the fourth helix – society. The paper explores societal engagement in shaping Smart City strategies, as highlighted in a pre-development phase questionnaire survey, emphasizing the pivotal role of societal involvement in formulating sustainable urban strategies.

On the move: indicators of urban mobility – smart city concept “City of Varaždin”

The global trend of urbanization significantly impacts the environment and climate, presenting challenges for scientists and urban planning experts in addressing mobility issues. Sustainable transport systems are crucial for the continued development of urban environments. This paper focuses on the example of Varaždin, highlighting Smart Mobility as a key indicator. The emphasis on mobility indicators in the transport sector is essential for obtaining consistent and comparable data, establishing a knowledge base, facilitating communication with the environment, identifying best practices, and monitoring project implementation and overall progress. It's important to note that the concept of a smart city is dynamic and evolves with technological advancements even in traffic sector.

Mapping Information Technology Adoption in Smart Cities: A Literature Review and Research Themes

In the growing digital era, Information Technology (IT) has created major breakthroughs in various fields, before finally playing a significant role in the Smart City (SC) concept as has been proven in many studies. Previous studies have shown that IT implementation in SC varies greatly as it has to be customized to the SC domain. Thus, it is necessary to map the feasible IT adoption for each SC domain. Here, we conducted a literature review and found several research themes of IT adoption in SC. Our findings include: (i) IT adoption in SC, and (ii) SC domains. In this study, a literature review was conducted manually on journals that examined IT adoption in SC and SC domains. The extraction and synthesis process results identified several research themes, including Geographic Information Systems, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Analytics, and Wireless Sensor Networks. Research questions are posed in each theme, which can be helpful to insights for future research.

Audit Ethics as A Moderating Variable in Auditor Quality Assessment

Urban regions face numerous challenges in implementing regional autonomy. The smart city concept has been implemented by cities in various countries to tackle these issues. This article aims to comprehend and assess the political laws selected by the Indonesian government to address the challenges of implementing regional autonomy in urban areas using smart city concepts and indicators. The research method employed was normative research through a statutory regulations approach, in addition to a conceptual approach. The research material was secondary data comprising primary legal materials as well as secondary legal materials amassed via online and offline research at the library. The data was then analyzed in a descriptive manner. The analysis results demonstrate that numerous Indonesian cities have introduced smart city indicators. However, these indicators lack a legal foundation referencing smart city standards. The absence of specific regulations for smart cities in Indonesia has resulted in unstructured and immeasurable implementation. In Indonesia, the closest legal regulations or policies to the concept of a smart city are those outlined in Government Regulation Number 38 of 2017 concerning Innovation. Going forward, it is necessary to establish legal guidelines that contain specific standards for smart cities, from inception to implementation, in order to enhance regional autonomy in urban areas.

Enabling Technologies for Next-Generation Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Review and Research Directions

The concept of smart cities, which aim to enhance the quality of urban life through innovative technologies and policies, has gained significant momentum in recent years. As we approach the era of next-generation smart cities, it becomes crucial to explore the key enabling technologies that will shape their development. This work reviews the leading technologies driving the future of smart cities. The work begins by introducing the main requirements of different smart city applications; then, the enabling technologies are presented. This work highlights the transformative potential of the Internet of things (IoT) to facilitate data collection and analysis to improve urban infrastructure and services. As a complementary technology, distributed edge computing brings computational power closer to devices, reducing the reliance on centralized data centers. Another key technology is virtualization, which optimizes resource utilization, enabling multiple virtual environments to run efficiently on shared hardware. Software-defined networking (SDN) emerges as a pivotal technology that brings flexibility and scalability to smart city networks, allowing for dynamic network management and resource allocation. Artificial intelligence (AI) is another approach for managing smart cities by enabling predictive analytics, automation, and smart decision making based on vast amounts of data. Lastly, the blockchain is introduced as a promising approach for smart cities to achieve the required security. The review concludes by identifying potential research directions to address the challenges and complexities brought about by integrating these key enabling technologies.

Improvement of the Efficiency of Urban Management within the Concepts of Smart City and Sustainable Development (As Exemplified by Cities in Kazakhstan)

The idea of urban development corresponds to the concept of a smart city and is based on resource savings or more favorable benefit-cost ratios in the long term using a systematic approach to solving a specific problem. In addition, it is necessary to address such challenges in the interests of all city residents with due regard to the possibilities and level of management efficiency. The study aims to identify opportunities for improving the efficiency of managing an urban resource potential within the concept of a smart city. The article considers various approaches to the concept of smart city. In particular, it presents the 4T concept of urban resources based on the relationship between the development of a smart city and its resource potential. Based on the analysis of five large cities in the Republic of Kazakhstan, reporting and strategic documents of local government authorities, a survey of their residents, and targeted interviews with local government employees, the authors of the article have studied their perception of innovations, expectations from their implementation, and manifestations of smart management in these local government bodies. This allowed the authors to evaluate the results obtained within the concept of a smart city and the 4T resource potential.

Dynamic effect of smartness on environmental sustainability: Based on PVAR model for 72 Chinese cities

With the continuous implementation of the smart city concept, smart cities have become an important tool for the country's new urbanization. Therefore, it is of great concern whether smart cities can help promote environmental sustainability. Most of the existing studies mainly discuss whether the proposed smart policies are effective for environmental sustainability, but the specific impact paths are not clear and long-term dynamic implications for policy have not yet been explored in depth
 This study takes 72 cities in China as an example, and divides the impact path of smart cities into four aspects: internet technology, science and technology innovation(STI), smart environment and smart people's livelihood. Environmental sustainability is measured by energy consumption and air pollution, and the cities are divided into characteristic cities according to resource endowment and economic development, and the dynamic impact on environmental sustainability is explored based on the Panel Vector Auto-Regression (PVAR) model. The results indicate that STI has a negative effect on air pollution in all cities in the early stage and a positive effect in the later stage, with the overall effect being more significant in developed cities. Internet development has an impact on air pollution control in developed cities, but the effect is positive in the early stage and negative in the later stage. STI and Internet technology have very significant results on energy consumption reduction. But for developed cities, the effect of STI on energy consumption is positive. This paper provides policy suggestions for the sustainable development of environment in cities with different characteristics in China from the perspective of smart city development.

Smart urbanism, citizen-centric approaches and integrated environmental services in transit-oriented development in Jakarta, Indonesia

This research elucidates the intricate landscape of citizen preferences within Jakarta's Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) domain, navigating through environmental services integration and smart city initiatives. With Jakarta experiencing exponential urbanization, TOD is a pivotal strategy to amalgamate residential, commercial, and recreational spaces, seamlessly coupled with effective public transportation systems. However, achieving optimal urban living within TODs demands a deep understanding of Jakarta's citizens' diverse and nuanced preferences and needs. This study fills significant gaps in the existing literature by investigating citizen preferences' heterogeneity and willingness to pay (MWTP) for integrated environmental services in TODs. Employing advanced methodologies like the Random Parameter Logit (RPL) and the Latent Class Model (LCM), this research offers a granular insight into citizens' varied preferences and their financial commitments toward enhanced environmental services. The insights derived have been crucial in formulating pragmatic recommendations for refining TOD management strategies and policies in Jakarta, ultimately contributing to urban landscapes' equitable and sustainable development. Through a detailed exploration of preference heterogeneity and the integration of smart city concepts within TOD frameworks, this study paves the way for more inclusive, innovative, and citizen-centric urban development paradigms.

Smart Cities: Challenges and Opportunities

The concept of smart cities has received a significant interest recently among researchers. United Nations reports that more than half of the world population currently lives in urban environment, and is estimated to increase to about 70% by 2050. This trend needs serious attention by governments to create solutions that will make sure that their citizens will continue to have sustainable and improved quality of life. Smart cities use all the available technologies to achieve that goal and to improve the efficiency of their operations. This massive undertaking of making existing cities smart and building the new smart cities, comes with many opportunities as well as some challenges. Digitization of services, smart operations, and connectivity are essential parts of smart cities. The smart cities will certainly promote cohesive, connected, healthier, and happier communities. This paper elaborates the opportunities and the challenges in moving the smart cities concept forward.

Integration of 3D Scanning and Augmented Reality (AR) Technology in East Kalimantan Furniture Products in E-Commerce

The creative furniture industry in East Kalimantan faces the challenge of less effective online marketing in e-commerce. In 2018, there were more than 370 furniture entrepreneurs in the region, but only 37% of their total production managed to reach the market. According to projections from Markets and Markets, the market value of Augmented Reality (AR) in e-commerce is expected to grow by 34% between 2020 and 2025. To overcome this problem, the use of 3D object configuration visual technology and AR presents a better solution. promising solution. This technology can improve product presentation, create a more interactive and realistic shopping experience, and reduce the environmental impact of e-commerce due to the re-shipment of non-conforming products. The main objective of the research is to assess the effectiveness of product communication, the ease of the purchasing process, and the level of consumer trust in the product. This visual method of 3D object configuration combines 3D scanning to produce detailed and realistic 3D images. This research uses a sprint design method based on design thinking, which involves co-creation to refine ideas. Next, a prototype design was developed with a focus on aspects of the user interface and user experience, fostering intelligent interaction between users and their environment, thus contributing to the progress of the Smart City concept in IKN Nusantara.

Legal Politics of Optimising the Implementation of Regional Autonomy in Urban Areas: Perspective of Smart City Concept

Urban regions face numerous challenges in implementing regional autonomy. The smart city concept has been implemented by cities in various countries to tackle these issues. This article aims to comprehend and assess the political laws selected by the Indonesian government to address the challenges of implementing regional autonomy in urban areas using smart city concepts and indicators. The research method employed was normative research through a statutory regulations approach, in addition to a conceptual approach. The research material was secondary data comprising primary legal materials as well as secondary legal materials amassed via online and offline research at the library. The data was then analyzed in a descriptive manner. The analysis results demonstrate that numerous Indonesian cities have introduced smart city indicators. However, these indicators lack a legal foundation referencing smart city standards. The absence of specific regulations for smart cities in Indonesia has resulted in unstructured and immeasurable implementation. In Indonesia, the closest legal regulations or policies to the concept of a smart city are those outlined in Government Regulation Number 38 of 2017 concerning Innovation. Going forward, it is necessary to establish legal guidelines that contain specific standards for smart cities, from inception to implementation, in order to enhance regional autonomy in urban areas.

Smart City Development Strategy of Wonogiri Regency

Technology transformation in the smart city concept begins with the implementation of policy transfer to local governments. Wonogiri Regency is one of the districts that implement smart city policy transfer from the central smart city policy. So it is necessary to analyse regional strategies in implementing smart cities. Regional smart city strategy analysis is an analysis carried out to assess the strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats in order to get a picture of the capacity and capability of the region in implementing smart city development programmes. This research aims to analyse the smart city development strategy of Wonogiri Regency. With the regional strategy analysis, Wonogiri Regency can map the right programme according to the dimensions of smart city. So that the implementation of this smart city can run smoothly in accordance with the goals of the Indonesian smart city movement. This study took a locus in Wonogiri Regency, which has a sufficient SPBE index and was chosen to be one of the implementers of the Indonesian smart city movement. Researchers used qualitative methods to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Wonogiri Regency to develop appropriate strategies for these conditions. Researchers found that the smart city strategy is combined with other strategies to solve the problems of the Wonogiri community. The smart city action plan is formed from action plans for smart governance, smart environment, smart society; smart living; smart economy, and smart branding. The action plan must adjust to the strategy formed. The focus of the Action Plan from Wonogiri Regency is to provide integrated services ranging from data to applications.

A Smart City Is a Safe City: Analysis and Evaluation of the State of Crime and Safety in Polish Cities

The concept of a smart city is based on the extensive multidimensional use of information and communication technologies to create the most favorable living conditions for residents and visitors. It is also important to create favorable conditions for economic activity while respecting the environment. One of the most important dimensions of this concept is security in the broadest sense, particularly that which concerns urban residents. This article addresses this subject by analyzing crime and determining the state of safety in 16 Polish provincial cities between 2013–2022. The measure of this state was chosen to be a set of indicators characterizing a number of registered criminal and economic offenses in the studied cities. On this basis, values of the indices of the dynamics of change for these offenses in individual cities in the analyzed period were determined. In the next stage, the number of offenses was compared to the number of residents of the cities under study and the indices of concentration for total offenses (LQT) and for individual types of offenses (LQn) were determined. Based on these results, the studied cities were divided into four concentration levels. Afterward, these results were used for a multi-criteria analysis of the safety of studied cities, which was carried out using the TOPSIS method. The calculated values of the safety index (Pi) formed the basis for creating a ranking and specifying security levels of studied cities. The results indicate a wide variation among the cities in terms of safety levels. Gdańsk, Bydgoszcz, Olsztyn and Zielona Góra were found to be the safest cities, while Szczecin was found to be the least safe. The methodology developed and the results obtained show the validity of conducting comparative research in areas relevant to the implementation of the smart cities concept. The knowledge gained can be used to build strategies and conduct policies with regard to improving safety in cities, especially those aspiring to be smart cities.

The intelligent decision model for determine the best path of transportation on smart city using random forest algorithm and bayesian optimization (RF-BO)

This study investigates various approaches and algorithms in the context of object detection and best path determination for managing vehicular traffic in an urban environment, particularly in Palembang city. This research is a step towards the development of smart city concept. In the object detection analysis, we applied the YOLOv3 method on video footage to identify vehicles, resulting in mAP accuracy rates between 72.72% to 79.35% for both motorcycle and car categories. The total detection accuracy of the model reached 76.03%. Next, we adopted the Random Forest algorithm to classify traffic conditions into three classes: smooth, moderate, and congested. After optimizing the algorithm with Bayesian Optimization, the model accuracy increased from 89% to 92%, while the classification accuracy increased from 91.66% to 92.36%. Results from the application of the A* Heuristic Search algorithm revealed that lane 5 (from SMK PGRI 1 Palembang to Bom Baru Jl Perintis Kemerdekaan Arah Charitas (STMIK MBC)) was selected most frequently in 9 out of 12time trials. The selection of this route was based on an evaluation of traffic levels that tended to be "smooth" and the shortest travel distance compared to other alternative routes. The decision in choosing the optimal path also considers the road width factor, where wider roads have the potential to reduce traffic density and the risk of congestion.

Measuring Heat Stress for Human Health in Cities: A Low-Cost Prototype Tested in a District of Valencia, Spain.

Nowadays, the measurement of heat stress indices is of principal importance due to the escalating impact of global warming. As temperatures continue to rise, the well-being and health of individuals are increasingly at risk, which can lead to a detrimental effect on human performance and behavior. Hence, monitoring and assessing heat stress indices have become necessary for ensuring the safety and comfort of individuals. Thermal comfort indices, such as wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), Tropical Summer Index (TSI), and Predicted Heat Strain (PHS), as well as parameters like mean radiant temperature (MRT), are typically used for assessing and controlling heat stress conditions in working and urban environments. Therefore, measurement and monitoring of these parameters should be obtained for any environment in which people are constantly exposed. Modern cities collect and publish this relevant information following the Smart City concept. To monitor large cities, cost-effective solutions must be developed. This work presents the results of a Heat Stress Monitoring (HSM) system prototype network tested in the Benicalap-Ciutat Fallera district in Valencia, Spain. The scope of this work is to design, commission, and test a low-cost prototype that is able to measure heat stress indices. The Heat Stress Monitoring system comprises a central unit or receiver and several transmitters communicating via radiofrequency. The transmitter accurately measures wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar irradiation, and black globe temperature. The receiver has a 4G modem that sends the data to an SQL database in the cloud. The devices were tested over one year, showing that radio data transmission is reliable up to 700 m from the receiver. The system's power supply, composed of a Photovoltaic panel and Lithium-ion batteries, provided off-grid capabilities to the transmitter, with a tested backup autonomy of up to 36 days per charge. Then, indicators such as WBGT, TSI, and MRT were successfully estimated using the data collected by the devices. The material cost of a 12-point network is around EUR 2430 with a competitive price of EUR 190 per device.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Circular Economies through Sustainable Smart Cities

The rapid pace of urbanization has presented cities worldwide with a range of complex issues pertaining to the management of resources, reduction of waste, and promotion of sustainable practices. The concepts of circular economies and sustainable smart cities have arisen as viable solutions, converging to establish a revolutionary framework for the future of urban living. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis using literature focusing on the past ten years (2013–2022) of research on the circular economy and smart cities using VOSviewer. The most frequently used Scopus database was used to extract bibliometric data. 163 articles were considered for the analysis. This study utilizes co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation analysis and bibliographic coupling of author keywords while grap0hically mapping the bibliographic material using VOS viewer software Version 1.6.19. The bibliographic analysis reveals that the significant themes published in journals revolve around “circular economy”, “Sustainable development”, “sustainability”, “smart city”, “waste management”, “recycling”, “Sustainability”, “climate change”, “smart technologies”, “municipal solid waste”, “renewable energy”, and “planning”. The results would provide a robust base for more research in this area. The research work paves the way for future research in the related areas and issues of the domain, as it is an emerging issue in research, and many problems are untapped.

TRANSFORMASI PERKOTAAN MELALUI KOLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE DALAM PROGRAM TANGERANG GEMILANG BERBASIS SMART CITY

Smart City is considered to be an innovation in solving the complexity of urban problems, requiring cooperation between government, society, the private sector and stakeholders. This research aims to understand the collaboration process between various stakeholders carried out by the Tangerang Regency Government through the Tangerang Gemilang application in realizing the Smart City concept. Qualitative research methods with a case study strategy were used, and data was collected using literature studies, interviews and documentation. The research results explain that Tangerang Gemilang has succeeded in providing efficient and easily accessible public services via digital platforms. The Tangerang Gemilang application allows the public to access public information, submit requests, and report problems by reducing complicated permits and increasing transparency. Through a collaborative governance approach, this program involves several actors in decision making and policy implementation, including government, society and the private sector. Active community participation is realized through the use of applications as a communication channel between the community and the government. Collaborative Governance is an important foundation in improving the quality of Smart City-based urban services in Tangerang Regency.