Small-scale Capture Fisheries Research Articles

Analysis of the Vulnerability of Small-Scale Capture Fisheries in Pangpang Bay, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia

Pangpang Bay is called a multi-use area because it has the potential not only for capture fisheries and aquaculture, but also for mangrove conservation. However, small-scale fishermen in Pangpang Bay feel the impact of climate change. The impact of climate change on fisheries can lead to vulnerability to the sustainability of fishing communities in particular The benefits of research as a basis for developing small-scale capture fisheries in Pangpang Bay, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia. The research was conducted from March to July 2023. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method, with data collection methods using surveys and direct observation. The analytical method used is the vulnerability of capture fisheries, with data analysis carried out on 1) Exposure, the variable is sea surface temperature (SST); 2) Sensitivity, the variables are analyzed being the catch and the number of fishermen; 3) Adaptive capacity, the variables are mangrove area, number of fish landings and number of fishery instructors. The results of the study showed that for small-scale capture fisheries in Pangpang is in the category of moderate vulnerability to climate change. In this case, it has implications for policies that can increase adaptive capacity and reduce sensitivity

Achieving a blue economy through the circular initiatives: a path towards sustainable marine living resources.

This paper empirically examines the role of circularity performance on the performance of marine living resources to prove its role in promoting a sustainable blue economy. We use five different metrics to quantify the marine living resources of nations in the European regions, including the value added at the factor costs of small-scale capture fisheries, shellfish aquaculture, freshwater aquaculture, marine aquaculture, and large-scale capture fisheries. By using various econometric techniques, we provide evidence of the importance of circularity performance in improving the sustainability of the blue economy in the European region during the 2009-2020 period. However, it is more likely that this effect is only positive in the long term. In the long run, circularity performance affects many marine living resource components in a statistically meaningful way.

TRAINING ON MAKING RUMPON AS FISH HABITAT FOR FISHERMAN IN UJONG BLANG VILLAGE LHOKSEUMAWE CITY

Indonesia has a very diverse fishery resource potential, including large pelagic, small pelagic, demersal, penaeid shrimp, crabs, crabs, squid and reef fish. Fishery is one sector that is relied upon for Indonesia's future development, because it can provide an economic impact to some of Indonesia's population. The national capture fisheries are still characterized by small-scale capture fisheries. This can be proven by the existence of capture fisheries in Indonesia which is still dominated by small-scale capture fisheries, namely around 85%, and only around 15% is carried out by larger-scale fisheries. the use of fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly encourages over-exploitation of fishery resources. rumpon are a tool for collecting fish. The use of rumpon as fishing aids has long been recognized by Indonesian fishermen. The success of rumpon as fishing aids need not be doubted anymore, because rumpon are very effective as a tool to collect fish to make it easier to catch. The method used in this activity is to conduct counseling in the form of providing a theoretical view of the positive impact in the field of rumpon. After conducting counseling, the training will continue with how to make rumpon properly and correctly.

CLUSTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL-SCALE CAPTURE FISHERIES IN PRIGI, EAST JAVA

Small-scale capture fisheries condition is multi gear and multispecies has an impact on increasing the pressure of fish condition. The information related to fisheries resource status is very essential in order to build sustainable fisheries management planning. This study aims to analyze the level of fishing gear productivity, clustering of fishing gear based on the number of catch fish in Prigi, East Java. These study results are expected as sustainable small-scale fisheries management recommendations. This research methods were used the analyzed of diversity by Shannon-Wiener index, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and clustering of fishing gear based on a combination between principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster. The results showed that the composition of the catch in each fishing gear was varied. The highest diversity of fish used gillnet as fishing gear. In general, the type of fishing gear with the most catches in AFP Prigi is handline, meanwhile scoop net became the highest CPUE of fishing. Clustering of fishing gear tends to be the same with varying proximity and gillnet fishing gear is a fishing gear that tends not to group with other tools. This study resulted that the clustering of fishing gear tends not to change in the last 10 years, however the correlation between groups are dynamic and this case has an impact on the variations of catch fish and fishing gear productivity.

Flood-Pulse Variability and Climate Change Effects Increase Uncertainty in Fish Yields: Revisiting Narratives of Declining Fish Catches in India’s Ganga River

River-floodplains support a significant number of small-scale capture fisheries despite having undergone degradation due to human modification of river flows by dams, pollution, and climate change. River fish production is underpinned by the annual flood-pulse and associated environmental changes that act as cues for spawning and dispersal for most species. However, studies on fish stock declines have focused more on overfishing than on hydroclimatic variability. Therefore, understanding how changes in flood-pulse variability influence fishing effort and yields is critical to inform adaptive fisheries’ management. We investigated hydroclimatic factors driving flood-pulse variability and fish catch–effort dynamics in India’s Ganga River over two decades (2000–2020). We compiled fishers’ narratives of changing fish catches through semi-structured interviews to compare them with our observed trends. Flood amplitude showed increasing variability, longer duration, and earlier rise timings, linked to La Niña and El Niño phases. Catches per unit effort were correlated with total yield and effort but did not decline as fishers thought, despite overall declines in yield over time. Hydroclimatic variability was a more significant driver of changing yields than local fishing pressure. Rising uncertainty in fisheries’ production, in response to increasing flood-pulse variability and altered flows in the Gangetic Plains, may be affecting fishing behaviour and underlying resource conflicts.

The strategy of Small-scale fisheries management in Cilacap Regency Waters

Management of small-scale fisheries resources is more likely to be oriented towards economic growth by overexploiting fishery resources without paying attention to sustainability aspects. The number of smallscale fishing fleets tends to increase, resulting in over-exploitation in coastal areas. The purpose of this study is to develop alternative strategies for small-scale capture fisheries management in Cilacap Regency. Collecting data using survey methods and interviews with key informants. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the AWOT method, namely the SWOT method combined with AHP. The results showed that the IFAS matrix value is 3.17 (strength = 2.211 and weakness is 0.715) the total value of EFAS is 2.926 (opportunity = 2.211 and threat = 0.715). The choice of strategy is in quadrant IV (growth and constructive conditions). Strategic priorities that can be taken include, increase productivity with environmentally friendly fishing gear, optimize fishing facilities and infrastructure assistance, strengthen the role of fishermen’s organizations or groups, increase human resource capacity through training and empowerment programs for fishermen and capital assistance for fishing business development.

The Economies of Scale and Efficiency of Small-Scale Capture Fisheries in Kurau Village, Central Bangka District

This study investigates the economies of scale and efficiency of small-scale capture fisheries, as well as to know how the socio-economic variable influencing the small-scale capture fisheries business in the Kurau village, Central Bangka district. The approach used is a quantitative method by applying multiple linear regression models to adopt the Cobb-Douglas production function. The study found that the scale-economies condition in the small-scale fisheries is decreasing return to scale. We also found the results of allocative efficiency in this small-scale fisheries business are relatively inefficient. Other findings of model estimation indicated that the variables of capital, labor, and fishing distance have a positive and significant effect, while the variables of age, experience, and education level of fishermen have no significant effect on small-scale fisheries production. The main factor that is an obstacle for local fishermen is technology, therefore technology assistance and support from the government are needed as a policy to improve small-scale capture fisheries business and fishermen welfare.

The CV as an Initiative for Sustainable Development of Small-Scale Capture Fisheries in Central Java, Indonesia

The problem of this study is that small-scale capture fisheries business in Indonesia still faces a classic problem, namely limited sources of capital to develop the business, so a strategy is needed to overcome this problem, including working with other parties as partners in running the business. This study aims to investigate the legality of the capture fisheries business in Indonesia, and the limited partnership (Commanditaire Vennootschap/CV) as an alternative form of capture fisheries business in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, the legal data used is secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, namely the Law on Capture Fisheries and the Law on CV, and secondary legal material in the form of literature related to the research problem. The data and legal materials were collected through a literature study and analyzed descriptively and analytically. The results of the study concluded that in carrying out fishery business activities, the entrepreneurs can use CV as an alternative form of small-scale capture fisheries business that allows overcoming the problem of limited capital faced by small-scale capture fisheries entrepreneurs in Indonesia. The study concludes that with the formation of CV, there will be two partners in small-scale capture fisheries business, namely complementary allies as the party who manages what is done by fishermen and limited allies are parties who include capital in small-scale capture fisheries businesses.

The financial business characteristics of hand line fisheries in the SAP Area of Raja Ampat Islands and the surrounding sea

Aktivitas perikanan tangkap di Kawasan Suaka Alam Peraian (SAP) Kabupaten Raja Ampat sebagian besar adalah usaha perikanan skala kecil. Pengembangan usaha alat tangkap pancing ulur menjadi sangat penting untuk pemanfaatan secara berkelanjutan kegiatan perikanan tangkap skala kecil di kawasan konservasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kelayakan usaha perikanan pancing ulur dari aspek finansial dan resiko pengembangannya di Kawasan SAP Kepulauan Raja Ampat dan laut sekitarnya. Jenis data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian analisis parameter finansial, kriteria investasi dan analisis resiko usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha perikanan pancing ulur di Kawasan SAP Kabupaten Raja Ampat dan laut sekitarnya mendapatkan keuntungan dan layak untuk dikembangkan. Dilihat dari analisis kelayakan finansial usaha dengan nilai keuntungan sebesar Rp. 9.003.171,00, nilai R/C ratio sebesar 1,11 dan nilai payback periode (PP) sebesar 2,95 tahun. Dilihat dari kelayakan investasi menunjukkan bahwa nilai NPV>0, net B/C>1 dan IRR> tingkat suku bunga yang berlaku 5,25%. Dilihat dari resikonya bahwa usaha pancing ulur masuk dalam kategori tidak beresiko untuk dikembangkan. Hasil ini dilihat dari nilai CV (0,2) ≤ 0,5 maka nilai L (8.428.400) ≥ 0, yang berarti perusahaan akan selalu untung atau impas dan tidak mengalami resiko kerugian.

DEVELOPING A FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES IN SUPPORT OF MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

Small-scale capture fisheries have a very important place globally, but unfortunately are still mostly unregulated. Typically, they are defined based on capture fisheries characteristics, technical attributes of fishing vessels, and socio-economic attributes of fishers. Indonesia uses the term ‘small-scale fisher’ (nelayan kecil), currently defined to include fishing boats of ≤ 10 gross tons (GT), which previously covered only boats of ≤ 5 GT. Because small-scale fishers are by law granted a privilege by government to be exempted from fisheries management measures (e.g. fisheries licensing system), its current definition jeopardizes fisheries sustainability and significantly increases the size of unregulated and unreported fisheries. It is also unfair, as it legitimizes the payment of government support to relatively well-o ff fishers. This paper aims to develop a functional definition of small-scale fisheries (perikanan skala kecil) to guide policy implementation to improve capture fisheries management in Indonesia. A definition of small-scale fisheries is proposed as a fisheries operation, managed at the household level, fishing with or without a fishing boat of < 5 GT, and using fishing gear that is operated by manpower alone. This definition combines attributes of the fishing vessel (GT), the fishing gear (mechanization), and the unit of business decision making (household) to minimize unregulated and unreported fishing and focus government aid on people who are truly poor and vulnerable to social and economic shocks. The terms small-scale fisheries and small-scale fishers must be legally di ff erentiated as the former relates to fisheries management and the latter relates to empowerment of marginalized fishers.

The Sustainability Status if Fish Landing Port Facility Management if Ujong Baroh in West Aceh District

Ujung Baroh Fish Landing Port (FLP) is a type D fishing port which is an important infrastructure in small-scale capture fisheries activities. But there are some obstacles in the management of the FLP. Improper management can have an impact on the optimal utilization of facilities and activities that are not active. This is a challenge for the Regional Government of West Aceh. Therefore, Meulaboh FLP needs to be supported by a suitable management by involving the relevant agencies. Thus this research is very important to be carried out regarding the sustainability status of the optimal management of Fish Landing Port facilities. The results of the study showed that there are four dimensions that have sustainability covering the ecological dimension 57.43, economic dimensions 62.93, socio-cultural dimensions 76.08, technological dimensions 57.54, with 24 attributes while there is one institutional dimension 32.76 by having 6 attributes that do not have less sustainability in managing Ujung Baroh Fish Landing Port facilities.

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL BERKELANJUTAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT PROVINSI ACEH

The strategy of productivity improvement of sustanable small-scale capture fisheries in West Aceh, Aceh Province was urgent for fisheries management. This research have been conducted for three months to begin from May until July 2018. The aims of this study is to determine factors that affected Productivity improvment of sustanable small-scale capture fisheries and to develop strategies for improving productivity of sustanable small-scale capture fisheries in Aceh Barat, Aceh Province. The method used is a survey and study of literature. In addition to use a method of interview to social respondents. Data analysis methods are linear regression, descriptive and SWOT analysis. Results showed factors affected productivity of sustanable small-scale capture fisheries in Aceh Barat is capital, number of labour and the kinds of cpture boat. While other factors such as the trip, age and level of college are no effect. The strategy of increasing the productivity of sustanable small-scale fisheries in improving economy of fishermen in Aceh Barat district that can be applied: give subsidy, catching fleet and fishing and fishing equipment, financial management training, and financial institusional to provide alternative working for small-scale fisheries

Developing a functional definition of small-scale fisheries in support of marine capture fisheries management in Indonesia

Small-scale capture fisheries have a very important place globally, but unfortunately are still mostly unregulated. Typically, they are defined based on capture fisheries characteristics, technical attributes of fishing vessels, and socio-economic attributes of fishers. Indonesia uses the term ‘small-scale fisher’ (nelayan kecil), currently defined to include fishing boats of < 10 gross tons (GT), which previously covered only boats of < 5 GT. Because small-scale fishers are by law granted a privilege by government to be exempted from fisheries management measures (e.g. fisheries licensing system), its current definition jeopardizes fisheries sustainability and significantly increases the size of unregulated and unreported fisheries. It is also unfair, as it legitimizes the payment of government support to relatively well-off fishers. This paper aims to develop a functional definition of small-scale fisheries (perikanan skala kecil) to guide policy implementation to improve capture fisheries management in Indonesia. A definition of small-scale fisheries is proposed as a fisheries operation, managed at the household level, fishing with or without a fishing boat of < 5 GT, and using fishing gear that is operated by manpower alone. This definition combines attributes of the fishing vessel (GT), the fishing gear (mechanization), and the unit of business decision making (household) to minimize unregulated and unreported fishing and focus government aid on people who are truly poor and vulnerable to social and economic shocks. The terms small-scale fisheries and small-scale fishers must be legally differentiated as the former relates to fisheries management and the latter relates to empowerment of marginalized fishers.

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIFITAS PERIKANAN TANGKAP SKALA KECIL YANG BERKELANJUTAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH JAYA PROVINSI ACEH

The research is about strategy of productivity improvement of sustainable small-scale capture fisheries in Aceh Jaya, Aceh Province. The research have been conducted four months and it’s start in August 2014 to December 2014. The study aims to determine factors that affecting productifity of sustainable small-scale capture fisheries and strategies for improving productivity of sustainable small-scale capture fisheries in Aceh Jaya, Aceh Province. The Survey method was used for the study. In addition this study is using deep interview to respondents. Data analysis is using linear regression analysis, descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The Result show productivity of small-scale capture fisheries in Aceh Jaya was affected number of fishing trips and capital. Type of fishing fleet, fishing equipment, fisherman and fishing experience have not siggnificantly affect the productivity of small-scale capture fisheries. Productivity can be improved by regulation of fisheries department like fishing grounds category, prohibition of fishing is using explosives (fish bomb), trawl, toxin. In addition, improvement of small-scale fisheries can be reached with increasing fisheries extension and economic empowerment of coastal communities and also the strengthening of customary management system (Panglima Laot).

KONSEPTUALISASI PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN LAUT SKALA KECIL BERBASIS LOKASI PKN (Peningkatan Kehidupan Nelayan) (Study Kasus: Wilayah Kecamatan PKN Kabupaten Nagan Raya)

Capture fisheries are very important economic activity and have contributed greatly to the total fishery production in general in the District Naganraya. Fishery system that occurs dominated by small-scale fisheries. Fishermen in Naganraya district has a high dependence on fisheries resources as the main source of livelihood and almost all coastal areas based fisheries activities. Small-scale fisheries businesses have an impact on the fishing fleet and fishing locations (fishing ground) resulting in range of fishing operations is limited. The purpose of this research is 1). Analyzing small-scale capture fisheries system in locations PKN Naganraya district, 2). Formulate an alternative strategy in the management of small-scale fishing locations PKN Naganraya district. Data to be collected in this study consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected intensively using semi-structured interviews (semi-structured interview) to small-scale fishermen, observation and documentation in selected locations. The results showed that the dominant type of fishing gear is trawl catches beach and species that dominate the catch is Sardinella lemuru and Selar spp. Fish marketing patterns in locations peningkapan fishing activities (PKN) is not through the auction only through traders / large and are twelve strategic through internal and external environmental factors were dominant influence on the pattern of the conceptualization of small-scale fishery management in PKN location Nagan Raya.

The Ethics and Sustainability of Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture

The global seafood industry (capture fisheries and aquaculture) is a vital source of food, income, livelihoods, and culture. Seafood demand is steadily rising due to growth in the global human population, affluence, and per capita consumption. Seafood supply is also growing, despite declining wild fish stocks, with phenomenal advances in aquaculture, that is, the cultivation of aquatic organisms. Aquaculture supplied 42 % of the world’s fish in 2012 and is forecast to eclipse capture fisheries production by 2030. The balance between these two seafood production systems has profound implications for global food security, income distribution, and ecological sustainability. Here, a qualitative analysis of the ethics and sustainability of capture fisheries and aquaculture is presented. An innovative practical ethics approach is introduced which adapts the ethical matrix, a conceptual tool for analyzing the wellbeing, autonomy, and justice of different interest groups, and Rapfish, a rapid appraisal technique used to evaluate the sustainability of fisheries along six performance modalities, including ethics. Using case studies of global large- and small-scale capture fisheries and generalized carnivorous and omnivorous aquaculture systems, I show that human institutions and social actors interact in complex governance processes to influence seafood ethics and sustainability.

Linking global drivers with local and regional change: a social-ecological system approach in Chilika Lagoon, Bay of Bengal

Global scale drivers such as international markets for shrimp can trigger large changes at local and regional scales. But there is also a poorly appreciated reverse process, operating from the bottom up, with potential for triggering changes at higher scales. Thus, effects of drivers can be seen as a two-way process in which global drivers and local and regional drivers can potentially impact each other. Here, we argue that not only can global drivers impact the sustainability of local and regional social-ecological systems, but sustainability at higher scales can also be impacted by changes at the scale of local and regional social-ecological systems. Using Chilika, a large lagoon on the Bay of Bengal, Odisha State in India as a case, we show that traditional small-scale capture fisheries supporting 150 fisher villages with some 400,000 people were marginalized by aquaculture development for tiger prawn and by state-driven hydrological interventions, with impacts on the ecology of the lagoon. These changes, in turn, contribute to global poverty and food insecurity, making it difficult for India to meet international targets such as millennium development goals. The marginalized fisherfolk become part of environmental justice and other social movements. With large parts of the lagoon converted into a virtual monoculture for the production of tiger prawn, changes in Chilika (a Ramsar site) contribute to wetland habitat loss at the global scale, and biodiversity losses, possibly including IUCN red-listed species.

Economics and livelihoods of small-scale inland fisheries in the Lower Mekong Basin: a survey of three communities in Cambodia

This paper presents economic analysis, viability and trade-off issues for small-scale (family) inland capture fisheries in three fishing communities, each representing a distinct floodplain characteristic in Cambodia. The average net profits of family fishing was US$12 and US$4.6 per trip during the open (October to May) and close (June to September) seasons, respectively; but real profit—deducting the cost for family labour from net profit—was only US$4.5 and US$1.6 during the open and close seasons, respectively. The return from family fishing varied greatly across sites surveyed, depending on the quality of the fishing grounds, hydro-ecology settings, local institutions, and socio-economic factors. The high degree of seasonality, the spatial variation of returns and costs of capture fisheries suggest interdependence of fishing activities with basin-level water allocation policies, and also related trade-off in the fisheries sector with water allocation and water resources management policies. There is also now an urgent need for synergy of the various rural development efforts with that of fisheries policies in the Mekong River Basin.

Economic Viability of Small-scale Marine Capture Fisheries in the Bonny Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

This study describes the findings of a research project on economic viability of smallscale marine capture fisheries in the Bonny area, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study was designed to provide baseline economic information on small-scale capture fisheries. Small-scale fisheries are often the main drivers in the rural economy, accounting for nearly 50% of the global capture fisheries production, and cater primarily to direct human consumption (Chandrika and Rajagopalan 2007). Small-scale fisheries provide employment for millions of fishers directly engaged in fishing activities (including rural aquaculture). In addition, more than 100 million people are estimated to be employed in other fisheries-associated occupations (Ishak 1994; Vincent, Rozali, and Jahara 1997). These figures are likely to be underestimates, as there are millions of people fishing seasonally/part-time in coastal and inland waters not recorded as fishers. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that about 5.8 million fishers (about 20% of the total) can be considered poor, earning less than US$1 per day. In addition, in many least developed countries of Africa and Asia, fish accounts for more than 50% of the total animal protein intake (FAO 1999). In almost all these countries, small-scale fisheries provide over three-quarters of the domestic fish supply. Small-scale fisheries are an important source of employment, food security, and income, particularly in the developing world. An estimated 90% of the 38 million people recorded by the FAO as fishers and fish farmers are small scale.