Small Specimens Research Articles

Experimental and modeling investigation on anisotropic plastic flow of metal plates under nonproportional loading conditions

The plastic deformation behavior of metal plates has been proved to be affected by loading paths. Plastic flow is a critical component in the mechanical description of plastic deformation, like yield and hardening. In this work, the anisotropic plastic flow of two metal plates (16MnCr5 and S420MC) under non-proportional loading conditions was investigated. Large specimens manufactured along different orientations were pre-tensioned up to various strain levels; subsequently, small uniaxial tensile specimens were cut from the pre-tensioned specimens along different orientations with the interval of 15°, and then loaded to rupture. Meanwhile, the r-value, a measure of anisotropic plastic flow, was recorded. Result shows that for the studied plates which had constant r-value in the monotonic uniaxial tensile tests, a downward evolution of the r-value against plastic strain was observed when the Schmitt angle of two stage loading directions was greater than 90°. As the plastic strain in the subsequent loading stage accumulated, the r-value dropped from a higher level to its original level within a strain range about 6.0%. Based on the transient r-value evolution, a HEXAH-based evolutionary plastic potential model was constructed within the framework of non-associated flow (non-AF) theory. In the model, a local ellipse-shape distortion of the plastic potential surface was defined during plastic deformation process and when the Schmitt angel exceeded 90°, such distortion caused a downward evolution of the r-value in the subsequent deformation. The calibration result indicates that the model could reproduce the transient r-value response relevant to loading path change. The proposed evolutionary plastic potential model can be applied together with different anisotropic hardening models in the non-AF theory to give a detailed description of the plastic deformation behavior and hopefully provide a solution for the accurate simulation of the complex sheet metal forming process.

Mechanical Properties of Wooden Structural Members from a Historical Japanese Temple Under Renovation – and the Effects of Cross-Sectional Voids and Aging

ABSTRACT Using wooden structural members removed from a 500-year-old Japanese temple under renovation as specimens, the effects on the mechanical properties (dynamic Young’s modulus) brought about by cross-sectional voids such as mortises and insect holes, were examined. Then, in order to examine the effects of aging, small clear specimens were cut from the removed structural members (aged wood) and store-bought timbers (new wood), and their mechanical properties (dynamic Young’s modulus, tensile Young’s modulus and tensile strength) were compared. When all voids were eliminated from the removed aged wood, the dynamic Young’s modulus increased by a factor of 1.55. The results for the small clear specimens showed that the dynamic Young’s modulus and tensile Young’s modulus were similar for the aged and new wood, while the tensile strength of the aged wood was 42% lower on average than that of the new wood. Although eliminating cross-sectional voids in the removed aged wood improved mechanical performance, it was found that even in a void-free condition, the tensile strength of wood decreased significantly due to aging, suggesting that the use-environment should be considered when reusing removed timber.

Assessing and tailoring the dilatometric profile of novel chromium‐free refractory raw materials

AbstractReducing dependence on toxic electrofused magnesia‐chromium aggregates is essential to meet demands for eco‐friendly refractories. Some authors have proposed alternative compositions using lab‐scale electrofusion to produce small specimens (< 0.5 g). However, this size limits the evaluation of key refractory properties, such as thermal expansion. As an alternative, this study explored conventional sintering at 1600°C for 5 h and both methods resulted in equivalent chemical and mineralogical compositions. Despite presenting higher porosity (24 % – 30 %) than the electrofused ones (4 % – 6 %), consistent microstructural parameters supported using the sintering route to produce larger specimens (5 × 5 × 25 mm3), which were assessed for dilatometric profiles up to 1400°C. Combined with thermodynamic calculations, Rietveld's refining of X‐ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetry, the dilatometric analysis indicated that spinel dissolution in the periclase causes a high expansion during heating, whereas its re‐precipitation results in shrinkage. As this behavior could result in challenges for the refractory lining design, computational thermodynamics was used to find additives capable of increasing this transition temperature. TiO₂ was identified as a promising candidate and its effectiveness was attested.

Stable-to-dynamic expansion of fault slipping area through fluid injection observed in laboratory experiments using a sub-meter scale specimen

In the field, locally applied fluid pressure can initiate fault slip, which may expand unstably over a wide area under certain conditions, generating elastic waves and inducing earthquakes. Therefore, examining the unstable expansion of the initial slip is important. However, reproducing this process in laboratory experiments, such as triaxial loading tests on small cylindrical specimens with inclined faults, is challenging. To achieve this, we prepared a sub-meter-scale cubic specimen, which was separated into two triangular prisms by a model fault. The specimen was subjected to biaxial compression of different magnitudes. A 2D array of strain gauges was embedded beneath the fault plane to measure the changes in shear strain with fault slip driven by fluid injection. Based on the experimental results, we discussed the features of the injection-induced fault slips that lead to earthquakes. The strain increased locally around the edge of the fault slipping area by approximately 10 με, which is equivalent to a shear stress of ~ 0.1 MPa. The fault slipping area first expanded gradually and then unstably beyond the fluid invasion area approximately 3 s after the slip was initiated. The unstable expansion of initial slips was suppressed by reducing the initial shear stress on the fault by 0.3 MPa. In this case, the initial shear stress was possibly too small for additional stress to accumulate at the edge of the fault-slipping area to overcome the static frictional strength of the fault. Our experimental study explicitly confirms that injection-induced aseismic slip can outpace the fluid migration front, finally leading up to a runaway rupture. It also confirms that the level of initial shear stress is important in controlling the rupture size under fluid injection.Graphical

A review on chloride induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures: lab and in situ investigation.

Reinforced concrete (RC) constructions are seriously threatened by chloride-induced corrosion (CIC) and carbonation, which can result in structural degradation, safety issues, and financial losses. Electrochemical methods and microstructural analysis tests are some of the laboratory techniques used to examine key elements of CIC, such as the impact of different variables and the efficacy of mitigation solutions. In situ studies that make use of non-destructive testing, chloride profiling, and half-cell potential measurements offer important new insights into the long-term performance and causes of RC structure deterioration in real-world circumstances. Non-destructive approaches for CIC detection are emerging these days and provide fruitful results. Studies have focused on the use of these approaches for CIC detection on small specimens in the lab as well as on full-scale experiments in the field. This review covers both in situ monitoring and laboratory studies to provide a thorough analysis of CIC.

Rediscovery of Microbrachida Bierig, 1939, description of a new species from the Brazilian Amazon and its potential for biological control (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae).

The genus Microbrachida was described by Alexander Bierig based on one tiny rove beetle. Since then, it has not been studied. Recently, a set of small rove beetle specimens were collected in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon, where they occur foraging mushrooms that grow on logs of cultivated trees. These mushrooms cause an infection known as witches' broom disease on those plants. Here, we redescribe Microbrachida and describe a new species in it. We also provide images of the diagnostic characteristics of the genus (including scanning electron micrographs), a key to the New World genera of Gyrophaenina, a key to the species of Microbrachida and a preliminary discussion about the potential biological control of the new species.

Experimental investigation on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames with decoupled masonry infills: considering in-plane and out-of-plane load interaction effects

AbstractMasonry infills are frequently employed as both outer and inner partitions in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures due to their outstanding characteristics in terms of energy efficiency, fire resistance and sound isolation. However, common construction practice typically involves the mortar connection between masonry infills and RC frames. For this reason, the unforeseen frame-infill interaction takes part under seismic loading, which leads to severe and uncontrollable damage to masonry infills. This interaction also causes damage or even the collapse of the RC frames and thus of the whole structures. The poor performance of infilled RC frame structures in recent earthquake events is a strong motivation for the development of innovative engineering solutions, which aim to mitigate the detrimental effects of frame-infill interaction. This article introduces an innovative decoupling system founded on the concept of decoupling the RC frame from the masonry infill. The decoupling is achieved by inserting elastomeric material between the masonry infill and RC frame. The properly designed decoupling system allows infill activation only at high in-plane drifts. Simultaneously, it provides boundary conditions for seismic loads acting perpendicular to the infill plane. Firstly, the article explains the design of the masonry infill with the decoupling system and its installation. Afterwards, the results of small specimen tests carried out to determine the load-bearing capacity of the decoupling system are presented. Furthermore, the article discusses the findings of an extensive experimental campaign conducted on nine real-size RC frames with decoupled infills subjected to separate and combined in-plane and out-of-plane loadings. In addition to different loading types, various infill configurations are considered – solid infill, infill with centric window, and infill with centric door opening. Finally, the experimental results of RC frames with decoupled infills are compared with the experimental results of traditionally infilled RC frames, which were tested within the framework of the same project. The thorough evaluation and comparison of the experimental findings demonstrate the significant improvement of seismic performance of infilled RC frames if the decoupling system is applied.

Advancements in mass spectrometry-based proteomics: anew era in pathology research and diagnostics.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is rapidly transforming pathology research and diagnostics by enabling comprehensive studies of protein expression and post-translational modifications (PTMs). This article discusses recent advancements in MS-based proteomics, focusing on emerging technologies in sample preparation, MS instrumentation, and data analysis. These developments are scrutinized for their applications in clinical cohort studies and molecular pathology diagnostics. The article reviews innovations in automated sample preparation, chromatography systems, advanced MS technologies, and proteomic data analysis in the context of pathology. Specific applications such as liquid biopsy, spike-in heavy peptide panels, immunopeptidomics, and PTM screening are highlighted alongside opportunities for data integration. Recent technological improvements have significantly increased the throughput, precision, and scope of proteomic studies, enabling the analysis of large clinical cohorts and small specimens with unprecedented sensitivity. Advanced MS techniques have broadened applications, opening new avenues for discovery and diagnosis of marker proteins and therapeutic targets. Advancements in MS-based proteomics have created new opportunities in clinical research and diagnostics. By facilitating more comprehensive and integrated analyses of proteomes, these technologies are set to play apivotal role in the future of personalized medicine and pathology research.

Analiza bočnoga posmika šuplje ploče s bočnim zupcima na temelju konstitucijske simulacije kohezijske sile

Herein, based on mortise–tenon hollow slabs, a side-toothed hollow slab structure is proposed for easier lateral connections. Side-tooth structures of both the V- and W-side teeth were constructed. By conducting shear tests on small specimens with different side-tooth shapes, a cohesive constitutive model of epoxy adhesive, which was selected as the inter-tooth bonding material, was developed. The bonding interface was simulated with a zero-thickness epoxy adhesive by using the Voronoi mathematical model for random unit division. A plane micromechanical finite element simulation model was developed using the Abaqus software to analyse the failure modes and shear strength of the hollow slabs with two side-tooth structures under shear action, and the corresponding shear tests were conducted for verification. In the V-side teeth structure, the outer concrete lost its strength earlier and exited the work process, with the height of the cracking shear surface at complete failure being approximately half of the beam height. The W-side teeth joint structure did not exhibit a significant early strength loss during shearing, with the complete shear failure surface being approximately 4/5 of the beam height. The simulation analysis showed larger crack widths during failure in the former and smaller widths in the latter.

Bayesian electron density determination from sparse and noisy single-molecule X-ray scattering images.

Single molecule x-ray scattering experiments using free-electron lasers hold the potential to resolve biomolecular structures and structural ensembles. However, molecular electron density determination has so far not been achieved because of low photon counts, high noise levels, and low hit rates. Most approaches therefore focus on large specimen like entire viruses, which scatter sufficiently many photons to allow orientation determination of each image. Small specimens like proteins, however, scatter too few photons for the molecular orientations to be determined. Here, we present a rigorous Bayesian approach to overcome these limitations, additionally taking into account intensity fluctuations, beam polarization, irregular detector shapes, incoherent scattering, and background scattering. We demonstrate using synthetic scattering images that electron density determination of small proteins is possible in this extreme high noise Poisson regime. Tests on published virus data achieved the detector-limited resolution of 9 nm, using only 0.01% of the available photons per image.

Administration of Channa Striata Extract Restore Intestinal Damage of Intestinal Villi and Decrease TNF- Expression in Small Intestine of Malnutrition Mice Model

Hunger, starvation, and malnutrition are still major health problems in several world regions. Hunger and starvation lead to malnutrition and decrease the immune response, which causes several infectious diseases. In addition, the starving intestine can suppress the ability of villi to absorb nutrition, which can worsen this situation. Administration of protein, especially albumin, was expected to relieve intestinal damage. Channa striata or cork fish have been known to have high albumin content. This study aimed to determine whether the administration of Channa striata extracts can restore villi length and goblet cell number on small intestine villi of malnutrition mice and observe TNF-α expression on intestinal mucosa as an inflammation indicator. Twenty-four malnutrition mice models were divided into three groups: malnutrition mice, malnutrition mice with standard food, and malnutrition mice with standard food supplemented with Channa striata extract. On the fifth day, all mice were sacrificed to take small intestine specimens and examined microscopically. The slides were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin to evaluate goblet cells and villi length, and an immunohistochemistry assay was performed to evaluate TNF-α expression. This study showed that administering Channa striata extracts restore villi damage by increasing the number of goblet cells and villi length in the small intestine and reducing TNF-α expression on intestinal mucosa epithelia. Villi length, number of goblet cells, and TNF-α expression in malnutrition intestine mice showed results close to the normal value of these variables in healthy mice. This study shows that the administration of Channa striata extract can restore villi damage and decrease the inflammatory process in the small intestine of starving mice.

PAX5 and CD70 are expressed in thymic carcinoma but not in atypical thymoma (WHO type B3 thymoma): an immunohistochemical analysis of 60 cases

AimsThymic carcinoma and atypical thymoma (WHO type B3 thymoma) are unusual tumours the separation of which may be challenging in small biopsies. Both tumours consist of epithelioid tumour cells that...

Tensile strength of MgO-graphite based refractories: Effect of anisotropy and specimen size

Oxide-graphite refractories represent the new paradigm of materials for extreme environments since 1970's: materials that resist thanks to "in situ" microstructural changes. The analysis of post-mortem linings necessitates the use of small specimens because main microstructural changes occur within the matrix, exhibiting zonal distributions relatively small compared to maximum aggregate sizes. In this paper the minimized tensile strength of discs (diameter = 18 mm, width = 8 mm) tested in diametral compression is addressed for commercial materials representative of the typical microstructures. Effects of aggregate and graphite sizes, graphite anisotropy and size of the specimens on the quasi-brittle fracture of these heterogeneous materials are discussed.

8161 A Rare Case of Malignant Melanoma Metastatic to the Thyroid Gland

Abstract Disclosure: J. Ferri-Guerra: None. O. Abdulhussein: None. E. Kasper-Guerra: None. G. Madrigal Loria: None. L. El Hage: None. 69 yo female presented with neck swelling in 2014. TSH was normal. Thyroid ultrasound showed multiple nodules with a right 2.9 x 2.3 x 2.1 cm that was cold on subsequent thyroid uptake scan. FNA of the right nodule in 08/2014 showed malignant cells with spindle cell pattern thought to be medullary thyroid cancer. She was scheduled for total thyroidectomy but presented with small bowl obstruction prior to her surgery and was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma (BRAF +). Initial PET scan showed a 4.1 x 2.8 x 2.8 cm hypermetabolic right thyroid lobe lesion in addition to other multiple hypermetabolic lesions consistent with known melanoma. The thyroid FNA specimen correlated with the small bowel excision specimen and showed similar features diagnosing metastatic melanoma to the thyroid gland.She was started on ipilimumab with subsequent scan in 04/2015 showing increase in right thyroid mass size to 5.4 x 4.2 x 9 cm with mixed results of other metastatic locations. She was switched to pembrolizumab and later dobrafenib/trametinib in 05/2015. Imaging thereafter showing significant improvement including a decrease in the right thyroid nodule size to 1.6 cm x 2.5 cm x 2.4 cm with no hypermetabolic activity on further PET scans. Repeat thyroid ultrasound in 2021 showed multiple nodules with a 2.2 x 1.5 x 1 cm nodule in the right. Repeat FNA of the right nodule was benign. Last imaging in 2023 showed stable nodules. Conclusion: metastasis to thyroid gland from malignant melanoma is a rare finding and should be considered in rapidly growing thyroid nodules. These lesions can be treated with targeted therapy that can spare affected individuals surgery. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Examination of the effect of air gaps on impact sound insulation performance of dry-type double floor system

The dry-type double floor system is a floor finishing structure widely installed for apartments and offices in Japan. However, after installing the double floor system, it is found that the impact sound insulation performance using a heavy-weight impact source is usually reduced due to the resonance of the air layer between the floor panels and the concrete slab. To reduce this adverse effect, small air gaps are set between the floor panels and the surrounding walls. In this paper, an experimental study is conducted firstly. A small specimen including particle board, support legs and air gaps is made to examine the effect of air gaps experimentally. Then, the air gaps are built as a Maxwell model considering that the air gaps act as the orifice of air spring. The theoretical analysis is conducted to explain the mechanism of impact sound insulation of the double floor system with or without air gaps. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of air gaps with different dimensions on the impact sound insulation performance of the double floor system.

B-040 Direct Aspiration of Cryogenic Matrix Tubes on the Siemens Atellica System With Epic-Beaker Integration of External Barcode IDs for Analysis Small Volume Biobanked Specimens

Abstract Background Most core chemistry and immunochemistry clinical analyzers are designed for direct sampling of primary blood tubes with volumes ranging from 3.5-10 mL. This limits analysis of low volume pediatric specimens and biobanked aliquoted samples from clinical trials without manual technologist intervention. This work outlines a microsampling and data transmission scheme for analysis of 500 uL aliquots of biobanked serum collected for the Nutrition for Precision Health study powered by the NIH All of Us Research Program without relabeling secondary aliquot tubes after receipt. Methods Commercial plastic clip bearings sourced from IGUS (LCM-08-02) were used to stabilize the matrix tube in a standard 5 mL Sarstedt aliquot tube. 96-well format Matrix Tubes (ThermoFisher 3719-11) with pre-printed 10-digit side barcodes were programmed in the Atellica software as a custom false bottom tube with specifications height 75 mm, diameter 12 mm, bottom offset 41 mm and were loaded using a dedicated false bottom tray. Manifest files (.csv) containing the sample ID, clinical trials participant ID, collection date/time, age and sex were ingested into Epic via an Incoming Orders HL7 interface. Non-human patient records were generated using the participant ID as an external patient ID and patient name and calculating the Date of Birth based on the age in years given in the manifest file. Test orders were created based on assigned testing for the sample ID in the manifest. The sample ID corresponding the preprinted Matrix Tube barcode ID was inserted into the Epic container identifier field. Results Test orders were automatically transmitted to the Atellica Data Manger (ADM) allowing specimens to be run on the Atellica System (CH and IM modules) and results transmitted to Epic utilizing the established Data Innovations (DI) interface and processes used for patient samples without the need for Epic generated labels. Successful scanning and recognition of Matrix Tube barcodes was 100%. Complete aspiration of a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel, Lipid Panel, Iron, TIBC, hsCRP, insulin, and H, I, L indices occurred for 50% of samples tested without intervention. Approximately 250 uL of the 500 uL aliquot remained after aspiration of all tests (247.7 uL total volume) from the Matrix Tube. No probe crashes were observed despite the narrower 8 mm diameter of the Matrix Tubes versus the standard 12- or 13-mm diameter of primary blood collection tubes. Conclusions This Epic-DI-ADM data workflow and microsampling adaptation for Matrix Tube aspiration allows greater container type flexibility for the receipt and analysis of external samples delivered in non-primary blood tubes for clinical laboratories. Future work involving adjustment of the false bottom tube offset depth may reduce unusable sample volume allowing for a higher percentage of complete aspiration without intervention. This work is significant because it suggests existing clinical analyzers are easily adaptable to microsampling smaller volume tubes without significant effort.

B-168 Development and Validation of a Quantitative Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (UPLC-QToF) Method for Urine Organic Acid Analysis

Abstract Background Urine organic acid (UOA) analysis is essential for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). Traditionally, UOA analysis is performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and requires time-consuming sample preparation steps including liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization. The rapid development of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in the past few years provides the opportunity to perform UOA analysis with a dilute-and-shoot methodology. We describe the development and validation of a quantitative Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (UPLC-QToF) method for UOA analysis. Methods Urine specimens were diluted to normalize creatinine concentrations to 1 mmol/L. 20 µL of urine specimen (diluted), calibrator, or quality control (QC) material was mixed with 400 µL of mobile phase A (0.05% formic acid in water) and a mixture of isotope-labeled internal standards. After centrifugation, 10 µL of the supernatant was analyzed using a Xevo G3 QTOF mass spectrometer (Waters) with a ACQUITYTM Premier HSS T3 1.8 µm VanGuardTM FIT 2.1 x 150 mm column (Waters). Data collection was performed with negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode using the MSE method to produce fragment ions when applicable. Repeatability, reproducibility, and carryover were assessed using the QC materials. The analytical measuring range (AMR) was assessed using synthetic urine spiked with increasing concentrations of each organic acid. Accuracy was assessed by method comparison with the UOA test performed at Mayo Clinic Laboratory and by spike-recovery study using a pooled urine specimen. Matrix effect was also evaluated with matrix dilution study. Results An optimized LC method was used to enable high-resolution separation of selected UOAs (N = 29) and isomers. Total analytical time was 20 min per injection. Both linear and quadratic regressions were used to build the calibration curves. AMR and correlation coefficients of a few representative UOAs were: orotic acid (3.4 to 214.2 mmol/mol creatinine, R^2 = 0.99, linear regression); 2-methylcitric acid (4 to 189 mmol/mol creatinine, R^2 = 0.99, linear regression); 3-methylcrotonylglycine (0.3 to 18.0 mmol/mol creatinine, R^2 = 0.99, linear regression). Repeatability and reproducibility were mostly <=10% CV and no carryover was observed. Spike-recovery study demonstrated recoveries between 80% and 120%, and method comparison study demonstrated no discrepancies with results from Mayo Clinic Laboratory. Conclusions We have developed and validated a novel UPLC-QTOF method for UOA analysis to support the diagnosis of IEMs with acceptable analytical and clinical performances. Compared with the traditional GC-MS method, the UPLC-QTOF method requires a very small specimen volume and does not require laborious and time-consuming sample preparation steps. Continued optimization of the method will be pursued to measure more UOAs to support the diagnosis of more IEMs.

Quel bilan anatomo-pathologique ?

The WHO classification of lung tumours on which pathologists base their diagnosis was revised in 2015 on the basis of an international consensus established in 2011 between clinicians, radiologists and pathologists. This resulted in a histo-molecular and prognostic classification of adenocarcinomas. The use of immunohistochemistry for the classification of poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinomas and a new classification adapted to small specimens were defined. These concepts are still relevant today, as the management of small specimens is a key point in the collaboration between the sampling physician and the pathologist.This classification was revised in 2021 and remains broadly the same except for the appearance of new entities: SMARCA4-defident undifferentiated thoracic tumour; bron-chiolar adenoma / muconodular ciliated papillar tumour. Although rare, these lesions have histopathological, clinical and/or molecular appearances that merit their presence as new entities.For invasive adenocarcinomas, the 5 architectural patterns are maintained but the IASLC proposes a grading system which has shown a prognostic impact for early stages.Some clarifications regarding the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours/carcinomas were provided.Regarding pleural pathology, mesothelioma in situ is defined and characterised. 1877-1203/© 2024 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Concordance of Whole-Slide Imaging and Conventional Light Microscopy for Assessment of Pathologic Response Following Neoadjuvant Therapy for Lung Cancer

Pathologic response is an end point in many ongoing clinical trials for neoadjuvant regimens, including immune checkpoint blockade and chemotherapy. Whole-slide scanning of glass slides generates high-resolution digital images and allows for remote review and potential measurement with image analysis tools, but concordance of pathologic response assessment on digital scans compared with that on glass slides has yet to be evaluated. Such a validation goes beyond previous concordance studies, which focused on establishing surgical pathology diagnoses, as it requires quantitative assessment of tumor, necrosis, and regression. Further, as pathologic response assessment is being used as an end point, such concordance studies have regulatory implications. The purpose of this study was 2-fold, which was as follows: first, to determine the concordance between pathologic response assessed on glass slides and that assessed on digital scans, and second, to determine if pathologists benefited from using measurement tools when determining pathologic response. To that end, hematoxylin and eosin–stained glass slides from 64 non–small cell lung carcinoma specimens were visually assessed for percent residual viable tumor (%RVT). The sensitivity and specificity for digital vs glass reads of pathologic complete response (0% RVT) and major pathologic response (≤10% RVT) were all >95%. When %RVT was considered as a continuous variable, the intraclass correlation coefficient of digital vs glass reads was 0.94. The visual assessments of pathologic response were supported by pathologist annotations of residual tumor and tumor bed areas. In a separate subset of hematoxylin and eosin–stained glass slides, several measurement approaches to quantifying %RVT were performed. Pathologist estimates strongly reflected measured %RVT. This study demonstrates the high level of concordance between glass slides evaluated using light microscopy and digital whole-slide images for pathologic response assessments. Pathologists did not require measurement tools to generate robust %RVT values from slide annotations. These findings have broad implications for improving clinical workflows and multisite clinical trials.

P1.06C.01 Evaluation of Small Pulmonary Pathology Specimen Management in the Province of Quebec, Canada

P1.06C.01 Evaluation of Small Pulmonary Pathology Specimen Management in the Province of Quebec, Canada