Small-scale Fishing Activities Research Articles

Marmara Ereğlisi'nin (Tekirdağ) balıkçılık potansiyeli ve küçük ölçekli balıkçılık faaliyetinde kullanılan av araçları

The study aims to determine the technical characteristics of fishing gear used in the small-scale fishery in Marmara Ereglisi and to give the fishing potential of Marmara Ereglisi. The study was conducted during the 2022-2023 fishing season at the Marmara Ereglisi fishing shelter. Our results are based on the surveys conducted with 14 commercial fishermen and personal observations. Accordingly, 15 different set nets (9 gill nets and 6 trammel nets), five different fishing lines, and 1 type of beam trawl were identified. In the small-scale fishing activity in Marmara Ereglisi, 38 other fish species (13 target and 36 non-target) were caught. This study concludes that small-scale fishing in Marmara Ereglisi has significant potential in the fishing gear used and the species seen. The study is the first to focus on the technical specifications of fishing gear used in Marmara Ereglisi.

Diversification of small-scale fishing activities in exploring entrepreneurial opportunities along the tourism value chain in South Africa

Diversification of small-scale fishing activities in exploring entrepreneurial opportunities along the tourism value chain in South Africa

Fish catch management strategies: Evaluating the interplay between body size and global warming

Environmental temperature and body size influence the life cycle of the species, with consequences for population size. In addition, it has been reported that increased temperature can lead to a decrease in body size. In the context of a resource-stock, whose abundance is diminished by the action of an endothermic predator and also by small-scale fishing activity, we analysed a Schaefer-type fishery model that incorporates parametric variables associated with thermal performance, metabolic theory, and warming. We project the biomass of the resource in a thermal tolerance range with an increasing temperature trend obtained from current data. In the short term there could be an increase in biomass. However, over time the stock will decline rapidly, in association with the intensity of temperature increase and fishing effort. Recommendations for Resource Managers 1. Temperature increments towards tolerance limits will generate that fish resources will eventually collapse locally. In the meantime, latitudinal variation in the physiological sensitivity of organisms will affect the outcome of the fishing effort differentially. 2. Planning for more sustainable harvesting requires an ecophysiological understanding of both the resource and the species with which it interacts. 3. Simple models contribute to the formulation of strategies aimed to guide responsible monitoring systems, where theoretical, observational, and experimental information is highly relevant.

Socio-Economic Status of Small-Scale Fishery of the Hatay Region in Northeastern Mediterranean Coast of Turkey

The aim of this study was to investigate socio-economic structure and problems of small-scale fisheries in Samandağ, Arsuz, İskenderun, Payas, and Dörtyol districts of Hatay Province, in the northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Technical and physical features of fishing equipments, socio-economic characteristics of fishermen, economic analysis of fishery activity and the problems faced by fishermen were examined. A total of 317 boats were found to be registered in the small-scale fishing activity in these regions. The data were obtained face to face from 209 fishermen who are mainly engaged in the fishing activities in the Samandağ, Arsuz, İskenderun, Payas and Dörtyol coastal areas. A total of 40 questions were asked to the fishermen. Small-scale fishery is a source of income for many people, particularly in small towns and fishing areas with low-capital investments. Small-scale fisheries also contribute to the healthy nutrition of the people of the region. Fisheries plays an important role in human protein requirements. There is an increasing need to supporting bodies or programs to get a sustainable small-scale fishery in these coastal regions. There is also a serious risk for small-scale fishermen and their families whose lives are related to fishery resources, which are getting decreased in these coastal areas.

Field Monitoring of Tritia mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Egg Capsule Deposition and Intracapsular Embryonic Patterns Using Artificial Substrates and Machine Learning-Based Approaches

Tritia mutabilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represents a marine gastropod species of ecological and economical importance especially in coastal areas of the central Adriatic Sea (Italy). T. mutabilis encloses its fertilized eggs within capsules which play a protective role in the embryo defense against adverse environmental factors. Egg capsules are attached to any hard substrates and the availability of adequate substrates for oviposition represents therefore a major determinant of reproductive output of this species. The aim of the present study was to provide the first comprehensive monitoring of T. mutabilis egg capsule deposition and intracapsular embryonic patterns using specific artificial substrates and innovative analytical approaches. Square-based pyramid structures were placed within an area subjected to small-scale fishing activity along the Italian coastal waters of the central Adriatic Sea and monitored from March to June 2019. In addition, a machine learning-based approach was developed in order to speed up and automate time-consuming counting procedures of egg capsules attached on each pyramid. Overall, egg capsules were deposited on the almost totality of the artificial substrates reaching values of the surface coverage per site ranging from 31 to 97%. These findings lead to a quantitative estimation of egg number per site included between 27,060 and 62,940 capsules. Our results demonstrate that using these artificial substrates together with monitoring of both egg capsule deposition patterns and intracapsular developmental stages may be useful to improve the T. mutabilis stock management.

Management of small-scale fisheries and their issues: Case study in Sibolga, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Small-scale fisheries dominate the fishing industry in Indonesia, and more than 90% of Indonesia’s fishing vessel is estimated to be less than 30 GT. Small-scale fisheries issues could vary by region in Indonesia, based on their characteristics, so the government requires different and effective fisheries development programs and initiatives. Sibolga, North Sumatera, is a fisheries centre in Indonesia where small-scale fishers and industrial fishing vessels co-exist in the same port. For instance, the issues and management strategies addressed have to be approached in several different ways to develop sustainability. The purpose of this research is to examine the management of small-scale fisheries and their issues in the study area. The study was carried out in 2019. Primary and secondary data were used for this analysis. The analysis of data used a qualitative approach. Social and structural aspects should be discussed in the management of small-scale fisheries. Regulations are expected to raise the economic rents of small-scale fishing activities and, on the other hand, to apply a resource tax to small-scale fishermen adapted to current social and institutional conditions.

Systematic Literature Review: Benefits of Fisheries Technology on Small Scale Fishermen

Technology usage is a fundamental element in any fishing activity. Small-scale fishermen are often characterized as information-poor and information deprived has always been a central component of rural development initiatives. Thus, this article reviewed the recent studies of fishery technology benefits. This article is based on the conceptual paper approach by reviewing past studies on related issues concerning small scale fishing activities among fishermen using fishing technology. The results showed that there are four benefits of using ICT for fishing activities among small-scale fishermen namely, increase productivity and combat poverty, reduce digital among rural community, improves technology literacy level among rural community, and safety issues among small-scale fishermen. These suggestions are hoped to provide basis for concerned parties to improve their connectivity and disseminate the ICT information and benefit by using the ICT provided in the rural area.

Identify association of appropriate technological application with per capita income of small scale fishing household - a case of Jaffna small scale fishing community, Srilanka

Fishing is vital not only for nutrition supplementary but also livelihood of millions of people. Uninterrupted supply of sufficient and quality fish stocks without affecting marine eco system is ideal for sustainability fishing. However, balancing between sustainability of marine ecosystem, market equilibrium and livelihood of fishing and fishing dependent community is a challenge. Technological application is one of approach to overcome the sustainability of fishing activities. Technological applications are diversified as 1) technology in fishing vessels, fishing gears, equipment and so on. 2) Technology application in information sharing and digital applications such as Global Positioning System (GPS), mobile phone application under Global System of Mobile Communication and 3) Technological application in fishing infrastructure such as cold room, transport equipment and so on. Small scale fishing community depends on labour intensive whereas large scale commercial fishing industries attribute on capital deepening. Adaptation of technology depends on several factors such as financial capability and technology know how. The study examined which technological application is appropriate to small scale fishing activities in Sri Lanka since 90 percent of fishing were carried out by small scale fishers (Fisheries Year Book 2018/19). Primary sample data were collected by structured interview from household level fishing community in Jaffna, North of Sri Lanka. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation statistical techniques. The study revealed that information technology especially application of GPS, Internet and mobile coverage in order to obtain fish catch and market information followed by digital sensor application in fishing gear had positive impact on maintain sustainable fishing catches of small-scale fishing activities. In addition, strict law enforcement and monitoring of poaching vessels such as Indian trawlers using radar technology with coordination of fisheries cooperative societies was an essential requirement of small-scale fishing community as external support with regard to sustain fishing stock of the region and their livelihood.

Valuing invisible catches: Estimating the global contribution by women to small-scale marine capture fisheries production.

The role that women play in fisheries around the world is receiving increasing international attention yet the contributions by women to fisheries catches continues to be overlooked by society, industry and policy makers. Here, we address this lack of visibility with a global estimation of small-scale fisheries catches by women. Our estimates reveal that women participate in small-scale fishing activities in all regions of the world, with approximately 2.1 million (± 86,000) women accounting for roughly 11% (± 4%) of participants in small-scale fishing activities, i.e., catching roughly 2.9 million (± 835,000) tonnes per year of marine fish and invertebrates. The landed value of the catch by women is estimated at USD 5.6 billion (± 1.5 billion), with an economic impact of USD 14.8 billion per year (± 4 billion), which is equivalent to 25.6 billion real 2010 dollars (± 7.2 billion). These catches are mostly taken along the shoreline, on foot, or from small, non-motorized vessels using low-technology, low-emission gears in coastal waters. Catches taken by women are often for home consumption, and thus considered part of the subsistence sub-sector. However, in many contexts, women also sell a portion of their catch, generating income for themselves and their families. These findings underscore the significant role of women as direct producers in small-scale fisheries value chains, making visible contributions by women to food and livelihood security, globally.

Assessing the ecosystem-level consequences of a small-scale artisanal kelp fishery within the context of climate-change.

Coastal communities worldwide rely on small-scale artisanal fisheries as a means of increasing food security and alleviating poverty. Even small-scale fishing activities, however, are prone to resource depletion and environmental degradation, which can erode livelihoods in the long run. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify viable and resilient artisanal fisheries, and generate knowledge to support management within the context of a rapidly changing climate. We examined the ecosystem-level consequences of an artisanal kelp fishery (Macrocystis pyrifera), finding small-scale harvest of this highly productive species poses minimal impacts on kelp recovery rates, survival, and biomass dynamics, and abundances of associated commercial and culturally important fish species. These results suggest that small-scale harvest poses minimal trade-offs for the other economic benefits provided by these ecosystems, and their inherent, spiritual, and cultural value to humans. However, we detected a negative impact of warmer seawater temperatures on kelp recovery rates following harvest, indicating that the viability of harvest, even at small scales, may be threatened by future increases in global ocean temperature. This suggests that negative impacts of artisanal fisheries may be more likely to arise in the context of a warming climate, further highlighting the widespread effects of global climate change on coastal fisheries and livelihoods.

Stakeholders' conceptualization of offshore aquaculture and small-scale fisheries interactions using a Bayesian approach

Recent coastal planning measures in south-east Portugal (Algarve), where offshore aquaculture developments were set up in fishing areas aiming to maximize expected utility of seafood production activities, raised some discontentment. Public policies created to safeguard offshore aquaculture (OSA) producers and limit small-scale fishing (SSF) activities must be adjusted accordingly in order to maximize income and keep discontentment at a minimum. We collected primary data from stakeholders, fishers (n = 18) and offshore aquaculture operators (n = 3) through participatory workshops and interviews by eliciting problematic issues derived from the offshore area creation and their relative relevance. We used these data to populate conditional probability tables and construct a related influence diagram (Bayesian belief networks) to model the affected system. We selected nine scenarios based on navigability and aquaculture area size with the aim of finding the best expected utility combinations for the OSA – SSF system. The inferred results show that maximizing employment and keep pollution at low levels were the most influential factors to keep the system at a satisfactory level. The best decision was not to enlarge the aquaculture area, but to condition the access to other operational stakeholders, namely SSF operators from nearby areas. The overall results of the Bayesian belief network can be used to recommend coastal planners and decision-makers to deal with the interaction between OSA and SSF activities.

IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON ARTISANAL FISHING IN THE KAFUE FLATS OF ZAMBIA

Ponte Academic JournalJun 2017, Volume 73, Issue 6 IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON ARTISANAL FISHING IN THE KAFUE FLATS OF ZAMBIAAuthor(s): Dan Darkey ,Beverly M MushiliJ. Ponte - Jun 2017 - Volume 73 - Issue 6 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.6.36 Abstract:This paper reviews the importance of small scale fisheries in developing countries, highlighting the implications of climate variability on small scale fishing activities in the Kafue Flats of Zambia. Rainfall and temperature trends are analysed for five meteorological stations of the Kafue Flats, over a 30 year period (1982-2011) using Mann Kendall and Sen�s Estimator non-parametric tests. Over-all, the results reveal that the observed monthly rainfall over this period depicts increasing (< 0.05) and decreasing (<0.05 and < 0.1) trends. Trend analysis of seasonal temperatures also show increasing (< 0.05) and decreasing (< 0.01 and < 0.1) trends. Seasonal variability for both rainfall and temperature over the entire period displays statistically significant upward and downward trends at different rates. Household surveys, using snow-ball sampling technique, gauge the effects of climate variability on livelihoods. The study finds that climate variability and change clearly affects fisheries and their associated livelihood activities, and mounts pressure on food and income-generating assets in the Kafue flats. Notwithstanding, constrained by poverty and lacking alternative livelihoods, the fisher-folk remain reliant on the unstable fisheries. Devising adaptation and mitigation strategies, which reduce vulnerability, should be the primary option for sustaining the livelihoods of artisanal fishing communities in the Kafue Flats. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Assessment of social perception on the contribution of hard-infrastructure for tsunami mitigation to coastal community resilience after the 2010 tsunami: Greater Concepcion area, Chile

A GIS analysis on the urbanization spread (1725 to present) in the Greater Concepcion Region demonstrates that increasing the tsunami disaster resilience of coastal communities is a pressing issue in Chile, due to the continuous presence of human settlements in tsunami-prone areas. This research assesses the contribution of “hard-infrastructure” for increasing disaster resilience within five coastal towns (Dichato, Coliumo, Tumbes, Penco and Talcahuano). Structures were considered beneficial to resilience-building if they had multi-functional properties which aided in the social and/or economic recovery of the affected community. The assessment was carried out through in-depth interviews with local inhabitants until the point of data-saturation. Results reveal that all surveyed coastal towns had hard-infrastructure that was built after 2010, in the form of promenades and elevated housing. The former structures contributed positively to building economic resilience in Dichato, Talchuano and Penco, through the promotion of tourism and small-scale fishing activities. However, the physical design of the elevated houses was found to only facilitate recovery of community economic functions in Tumbes, while causing strain on the social fabric and possibly hindering tsunami evacuation in all other study sites. The mixed contribution of hard-infrastructure to coastal resilience highlights the need for the de-centralization of planning and reconstruction processes for a successful contextualization of the issue.

Social perceptions of Colombian small-scale marine fisheries conflicts: Insights for management

There is limited information about Colombian fisheries available from government sources. In consequence, as is the case for many artisanal or subsistence fisheries, fishermen, local leaders, and fisheries experts become a primary source of data for identifying priority issues for management attention. This study describes the problems that currently affect small-scale fishing activity and fishery resources in Colombia, based upon data collected from these main stakeholders. Data from extensive interviews and community meetings were carefully coded to produce a quantitative picture of the conflicts in these artisanal fisheries. Identified issues applied in three ways; across all communities, germane to one coastal area, or peculiar to individual communities. The results present the opportunity to focus management attention on key issues that can be addressed with co-management by communities in cooperation with government.

Carving a Niche or Cutting a Broad Swath: Subsistence Fishing in the Western Pacific

Fish stocks in many parts of the western Pacific are increasingly being subjected to a variety of environmental and human pressures. Resource managers are responding to the situation by limiting and allocating catch across the various fisheries. There is a corresponding need to appropriately classify fishers and fishing fleets to ensure that all sectors are fairly considered when catch allocation decisions are undertaken in the region. But discrete classification of small-scale fishing sectors is challenging because commercial, recreational, and food-gathering motives often overlap. Moreover, despite the known importance of small-scale fishing in the western Pacific, the manner and extent of such activities are not well understood or thoroughly documented. This paper seeks to elucidate the nature of subsistence or consumption-oriented fishing and its relationship to other forms of small-scale fishing activities in the region. A conceptual framework of potential utility for assessing the degree to which small-scale operations are moving toward or away from subsistence fishing is developed with the intent of optimizing the resource allocation decision-making process. The discussion is based on review of pertinent literature and on findings from research recently conducted in Hawai‘i and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

Profitability of Small-Scale Fisheries in Elmina, Ghana

In order to achieve sustainable fishing livelihoods in coastal communities, data on profitability of small-scale fisheries relative to fish species caught and gear types used by fishermen is required as part of a broader fisheries management strategy. This study was undertaken with this in mind. Interviews were conducted among 60 fishermen between February and March 2010. Economic assessment of small-scale fishing activities were done using questionnaires based on direct market pricing and contingent valuation methods. The results indicate that highly profitable fish species include Epinephelus aeneus, Sparus caeruleostictus, Dentex angolensis and Lutjanus goreensis valued at US$2.97, US$2.87, US$2.85 and US$2.63 per kilogram respectively. The less profitable species include Dasyatis margarita, Caranx crysos and Sardinella aurita valued at US$0.34, US$0.66 and US$ 0.85 per kilogram respectively. Although Sardinella aurita was among the less valuable fish species, it was the main species driving profits for the fishermen due to its high share volume among the fish catches. Findings from this study suggest high rates of exploitation, in that stocks generally cannot provide for increased economic return in the face of increased investment. This is a clear indicator that the open-access nature of Ghanaian fisheries is not sustainable, and management reform is well overdue.

Is Biodiversity Friendly Fisheries Management Possible on Issyk-Kul Lake in the Kyrgyz Republic?

This paper aims to identify challenges, and threats, and further explore opportunities for a new Biodiversity Friendly Fisheries Management Regime on the Issyk-Kul Lake in the Kyrgyz Republic. This lake is the second largest high-altitude lake in the world providing recreational and small-scale fishing activities as well as cage culture of introduced species. The populations of several indigenous species are seriously threatened, because many of the introduced species are potential predators. We examine the root causes for overfishing and relationships of alien and endemic fish species in Issyk-Kul Lake and give possible policy options that can help remediate or mitigate the biodiversity degradation. This analysis focuses on necessary legal modifications, institutional cooperation, the protection of selected endemic fish species, control of the alien species, the sustainable extension services and management of fish ponds. Fisheries co-management is one option to explore shared stewardship and empowering user groups on the lake. A comprehensive fisheries management plan is also needed, in addition to immediate action and further studies on the following wider aspects: water management/irrigation issues, water-quality assessment near cage cultures, sociocultural issues, resource inventory, and assessing fish biology and the lake ecosystem.

INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE GAKUNAN PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY DISTRICT (SECOND REPORT)

This paper is a sequel to the author's report of the Gakunan Pulp and Paper Industry District published in the Geographical Review of Japan Vol. 35 (1962), No. 9. In this paper an attempt is made to illustrate how a small local industrial area has lost or left its local characteristics. The recent tremendous growth of industry in Japan is still taking place largely in the already highly industrialized areas and in their vicinities. After the Korean War, under the nation's new economic policy, which intended to foster concentration of manufacturing production, still it is gradually having an impact on many other parts of the country. In this trend, Shizuoka Prefecture came to rank seventh in the manufacturing production of Japan. In this prefecture the Gakunan District has played an important role in its industrial growth, especially in such industrial groups as machineries and chemicals. There were three stages in industrialization of this district as the author pointed out before. Concentration of manufacturing production has long been lasting since the economic depression after World War I, or the second stage in industrialization. In this process most paper factories, which were initially established by local landowners, came into the hands of some paper commission merchants, because of fall of landowners. Through this stage, most landowners fell and few could be industrial capitalists. Daishowa-Seishi was established in 1938 by those merchants, being heir to old enterprisers' properties. In the period of World War II, some monopolistic enterprises such as Toshiba and Nissan, which are now ones of the leading producers of electrical machineries and automobiles respectively, opened their factories in the Gakunan District. The factories were moved and located here from the Tokyo-Yokohama Industrial Belt in response to expanding military demands. Besides, consideration of danger from air attack was an innegligible factor in such industrial localization. A quite similar tendency is becoming visible in other newly opened establishments by monopolistic enterprisers. This phenomenon is today's typical pattern of industrial localization in formerly locally developed industrial areas. It shows that a small local industrial area is losing its old-type local characteristic which industries were based on local labor, and means that the next stage in industrialization is taking place. Under the circumstances mentioned above, the primary industry is declining. Small-scale fishing activity in coastal water is completely gone, and agricultural industry is declining. Along part of the Tokaido Railroad or surrounding sites of the Tagonoura Port, a very spacious cultivated land, mostly for paddy fields, is changing into industrial purposes including residential sections belonging to some large-scale factories. Figure 2 shows industrial impact on agricultural land. Black sign indicates intustrial land use, faint colored sign is for settlements. Old small factories by local capital are located in and near old settlements, and in contrast, new large factories by monopolistic capital are located along the Tokaido Line encroaching on paddy fields. Thus, many farmers lost a large portion of their farming land, in some cases even their own homes. They must have jobs other than agriculture. In this industrialized district, farmers have many oppotunities to obtain jobs, so most of them stay in their towns or villages and get livelihood there. Though many families in rural settlements change their occupations to those of secondary or tertiary industries, they do not become pure wage workers rapidly as so expected, by completely leaving agriculture and because of their low wages. Part-time farming families are increasing year by year. Side work ratio to the total farming families is now over 85%.