Due to the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries, evaluations of the flammability and explosive characteristics of carbon dust materials as anodes require attention. Carbon dust often reaches the micron/nano scale, and dust particle state and explosion risk generated in different industrial scenarios are different, which is in urgent need of research. Nanoscale dust has relatively static coagulation properties and shows characteristics of dispersion and reagglomeration under a certain airflow. The particle size characteristics affect its thermodynamic characteristics and various consequence parameters of dust explosion. The oxidation and combustion characteristics are mainly affected by dust particle size distribution characteristics. The apparent activation energy is mainly affected by the proportion of small and medium-sized particles and pre-exponential index factor is mainly affected by the dust overall average particle size and specific surface area. The explosion consequence parameters are affected by the thermodynamic parameters, by the disturbance state, particle distribution degree of dust cloud and other factors, which affect the heat radiation and heat transfer process to some extent resulting in different explosion consequence parameters. Due to the agglomeration characteristics of nano-level dust, the minimum ignition energy and minimum ignition temperature of nano-level dust are generally smaller than that of micron level dust.