Number Of Small Masses Research Articles

R-Process with Magnetized Nuclei at Dynamo-Explosive Supernovae and Neutron Star Mergers

Nucleosynthesis at latge magnetic induction levels relevant to core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers is considered. For respective magnetic fields of a strength up to ten teratesla, atomic nuclei exhibit a linear magnetic response due to the Zeeman effect. Such nuclear reactivity can be described in terms of magnetic susceptibility. Susceptibility maxima correspond to half-filled shells. The neutron component rises linearly with increasing shell angular momentum, while the contribution of protons grows quadratically due to considerable income from orbital magnetization. For a case j = l + 1/2, the proton contribution makes tens of nuclear magnetons and significantly exceeds the neutron values which give several units. In a case j = l − 1/2, the proton component is almost zero up to the g shell. A noticeable increase in the generation of corresponding explosive nucleosynthetic products with antimagic numbers is predicted for nuclei at charge freezing conditions. In the iron group region, new seeds are also created for the r-process. In particular, the magnetic enhancement of the volume of 44Ti isotopes is consistent with results from observations and indicates the substantial increase in the abundance of the main titanium isotope (48Ti) in the Galaxy’s chemical composition. Magnetic effects are proven to result in a shift of the r-process path towards smaller mass numbers, as well as an increase in the volume of low-mass nuclides in peaks of the r-process nuclei.

Fat poor angiomyolipoma differentiation from renal cell carcinoma at 320-slice dynamic volume CT perfusion.

To compare various CT perfusion features of fat poor angiomyolipoma (AML) with those of size-matched renal cell carcinoma (RCC). One hundred and seventy-four patients [16 with fat poor AML (mean diameter, 3.1cm; range, 1.5-5.5cm) and 158 with RCC (mean diameter, 3.2cm; range, 2.4-5.4cm)] who had undergone 320-slice dynamic volume CT perfusion were evaluated. Equivalent blood volume (BV Equiv), permeability surface-area product (PS), and blood flow (BF) of tumor were measured and analyzed. Fat poor AML was compared with each subtype of RCC (132 clear cell, 9 papillary, and 17 chromophobe). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for the comparison of fat poor AML and RCC. ROC curve analysis was not performed for the papillary RCC subtype because of the small number of masses of this subtype. BV Equiv and BF were significantly lower in fat poor AML than in clear cell RCC (P<0.05 for both). Fat poor AML had higher BV Equiv, PS, and BF than papillary RCC (P<0.05 for all). PS and BF in fat poor AML significantly exceeded those in chromophobe RCC (P<0.05 for both). For differentiating fat poor AML from clear cell RCC, area under the ROC curve (AUC) of BV Equiv and BF were 0.82 and 0.69. Using the optimal threshold value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.82, 0.81, 0.35, 0.97 for BV Equiv and 0.71, 0.75, 0.24, 0.96 for BF, respectively. For differentiating fat poor AML from chromophobe RCC, AUC of PS and BF were 0.77 and 0.79, respectively. The optimal sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 0.77, 0.75, 0.75, 0.76 for PS and 0.71, 0.81, 0.72, 0.80 for BF, respectively. Fat poor AML and subtypes of RCCs demonstrate different perfusion features at 320-slice dynamic volume CT, allowing their differentiations with BV Equiv, PS, and BF being valuable perfusion parameters.

Computed Tomography of Paranasal Sinus Pathologies with Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery/Nasal Endoscopy Correlation

ABSTRACT A prospective study was conducted on 50 patients at the SGRD Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, suffering from paranasal sinus disease correlating the findings of computed tomography (CT) using Siemens SOMATOM Emotion 6 slice CT machine with diagnostic nasal endoscopy or functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Infection of the paranasal sinuses is very common. Surgical clearance of these chronically infected sinuses while maintaining their ventilation and drainage is the treatment of choice. To achieve this goal, there should be some diagnostic modality that guides us toward the exact diagnosis and safe intervention. Computed tomography proves to be the most reliable method of preoperative assessment of patients undergoing FESS as it delineates the extent of the disease and defines any anatomical variants and relationship of the sinuses with the surrounding important structures, thus providing a road map for sinus surgery. In our study, most patients were in the 3rd and 4th decades of their life with equal disease incidence in males and females. The most common sinus involved was anterior ethmoid sinus, while sphenoid sinus was the least commonly involved. The most common pattern of inflammation was sinonasal polyposis followed by osteomeatal unit pattern. On correlating CT diagnosis with the final diagnosis, chronic sinusitis had 86% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity. Polyps had sensitivity of 96.15% and specificity of 95.83%. Again for fungal sinusitis, CT had a lower sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 93.02%. For diagnosing benign and malignant lesions, CT had 100% sensitivity and specificity, which could be due to the small number of masses evaluated. This study proved that CT is the modality of choice for evaluating and planning the management of symptomatic patients of paranasal sinus pathologies. How to cite this article Rao K. Computed Tomography of Paranasal Sinus Pathologies with Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery/Nasal Endoscopy Correlation. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):1-5.

Computed Tomography of Paranasal Sinus Pathologies with Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery/Nasal Endoscopy Correlation

ABSTRACT A prospective study conducted on 50 patients in Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India, suffering from paranasal sinus diseases correlating the findings of computed tomography (CT) using Siemens somatom emotion 6 slice CT machine with diagnostic nasal endoscopy or functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Infection of the paranasal sinuses is very common. Surgical clearance of these chronically infected sinuses while maintaining their ventilation and drainage is the treatment of choice. To achieve this goal, there should be some diagnostic modality which guides us towards exact diagnosis and safe intervention. Computed tomography proves to be the most reliable method of preoperative assessment of patients undergoing FESS as it delineates the extent of the disease, define any anatomical variants and relationship of the sinuses with the surrounding important structures. Thus, providing a road map for sinus surgery. In our study, most patients were in the 3rd and 4th decades of their life with equal disease incidence in males and females. The most common sinus involved was anterior ethmoid sinus while sphenoid sinus was least commonly involved. Commonest pattern of inflammation was sinonasal polyposis followed by osteomeatal unit pattern. On correlating CT diagnosis with final diagnosis, chronic sinusitis has 86% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity. Polyps have sensitivity of 96.15% and specificity of 95.83%. Again for fungal sinusitis CT has lower sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 93.02%. For diagnosing benign and malignant lesions CT has 100% sensitivity, specificity, could be due to small number of masses evaluated. This study proved that CT is the modality of choice for evaluation and planning the management of symptomatic patients of paranasal sinus pathologies. How to cite this article Rao K. Computed Tomography of Paranasal Sinus Pathologies with Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery/Nasal Endoscopy Correlation. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):15-19.

Simplified models for LHC new physics searches

This document proposes a collection of simplified models relevant to the design of new-physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the characterization of their results. Both ATLAS and CMS have already presented some results in terms of simplified models, and we encourage them to continue and expand this effort, which supplements both signature-based results and benchmark model interpretations. A simplified model is defined by an effective Lagrangian describing the interactions of a small number of new particles. Simplified models can equally well be described by a small number of masses and cross-sections. These parameters are directly related to collider physics observables, making simplified models a particularly effective framework for evaluating searches and a useful starting point for characterizing positive signals of new physics. This document serves as an official summary of the results from the ‘Topologies for Early LHC Searches’ workshop, held at SLAC in September of 2010, the purpose of which was to develop a set of representative models that can be used to cover all relevant phase space in experimental searches. Particular emphasis is placed on searches relevant for the first ∼50–500 pb−1 of data and those motivated by supersymmetric models. This note largely summarizes material posted at http://lhcnewphysics.org/, which includes simplified model definitions, Monte Carlo material, and supporting contacts within the theory community. We also comment on future developments that may be useful as more data is gathered and analyzed by the experiments.

Creation and transmutation of magnetized nuclei at explosively dense matter

Synthesis of iron group chemical elements is considered for the ultra-magnetized astrophysical plasma in supernovae. Maximum of nucleosynthesis products is shown to shift towards smaller mass numbers approaching titanium due to magnetic modification of nuclear structure. The results are corroborated with an excess of 44 Ti revealed from the INTEGRAL mission data.

Scaling Mode Shapes in Output-Only Systems by a Consecutive Mass Change Method

In operational modal analysis (OMA) mode shapes can be obtained only with arbitrary normalization. There are many applications where mass normalized mode shapes are required, such as response prediction and stress analysis. A method to scale the mode shapes in OMA is to modify the dynamic behaviour of the structure by adding masses and then to use the modal parameters of both the original and modified structure. Several mass change methods have been proposed in recent years for estimating the scaling factors, where a distributed array of added masses are needed to obtain good results. In this work a new mass change approach based on performing several individual mass changes is presented. This approach requires only a small number of masses that are located at different points in each individual experiment. The results of the individual tests are then combined to estimate the scaling factors. The approach is developed and validated by measurements carried out on a 15-tonne prestressed concrete slab strip and a steel cantilever beam. The results show that a good accuracy can be obtained by this method when a proper mass change strategy is used.

Polypoid cystitis masquerading as leiomyoma of urinary bladder-An unusual case report

Polypoid cystitis is characterized by urinary bladder wall thickening accompanied by a variable number of small masses that protrude from the mucosa into its lumen. We report a case of 28 year-old woman who presented with complaints of lump and pain in lower abdomen, increased frequency of micturition and occasional hematuria. FNAC from the lump was suggestive of leiomyoma but after surgery histopathological examination showed characteristic features of polypoid cystitis along with chronic cystitis in the adjoining epithelium.

Synthesis and decay of nuclides in supernovae

Synthesis of chemical elements at conditions of nuclear statistical equilibrium is investigated for the ultramagnetized astrophysical plasma in supernovae and near to neutron stars. For iron group nuclides, the magnetic modification of nuclear structure shifts a maximum of nucleosynthesis products towards smaller mass numbers approaching titanium. Signals of 44Ti radioactive decay in the gamma-spectra of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A were revealed from the integral IBIS/ISGRI observational data. The gamma-ray fluxes for 44Sc* lines with energies 67.9 and 78.4 keV are determined. The relationship between model and observational results is discussed.

Histological Characterisation of Small Renal Masses and Incidence of Silent Renal Masses

With the introduction of sonographic and CT examinations, the number of small renal masses detected has increased. Benign neoplastic lesions are usually smaller than 4 cm in size, whilst the most common types of renal cell carcinomas have a mean size greater than that, but we must not forget that a significant number of small masses are renal cell carcinomas; even though the rate of benign cases increases as the diameter of the lesions decreases, therefore, size itself cannot be used to rule out a diagnostic of malignancy and often image characteristics are not enough to predict the nature of the lesion with certainty. In this case, histological confirmation must be recommended. Ideally, the histological study must be conducted on the surgical specimen, even though biopsy can be an option in selected cases.

Shell structure of nuclei in strong magnetic fields in neutron star crusts

By employing Strutinsky's treatment we demonstrate that the magnetic field gives rise to a phase shift of the shell oscillations in nuclear masses. The proton orbital magnetism is shown to enhance the nuclear shell effect especially when the field influence is comparable to the spin-orbit coupling. The magnetic field of the strength scale B approximately 10(16)-10(17) G is found to shift significantly the nuclear magic numbers of the iron region towards smaller mass numbers.

The Diorites and Associated Rocks of the Glen Tilt Complex, Perthshire. II. Diorites and Appinites

AbstractThe south-eastern margin of the Glen Tilt mass consists of a series of diorites showing a considerable variation in mineralogical and chemical composition. Associated with, and enclosed within, the diorites are a number of small masses of coarser hornblende-felspar rocks which are described as appinites. There is an absence of sharp contacts between the various rock types of the complex and a hybrid origin is suggested to account for the mineralogical assemblage of the appinites.